Air motion determination by tracking humidity patterns in isentropic layers

Determining air motions by tracking humidity patterns in isentropic layers was investigated. Upper-air rawinsonde data from the NSSL network and from the AVE-II pilot experiment were used to simulate temperature and humidity profile data that will eventually be available from geosynchronous satellites. Polynomial surfaces that move with time were fitted to the mixing-ratio values of the different isentropic layers. The velocity components of the polynomial surfaces are part of the coefficients that are determined in order to give an optimum fitting of the data. In the mid-troposphere, the derived humidity motions were in good agreement with the winds measured by rawinsondes so long as there were few or no clouds and the lapse rate was relatively stable. In the lower troposphere, the humidity motions were unreliable primarily because of nonadiabatic processes and unstable lapse rates. In the upper troposphere, the humidity amounts were too low to be measured with sufficient accuracy to give reliable results. However, it appears that humidity motions could be used to provide mid-tropospheric wind data over large regions of the globe

The Quest for Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at High Redshift z 73 4

We exploit the continuity equation approach and \u201cmain-sequence\u201d star formation timescales to show that the observed high abundance of galaxies with stellar masses 73 a few 1010 M 99 at redshift z 73 4 implies the existence of a galaxy population featuring large star formation rates (SFRs) \u3c8 73 102 M 99 yr\u20111 in heavily dust-obscured conditions. These galaxies constitute the high-redshift counterparts of the dusty star-forming population already surveyed for z 72 3 in the far-IR band by the Herschel Space Observatory. We work out specific predictions for the evolution of the corresponding stellar mass and SFR functions out to z 3c 10, determining that the number density at z 72 8 for SFRs \u3c8 73 30 M 99 yr\u20111 cannot be estimated relying on the UV luminosity function alone, even when standard corrections for dust extinction based on the UV slope are applied. We compute the number counts and redshift distributions (including galaxy-scale gravitational lensing) of this galaxy population, and show that current data from the AzTEC-LABOCA, SCUBA-2, and ALMA-SPT surveys are already addressing it. We demonstrate how an observational strategy based on color preselection in the far-IR or (sub-)millimeter band with Herschel and SCUBA-2, supplemented by photometric data from on-source observations with ALMA, can allow us to reconstruct the bright end of the SFR functions out to z 72 8. In parallel, such a challenging task can be managed by exploiting current UV surveys in combination with (sub-)millimeter observations by ALMA and NIKA2 and/or radio observations by SKA and its precursors

