From Bauxite as a Critical Material to the Required Properties of Cast Aluminum Alloys for Use in Electro Automotive Parts

There is a long process to transform bauxite, a critical raw material, into a substance with the required properties of cast aluminum alloys for use in electro automotive parts. Thanks to its unique properties, aluminum has become the material of choice for clean technology manufacturers in applications such as use in the automotive industry, renewable energy, batteries, electrical systems, resource-saving packaging, energy efficient buildings and clean mobility. Restructuring of the economy, the oil crisis, air pollution and global warming are some of the factors that have moved the automotive industry towards electrification since the beginning of the 21st century. This paper aims to highlight the required properties of cast aluminum alloys applied to the production of electro automotive parts, such as their mechanical and thermophysical properties, dimensional stability, corrosion resistance, electromagnetic compatibility and crashworthiness. Furthermore, this paper discusses which of the cast aluminum–silicon alloys, as well as the heat treatments and casting processes, are most suitable

Rationalization of a Core Warehouse in the Casting Plant: A Case Study

The warehouse is an important factor in the manufacturing process. At present, there are constant demands for the more efficient and effective operation of warehouse systems. For this reason, the rationalization of existing warehouses and/or storage systems is one of the ways to achieve the previously set targets. The possibilities of rationalization are numerous in all segments of the observed system. The most suitable solutions for a particular warehouse will be found based on the nature of the observed problem and the available investment funds. The paper defines the place and the role of the warehouse in a casting plant. Besides, the current situation in the warehouse segment of casting plants is analyzed to identify problems. Finally, the development of different concepts of rationalization to relevant constraints is discussed. This approach has enabled us to solve the problem of the rationalization task and to produce the desired effects

Quantification of Feeding Regions of Hypoeutectic Al-(5, 7, 9)Si-(0-4)Cu (wt.%) Alloys Using Cooling Curve Analysis

This chapter presents the potential of the cooling curve analysis to characterize the solidification path of the cast hypoeutectic series of Al-Si-Cu alloys and to quantify their feeding regions. The aim of this work is to examine how variations in the chemical composition of Si (5, 7 and 9 wt.%) and Cu (from 0 to 4 wt.%) might affect the characteristic solidification temperatures, their corresponding fraction solid, and feeding regions of investigated alloys. These parameters collected from the cooling curve analysis can be used for better understanding of the solidification paths of Al-Si-Cu alloys and could easily be incorporated into existing simulation software packages to improve their accuracy

Impact of major alloying elements on the solodification parameters of cast hypoeutectic AlSi6Cu (1–4 wt.%) and AlSi8Cu(1−4 wt.%) alloys

The present work displays the potential of cooling curve analysis to characterize the solidification path of cast hypoeutectic series of Al-Si6-Cu(1−4 wt.%) and Al-Si8- Cu(1−4 wt.%) alloys. The aim of this work was to examine how variation in chemical composition of silicon and copper may affect characteristic solidification temperatures, fraction solid, and thermal freezing range of investigated alloys. Eight different Al−Si−Cu alloys (Al-Si6-Cu1, Al-Si6-Cu2, Al-Si6-Cu3, Al-Si6-Cu4, Al-Si8-Cu1, AlSi8-Cu2, Al-Si8-Cu3 and Al-Si8-Cu4) have been analyzed applying cooling curve analysis technique. Characteristic solidification temperatures have been determined using cooling curves or their corresponding first derivative curves along with ΔT curves. Fraction solid curves determined from recorded cooling curves have been used to calculate terminal freezing range and estimate crack susceptibility coefficient for each alloy. Theoretical mode for prediction of the cracking susceptibility coefficient developed by Clyne and Davies has been considered in this work. In addition, a novel mathematical model for prediction of crack susceptibility coefficient based on data collected from cooling curve analysis has been proposed. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metmateng1404235

Application of CAD/CAE/CAM Systems in Permanent-Mold Casting Improvement

This paper presents the application of CAD/CAE/CAM systems at the improvement of the manufacturing the flotation balls for grinding ore. Flotation balls need to satisfy the appropriate requirements in terms of dimensional, chemical, mechanical and physical properties. These properties are directly related to technology of ball manufacturing, in this case - permanent-mold casting technology. Software tolls from the group of CAD/CAE/CAM systems were used for designing the casting parts, casting and feeding systems, mold and simulation of permanent-mold casting process. Based on results of casting process simulation the casting process in real industrial conditions was realized. After the casting process, testing of casting parts has been performed. The testing gave satisfactory results, so the presented methodology, based on CAD/CAE/CAM systems, is acceptable for manufacturing program in foundry

