Repercussion of a neonatal hearing screening program on a hearing rehabilitation center

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La surdité moyenne: Étiologie, évaluation linguistique et scolaire

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Contribution of evoked potentials in the preoperative period

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Remédiation (rehabilitation) de la neuropathie auditive/Désynchronisation auditive: Expérience d’un centre de réadaptation

Despite the availability of published recommendations for the management of Auditory Neuropathy/Auditory Dyssynchrony, numerous questions remain unanswered and different opinions can still be found on the subject Moreover, the entity is characterized by an important inter- and even intra- individual variability. This makes prognosis particularly difficult The experience accumulated in our rehabilitation center comes from eleven children diagnosed at an early, pre-lingual stage and having auditory deficits ranging from moderate-severe to profound hearing loss. They have been followed-up for at least six years. The results indicate that a major determinant of the level of language development is the presence or absence of associated handicap(s), particulany neurological deficits, but also psycho-social problems and simultaneous exposure to two or more languages. Only four out of the eleven children reached a level of language development appropriate for their ages (Linguistic Quotient around 100%). None of them had an associated handicap whereas the seven others, each of them being afflicted with at least one additional handicap, achieved Linguistic Quotient values between 36 and 67 %. No correlation between the results and the level of auditory deficit or the type of prosthetic aid (amplification or cochlear implantation) was found. We still have a lot to learn about the numerous factors affecting the linguistic development of children affected with Auditory Neuropathy/Auditory Dyssynchrony. A comprehensive, international data bank as projected in chapter XVII should be of a great help in this regard.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FROM EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FOR THE CONTROL OF GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES AND PHYTOPARASITES

Background: There are over 1,500,000 species of mushrooms worldwide and approximately 20,000 of them are present in Mexico where native cultures use some species of wild mushrooms for different purposes. Among those mushroom species approximately 200 are edible, the genus Pleurotus spp the second most produced and consumed on the American continent. The production of Pleurotus spp. have had rapid development in the food industry, due to their nutraceutical and pharmacological properties, ease of growth and adaptation to the diversity of organic substrates on wich they can grow. Other edible mushrooms, such as Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), have also been used for their nutraceutical properties. Objective: The present work provides a general and updated overview of the advances in the use of the secondary metabolites of edible macromycetes and their by-products for the control of parasites in the agricultural sector. The methodological strategy used was a detailed bibliographic review in different sources such as PubMed for the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), ResearchGate, Scopus, Science direct, among others. Main findings: The review process showed that nine species of edible mushrooms exhibited in vitro nematicidal activity against parasitic nematodes of plants (Nacobbus aberrans and Meloidogyne enterolobii) and animals (Haemonchus contortus), including Pleurotus spp (P. ostreatus, P. djamor, P. eryngii, P. pulmonarius, P. cornucopiae), Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), Panus sp, Coprinus comatus and Hericium erinaceus. The antiparasitic effect has been attributed to diverse chemical compounds such as fatty acids, polyphenols and terpenes, which have been isolated from macromycetes and their by-products (degraded substrates of macromycetes). Our research group has pioneered the study of the uses and applications of secondary compounds derived from edible mushrooms and their by-products for parasite control in the agricultural sector. Conclusion: This work sought edible mushroom products with nutraceutical potential that can satisfy the demands of producers and contribute to food self-sufficiency in Mexico

In vitro Evaluation of the Nutraceutical Potential of Theobroma cacao pod Husk and Leaf Extracts for Small Ruminants

International audiencePurpose: Some agroindustrial by-products could be used as nutraceutical materials for small ruminants helping with their nutrition while controlling their gastrointestinal nematodes. This study evaluated the potential in vitro nutraceutical value of pod husks and leaves of three varieties of Theobroma cacao using two Haemonchus contortus isolates with different polyphenol susceptibility.Methods: Leaves and husks from three T. cacao varieties (AZT, CAL and CEY) were evaluated for their bromatological composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility and polyphenol content. Acetone:water extracts (70:30) of each plant variety were evaluated using the egg hatch and larval exsheathment inhibition tests, using two isolates (FESC and PARAISO) of H. contortus. Effective concentrations 50% (EC50) were determined for both tests. The role of polyphenols was confirmed using polyvinylpolypyrrolidone. L3 exposed to CAL leaf extract were submitted to transmission electron microscopy.Results: Both plant materials showed a good nutritional value to complement protein-rich diets for small ruminants. Extracts inhibited exsheathment of H. contortus L3 more effectively than the egg hatching, and the leaf extracts were more active than husk extracts in the L3 exsheathment inhibition. The FESC isolate was more sensitive to extracts. Polyphenols blocked exsheathment inhibition of leaf extracts. Structural damage was observed in the sheath and muscles of L3 exposed to CAL leaf extracts.Conclusion: The two T. cacao materials tested showed their potential to be used as ruminant feeds. Extracts affected H. contortus by blocking L3 exsheathment, particularly with the leaf extracts. The in vivo nutraceutical value should be confirmed in small ruminants