Key Issues In Inhibitor Management In Patients With Haemophilia

[No abstract available]12SUPPL.1s319s329Bray, G.L., Gomperts, E.D., Courter, S., A multicenter study of recombinant factor VIII (recombinate): Safety, efficacy, and inhibitor risk in previously untreated patients with hemophilia A. The recombinate study group (1994) Blood, 83, pp. 2428-2435Lusher, J.M., Arkin, S., Abildgaard, C.F., Schwartz, R.S., Recombinant factor VIII for the treatment of previously untreated patients with hemophilia A. Safety, efficacy, and development of inhibitors. Kogenate previously untreated patient study group (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 453-459Hay, C.R., Baglin, T.P., Collins, P.W., The diagnosis and management of factor VIII and IX inhibitors: A guideline from the UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organization (UKHCDO) (2000) Br J Haematol, 111, pp. 78-90Lawrence, J.S., Johnson, J.B., The presence of a circulating anticoagulant in a male member of a hemophiliac family (1941) Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc, 57, pp. 223-231Konkle, B.A., Ebbesen, L.S., Erhardtsen, E., Randomized, prospective clinical trial of recombinant factor VIIa for secondary prophylaxis in hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2007) J Thromb Haemost, 5, pp. 1904-1913Leissinger, C., Gringeri, A., Antmen, B., Anti-inhibitor coagulant complex prophylaxis in hemophilia with inhibitors (2011) N Engl J Med, 365, pp. 1684-1692Gouw, S.C., Van Den Berg, H.M., Oldenburg, J., F8 gene mutation type and inhibitor development in patients with severe hemophilia A: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2012) Blood, 119, pp. 2922-2934Gouw, S.C., Van Der Bom, J.G., Auerswald, G., Recombinant versus plasma-derived factor VIII products and the development of inhibitors in previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A: The CANAL cohort study (2007) Blood, 109, pp. 4693-4697Iorio, A., Halimeh, S., Holzhauer, S., Rate of inhibitor development in previously untreated hemophilia A patients treated with plasma-derived or recombinant factor VIII concentrates: A systematic review (2010) J Thromb Haemost, 8, pp. 1256-1265Wight, J., Paisley, S., The epidemiology of inhibitors in haemophilia A: A systematic review (2003) Haemophilia, 9, pp. 418-435Hay, C.R., The epidemiology of factor VIII inhibitors (2006) Haemophilia, 12 (SUPPL. 6), pp. 23-28. , discussion 8-9Astermark, J., Basic aspects of inhibitors to factors VIII and IX and the influence of non-genetic risk factors (2006) Haemophilia, 12 (SUPPL. 6), pp. 8-13Hay, C.R., Palmer, B., Chalmers, E., Incidence of factor VIII inhibitors throughout life in severe hemophilia A in the United Kingdom (2011) Blood, 117, pp. 6367-6370Wacey, A.I., Kemball-Cook, G., Kazazian, H.H., The haemophilia A mutation search test and resource site, home page of the factor VIII mutation database: HAMSTeRS (1996) Nucleic Acids Res, 24, pp. 100-102Green, P.M., Montandon, A.J., Ljung, R., Haemophilia B mutations in a complete Swedish population sample: A test of new strategy for the genetic counselling of diseases with high mutational heterogeneity (1991) Br J Haematol, 78, pp. 390-397Viel, K.R., Ameri, A., Abshire, T.C., Inhibitors of factor VIII in black patients with hemophilia (2009) N Engl J Med, 360, pp. 1618-1627Viel, K.R., Machiah, D.K., Warren, D.M., A sequence variation scan of the coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) structural gene and associations with plasma FVIII activity levels (2007) Blood, 109, pp. 3713-3724Santos, A., Annichino-Bizzacchi, J.M., Ozelo, M.C., Inhibitors of factor VIII in hemophilia (2009) N Engl J Med, 361, pp. 309-310. , author reply 10Oldenburg, J., Pavlova, A., (2006) Genetic risk factors for inhibitors to factors VIII and IX.Haemophilia, 12 (SUPPL. 6), pp. 15-22Goodeve, A.C., Peake, I.R., The molecular basis of hemophilia A: Genotype-phenotype relationships and inhibitor development (2003) Semin Thromb Hemost, 29, pp. 23-30Jacquemin, M., Vantomme, V., Buhot, C., CD4+ T-cell clones specific for wild-type factor VIII: A molecular mechanism responsible for a higher incidence of inhibitor formation in mild/moderate hemophilia A (2003) Blood, 101, pp. 1351-1358Kane, W.H., Davie, E.W., Cloning of a cDNA coding for human factor V, a blood coagulation factor homologous to factor VIII and ceruloplasmin (1986) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 83, pp. 6800-6804Lacroix-Desmazes, S., Repesse, Y., Kaveri, S.V., Dasgupta, S., The role of VWF in the immunogenicity of FVIII (2008) Thromb Res, 122 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S3-6Rivard, G.E., Lillicrap, D., Poon, M.C., Can activated recombinant factor VII be used to postpone the exposure of infants to factor VIII until after 2 years of age? (2005) Haemophilia, 11, pp. 335-339Hermans, C., De Moerloose, P., Fischer, K., Management of acute haemarthrosis in haemophilia A without inhibitors: Literature review, European survey and recommendations (2011) Haemophilia, 17, pp. 383-392Kurnik, K., Bidlingmaier, C., Engl, W., New early prophylaxis regimen that avoids immunological danger signals can reduce FVIII inhibitor development (2010) Haemophilia, 16, pp. 256-262Gouw, S.C., Van Den Berg, H.M., Fischer, K., Intensity of factor VIII treatment and inhibitor development in children with severe hemophilia A: The RODIN study (2013) BloodKreuz, W., Ettingshausen, C.E., Zyschka, A., Inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with hemophilia A: A prospective long-term follow-up comparing plasmaderived and recombinant products (2002) Semin Thromb Hemost, 28, pp. 285-290Santagostino, E., Mannucci, P.M., Bianchi Bonomi, A., Guidelines on replacement therapy for haemophilia and inherited coagulation disorders in Italy (2000) Haemophilia, 6, pp. 1-10Rezende, S.M., Pinheiro, K., Caram, C., Registry of inherited coagulopathies in Brazil: First report (2009) Haemophilia, 15, pp. 142-149Manco-Johnson, M.J., Abshire, T.C., Shapiro, A.D., Prophylaxis versus episodic treatment to prevent joint disease in boys with severe hemophilia (2007) N Engl J Med, 357, pp. 535-544Kruse-Jarres, R., Inhibitors: Our greatest challenge.Can we minimize the incidence? (2013) Haemophilia, 19 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 2-7Lobet, S., Detrembleur, C., Francq, B., Hermans, C., Natural progression of blood-induced joint damage in patients with haemophilia: Clinical relevance and reproducibility of threedimensional gait analysis (2010) Haemophilia, 16, pp. 813-821Leissinger, C.A., Prevention of bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: Emerging data and clinical direction (2004) Am J Hematol, 77, pp. 187-193Gringeri, A., Mantovani, L.G., Scalone, L., Cost of care and quality of life for patients with hemophilia complicated by inhibitors: The COCIS Study Group (2003) Blood, 102, pp. 2358-2363Fischer, K., Van Der Bom, J.G., Molho, P., Prophylactic versus on-demand treatment strategies for severe haemophilia: A comparison of costs and long-term outcome (2002) Haemophilia, 8, pp. 745-752Morfini, M., Haya, S., Tagariello, G., European study on orthopaedic status of haemophilia patients with inhibitors (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 606-612Soucie, J.M., Cianfrini, C., Janco, R.L., Joint range-of-motion limitations among young males with hemophilia: Prevalence and risk factors (2004) Blood, 103, pp. 2467-2473Hay, C.R., Dimichele, D.M., The principal results of the International Immune Tolerance Study: A randomized dose comparison (2012) Blood, 119, pp. 1335-1344Astermark, J., Donfield, S.M., Dimichele, D.M., A randomized comparison of bypassing agents in hemophilia complicated by an inhibitor: The FEIBA NovoSeven Comparative (FENOC) Study (2007) Blood, 109, pp. 546-551Sorensen, B., Dargaud, Y., Kenet, G., On-demand treatment of bleeds in haemophilia patients with inhibitors: Strategies for securing and maintaining predictable efficacy with recombinant activated factor VII (2012) Haemophilia, 18, pp. 255-262Kenet, G., Martinowitz, U., Single-dose recombinant activated factor VII therapy in hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2008) Semin Hematol, 45, pp. S38-41Treur, M.J., McCracken, F., Heeg, B., Efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII vs. Activated prothrombin complex concentrate for patients suffering from haemophilia complicated with inhibitors: A Bayesian meta-regression (2009) Haemophilia, 15, pp. 420-436Knight, C., Dano, A.M., Kennedy-Martin, T., Systematic review of efficacy of rFVIIa and aPCC treatment for hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2009) Adv Ther, 26, pp. 68-88Valentino, L.A., The benefits of prophylactic treatment with APCC in patients with haemophilia and high-titre inhibitors: A retrospective case series (2009) Haemophilia, 15, pp. 733-742Teitel, J., Berntorp, E., Dolan, G., A consensus statement on clinical trials of bypassing agent prophylaxis in inhibitor patients (2011) Haemophilia, 17, pp. 516-521Young, G., Auerswald, G., Jimenez-Yuste, V., When should prophylaxis therapy in inhibitor patients be considered? (2011) Haemophilia, 17, pp. e849-e857Dimichele, D., Negrier, C., A retrospective postlicensure survey of FEIBA efficacy and safety (2006) Haemophilia, 12, pp. 352-362Valentino, L.A., Assessing the benefits of FEIBA prophylaxis in haemophilia patients with inhibitors (2010) Haemophilia, 16, pp. 263-271Brackmann, H.H., Schwaab, R., Effenberger, W., Hemophilia treatment. Side effects during immune tolerance induction (2000) Haematologica, 85, pp. 75-77Young, G., McDaniel, M., Nugent, D.J., Prophylactic recombinant factor VIIa in haemophilia patients with inhibitors (2005) Haemophilia, 11, pp. 203-207Morfini, M., Auerswald, G., Kobelt, R.A., Prophylactic treatment of haemophilia patients with inhibitors: Clinical experience with recombinant factor VIIa in European Haemophilia Centres (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 502-507Jimenez-Yuste, V., Alvarez, M.T., Martin-Salces, M., Prophylaxis in 10 patients with severe haemophilia A and inhibitor: Different approaches for different clinical situations (2009) Haemophilia, 15, pp. 203-209Young, G., Auerswald, G., Jimenez-Yuste, V., PRO-PACT: Retrospective observational study on the prophylactic use of recombinant factor VIIa in hemophilia patients with inhibitors (2012) Thromb ResGupta, S., Siddiqi, A.E., Soucie, J.M., The effect of secondary prophylaxis versus episodic treatment on the range of motion of target joints in patients with haemophilia (2013) Br J Haematol, 161, pp. 424-433Carcao, M., Lambert, T., Prophylaxis in haemophilia with inhibitors: Update from international experience (2010) Haemophilia, 16 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 16-23Dimichele, D.M., Hoots, W.K., Pipe, S.W., International workshop on immune tolerance induction: Consensus recommendations (2007) Haemophilia, 13 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 1-22Lenk, H., The German Registry of immune tolerance treatment in hemophilia-1999 update (2000) Haematologica, 85, pp. 45-47Brackmann, H.H., Oldenburg, J., Schwaab, R., Immune tolerance for the treatment of factor VIII inhibitors-twenty years' 'bonn protocol' (1996) Vox Sang, 70 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 30-35Oldenburg, J., Schwaab, R., Brackmann, H.H., Induction of immune tolerance in haemophilia A inhibitor patients by the 'Bonn Protocol': Predictive parameter for therapy duration and outcome (1999) Vox Sang, 77 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 49-54Mauser-Bunschoten, E.P., Nieuwenhuis, H.K., Roosendaal, G., Van Den Berg, H.M., Low-dose immune tolerance induction in hemophilia A patients with inhibitors (1995) Blood, 86, pp. 983-988Indications and recommended doses for treating patients with factor VIII inhibitors in hemophilia A (2008) Cross-Sectional Guidelines for Therapy with Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives. Executive Committee of the German Medical Association on the Recommendation of the Scientific Advisory Board, p. 91. , German Medical AssociationCoppola, A., Margaglione, M., Santagostino, E., Factor VIII gene (F8) mutations as predictors of outcome in immune tolerance induction of hemophilia A patients with highresponding inhibitors (2009) J Thromb Haemost, 7, pp. 1809-1815Freiburghaus, C., Berntorp, E., Ekman, M., Immunoadsorption for removal of inhibitors: Update on treatments in Malmo-Lund between 1980 and 1995 (1998) Haemophilia, 4, pp. 16-20Auerswald, G., Spranger, T., Brackmann, H.H., The role of plasmaderived factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrates in the treatment of hemophilia A patients (2003) Haematologica, 88, pp. EREP05Dimichele, D., The North American Immune Tolerance Registry: Contributions to the thirty-year experience with immune tolerance therapy (2009) Haemophilia, 15, pp. 320-328Mariani, G., Ghirardini, A., Bellocco, R., Immune tolerance in hemophilia-principal results from the International Registry. Report of the factor VIII and IX Subcommittee (1994) Thromb Haemost, 72, pp. 155-158Mariani, G., Kroner, B., Immune tolerance in hemophilia with factor VIII inhibitors: Predictors of success (2001) Haematologica, 86, pp. 1186-1193Franchini, M., Mannucci, P.M., Inhibitors of propagation of coagulation (factors VIII, IX and XI): A review of current therapeutic practice (2011) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 72, pp. 553-562Greninger, D.A., Saint-Remy, J.M., Jacquemin, M., The use of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate for immune tolerance induction in haemophilia A patients with high-titre inhibitors: Association of clinical outcome with inhibitor epitope profile (2008) Haemophilia, 14, pp. 295-302Gringeri, A., Musso, R., Mazzucconi, M.G., Immune tolerance induction with a high purity von Willebrand factor/VIII complex concentrate in haemophilia A patients with inhibitors at high risk of a poor response (2007) Haemophilia, 13, pp. 373-379Kurth, M.A., Dimichele, D., Sexauer, C., Immune tolerance therapy utilizing factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate in haemophilia A patients with high titre factor VIII inhibitors (2008) Haemophilia, 14, pp. 50-55Astermark, J., Morado, M., Rocino, A., Current European practice in immune tolerance induction therapy in patients with haemophilia and inhibitors (2006) Haemophilia, 12, pp. 363-371Garvey, B., Rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune haematological disorders (2008) Br J Haematol, 141, pp. 149-169Franchini, M., Mengoli, C., Lippi, G., Immune tolerance with rituximab in congenital haemophilia with inhibitors: A systematic literature review based on individual patients' analysis (2008) Haemophilia, 14, pp. 903-912Sorensen, B., Johansen, P., Christiansen, K., Whole blood coagulation thrombelastographic profiles employing minimal tissue factor activation (2003) J Thromb Haemost, 1, pp. 551-558De Paula, E.V., Kavakli, K., Mahlangu, J., Recombinant factor VIIa analog (vatreptacog alfa [activated]) for treatment of joint bleeds in hemophilia patients with inhibitors: A randomized controlled trial (2012) J Thromb Haemost, 10, pp. 81-89Holmberg, H.L., Lauritzen, B., Tranholm, M., Ezban, M., Faster onset of effect and greater efficacy of NN1731 compared with rFVIIa, aPCC and FVIII in tail bleeding in hemophilic mice (2009) J Thromb Haemost, 7, pp. 1517-1522Moss, J., Scharling, B., Ezban, M., Moller Sorensen, T., Evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of a fast-acting recombinant FVIIa analogue, NN1731, in healthy male subjects (2009) J Thromb Haemost, 7, pp. 299-305Sorensen, B., Persson, E., Ingerslev, J., Factor VIIa analogue (V158D/E296V/M298Q-FVIIa) normalises clot formation in whole blood from patients with severe haemophilia A (2007) Br J Haematol, 137, pp. 158-165Allen, G.A., Persson, E., Campbell, R.A., A variant of recombinant factor VIIa with enhanced procoagulant and antifibrinolytic activities in an in vitro model of hemophilia (2007) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 27, pp. 683-689Mahlangu, J.N., Coetzee, M.J., Laffan, M., Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose escalation study of the rFVIIa variant BAY 86-6150 in hemophilia (2012) J Thromb Haemost, 10, pp. 773-780Karpf, D.M., Sorensen, B.B., Hermit, M.B., Prolonged halflife of glycoPEGylated rFVIIa variants compared to native rFVIIa (2011) Thromb Res, 128, pp. 191-195Sen, P., Ghosh, S., Ezban, M., Effect of glycoPEGylation on factor VIIa binding and internalization (2010) Haemophilia, 16, pp. 339-348Toschi, V., OBI-1, porcine recombinant factor VIII for the potential treatment of patients with congenital hemophilia A and alloantibodies against human Factor VIII (2010) Curr Opin Mol Ther, 12, pp. 617-625Parker, E.T., Craddock, H.N., Barrow, R.T., Lollar, P., Comparative immunogenicity of recombinant B domain-deleted porcine factor VIII and Hyate: C in hemophilia A mice presensitized to human factor VIII (2004) J Thromb Haemost, 2, pp. 605-611Kempton, C.L., Abshire, T.C., Deveras, R.A., Pharmacokinetics and safety of OBI-1, a recombinant B domain-deleted porcine factor VIII, in subjects with haemophilia A (2012) Haemophilia, 18, pp. 798-804Abshire, T.C., Brackmann, H.H., Scharrer, I., Sucrose formulated recombinant human antihemophilic factor VIII is safe and efficacious for treatment of hemophilia A in home therapy-International Kogenate-FS Study Group (2000) Thromb Haemost, 83, pp. 811-816Tarantino, M.D., Collins, P.W., Hay, C.R., Clinical evaluation of an advanced category antihaemophilic factor prepared using a plasma/albumin-free method: Pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety in previously treated patients with haemophilia A (2004) Haemophilia, 10, pp. 428-437Young, G., Cooper, D.L., Gut, R.Z., Dosing and effectiveness of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIA) in congenital haemophilia with inhibitors by bleed type and location: The experience of the Haemophilia and Thrombosis Research Society (HTRS) Registry (2004-2008) (2012) Haemophilia, 18, pp. 990-99

The ν\nu-cleus experiment: A gram-scale fiducial-volume cryogenic detector for the first detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering

We discuss a small-scale experiment, called $\nu$-cleus, for the first detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering by probing nuclear-recoil energies down to the 10 eV-regime. The detector consists of low-threshold CaWO$_4$ and Al$_2$O$_3$ calorimeter arrays with a total mass of about 10 g and several cryogenic veto detectors operated at millikelvin temperatures. Realizing a fiducial volume and a multi-element target, the detector enables active discrimination of $\gamma$, neutron and surface backgrounds. A first prototype Al$_2$O$_3$ device, operated above ground in a setup without shielding, has achieved an energy threshold of ${\sim20}$ eV and further improvements are in reach. A sensitivity study for the detection of coherent neutrino scattering at nuclear power plants shows a unique discovery potential (5$\sigma$) within a measuring time of ${\lesssim2}$ weeks. Furthermore, a site at a thermal research reactor and the use of a radioactive neutrino source are investigated. With this technology, real-time monitoring of nuclear power plants is feasible.Comment: 14 pages, 19 figure

Adnexal torsion in a patient with Müllerian agenesis undergoing ovarian stimulation: a case report

Background: As assisted reproductive technologies become increasingly available to patients, more women with Müllerian agenesis may undergo ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval to have genetically-related offspring. The risk of ovarian torsion is increased in patients utilizing assisted reproductive technologies compared to patients who do not undergo these treatments. Case: A 25-year-old G0 with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome presented to the emergency room two days after oocyte retrieval with an acute abdomen. During laparoscopy, she was found to have torsion of her left ovary. Summary and Conclusion: As more young women with Müllerian agenesis present for fertility treatment, this anatomically unique patient cohort may be at an especially high risk for ovarian torsion. Physicians should recognize this risk and counsel their patients on this risk when discussing fertility options in patients with Müllerian agenesis

Breath Stable Isotope Analysis Serves as a Non-invasive Analytical Tool to Demonstrate Dietary Changes in Adolescent Students Over Time

Concern about adolescent diets, obesity, and the associated health risks have been growing in the United States. This inspired former First Lady Michelle Obama to spearhead the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA), which made changes to the national school lunch program by increasing servings of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Our study examined the variability of student carbohydrate sources throughout the day and before and after the implementation of HHFKA using a stable isotope dietary biomarker. This method uses carbon stable isotope values of exhaled CO2 breath (δ13Cbreath) and provides a quantitative, non-invasive measure. δ13Cbreath samples were collected throughout the day from students (n = 31) that attended a public high school in Salt Lake City, UT. δ13Cbreath measurements reflected the short-term carbohydrate inputs from the previous meal. Carbohydrate sources were not consistent throughout the day; most students had their lowest inputs of corn/sugar-based carbohydrates after lunch. We compared our results with an earlier study that had been conducted pre-HHFKA. After-lunch δ13Cbreath values decreased significantly between the two time points, suggesting an increase in whole grain, fruit, and vegetable carbohydrates in the lunch program. Our results demonstrated that δ13Cbreath measurements provide a valuable tool to examine carbohydrate sources in an individual's diet throughout the day. We believe that this tool could be beneficial to studies examining the relationship between sugar sweetened beverages, added sugars, and refined carbohydrates and health outcomes like diabetes and obesity in both adolescent and adult populations.Fil: Mancuso, Christy J.. University of New Mexico. Department of Biology; Estados UnidosFil: Cornwall, Collette M.. Highland High School; Estados UnidosFil: Robinson, Swede. Highland High School; Estados UnidosFil: Valenzuela, Luciano Oscar. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Departamento de Arqueología. Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva Humana (Sede Quequén); Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ehleringer, James R.. University Of Utah. Department Of Biology; Estados Unido

Exploring the selective gray matter profile of autism spectrum disorder through Bayes Factor Modeling

INTRODUCTION: Despite decades of brain MRI research demonstrating atypical neuroanatomical substrate in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it remains unclear whether and to what extent disorder-selective neuroanatomical abnormalities occur in this spectrum. This, and the fact that multiple brain disorders report a common neuroanatomical substrate, makes transference and the application of neuroimaging findings into the clinical setting an open challenge. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the selective neuroanatomical alteration profile of the ASD brain, we employed a meta-analytic, data-driven, and reverse inference-based approach (i.e.; Bayes fACtor mOdeliNg). METHODS: Eligible voxel-based morphometry data were extracted by a standardized search on BrainMap and MEDLINE databases (849 published experiments, 131 brain disorders, 22747 clinical subjects, 16572 x-y-z coordinates). Two distinct datasets were generated: the ASD dataset, composed of ASD-related data; and the non-ASD dataset, composed of all other clinical conditions data. Starting from the two unthresholded activation likelihood estimation (ALE) maps, the calculus of the Bayes fACtor mOdeliNg was performed. This allowed us to obtain posterior probability distributions on the evidence of brain alteration specificity in ASD. RESULTS: We revealed both cortical and cerebellar areas of neuroanatomical alteration selectivity in ASD. Eight clusters showed a selectivity value ≥ 90%, namely the bilateral precuneus, the right inferior occipital gyrus, left lobule IX, left Crus II, right Crus I, and the right lobule VIIIA (Fig. 1). CONCLUSIONS: The identification of this neuroanatomical pattern provides new insights into the complex pathophysiology of ASD, opening attractive prospects for future neuroimaging-based interventions. DISCLOSURE: No significant relationships

Dendritic Spine Shape Analysis: A Clustering Perspective

Functional properties of neurons are strongly coupled with their morphology. Changes in neuronal activity alter morphological characteristics of dendritic spines. First step towards understanding the structure-function relationship is to group spines into main spine classes reported in the literature. Shape analysis of dendritic spines can help neuroscientists understand the underlying relationships. Due to unavailability of reliable automated tools, this analysis is currently performed manually which is a time-intensive and subjective task. Several studies on spine shape classification have been reported in the literature, however, there is an on-going debate on whether distinct spine shape classes exist or whether spines should be modeled through a continuum of shape variations. Another challenge is the subjectivity and bias that is introduced due to the supervised nature of classification approaches. In this paper, we aim to address these issues by presenting a clustering perspective. In this context, clustering may serve both confirmation of known patterns and discovery of new ones. We perform cluster analysis on two-photon microscopic images of spines using morphological, shape, and appearance based features and gain insights into the spine shape analysis problem. We use histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), disjunctive normal shape models (DNSM), morphological features, and intensity profile based features for cluster analysis. We use x-means to perform cluster analysis that selects the number of clusters automatically using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). For all features, this analysis produces 4 clusters and we observe the formation of at least one cluster consisting of spines which are difficult to be assigned to a known class. This observation supports the argument of intermediate shape types.Comment: Accepted for BioImageComputing workshop at ECCV 201