Evaluation of adsorption performance of phosphates removal using cell‐mg hybrid adsorbent

Abstract: Due to the high accumulation of nutrients in water (primarily phosphates) because of increased use of fertilizers and plant protection products, it is necessary to apply various techniques for their detection, and then removal. Adsorption is one of the promising techniques to removing them. Magnetite (MG) modified cellulose membrane (Cell-MG), obtained by reaction of 3-aminosilane and subsequently with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid dianhydride functionalized waste Cell fibers (Cell-NH2 and Cell-DTPA, respectively), and amino-modified diatomite was used for phosphate ions removal from water. Cell-MG membrane was structurally and morphologically characterized using SEM and TEM techniques. The influences of operational parameters, i.e. pH, contact time, temperature, and the mass of adsorbent on adsorption and kinetics were studied in a batch system. The calculated capacities of 79.08 mg/g at 45 °C for phosphate ions were obtained from non-linear Langmuir model fitting. The reusability of adsorbent and results from wastewater purification showed that Cell-MG could be used as general-purpose adsorbent. Based on the kinetic studies the adsorption process follow the pseudo second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous

Развој и имплементацијa управљачког система отворене архитектуре на вишеосном обрадном центру за обраду дрвета

Техничко решење припада области управљачких система нумерички управљаних машина алатки имплементираних на бази софтверских алата и хардвера отворене архитектуре, применом метода виртуелног пројектовања (virtual commissioning). Верификован је нов приступ развоју управљања машина алатки са сложеном кинематичком структуром и редундантним осама, применом парадигме дигиталног двојника (Digital Twin). Показана је могућност грешком вођеног развоја система управљања (error driven development), без импликација на реалну машину алатку. Основну суштину предметног техничког решења представља развој и имплементација управљачког система на бази софтвера и хардвера отворене архитектуре у циљу ревитализације вишеосног обрадног центра Bacci MX6 за обраду дрвета. Развојем је верификована метода виртуелног пројектовања, која је омогућила развој вођен грешком без негативних импликација на реалну машину уз повећање ефикасности и продуктивности развојног тима

Identification of Phases Formed by Cu and Ni in Al?Si Piston Alloys

This paper presents the results of identifying and analyzing the phases present in the microstructure of 4 aluminum piston alloys with different chemical composition. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the microstructure of the samples and EDS analysis was used to identify thecomposition of the phases. The phase stoichiometry was identified by comparing the results of EDS analysis with the results reported in the studied literature. The results show that different intermetallic phases can appear depending on the chemical composition of the microstructure of aluminum piston alloys

CASTING IMPROVEMENT BASED ON METAHEURISTIC OPTIMIZATION AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION

This paper presents the use of metaheuristic optimization techniques to support the improvement of casting process. Genetic algorithm (GA), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Simulated annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have been considered as optimization tools to define the geometry of the casting part’s feeder. The proposed methodology has been demonstrated in the design of the feeder for casting Pelton turbine bucket. The results of the optimization are dimensional characteristics of the feeder, and the best result from all the implemented optimization processes has been adopted. Numerical simulation has been used to verify the validity of the presented design methodology and the feeding system optimization in the casting system of the Pelton turbine bucket

Removal of mesotrione by heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment using uv-vis lamp as light source

Population growth, the development of agriculture, industry, and mining, caused the creation of an increasing amount of wastewater. Due to the discharge of wastewater, without prior treatment, the quality of water resources is impaired. Polluting substances, such as pesticides, have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Heavy pollution of both surface and underground water is one of the biggest problems associated with the use of pesticides. They reach human organisms indirectly via agricultural products. Most pesticides are more or less toxic, some of them are highly soluble in water. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the development of methods for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with pesticide residues, in order to partially reduce or eliminate their further impact on humans, plants, and the environment. Among many processes, the photocatalytic degradation process has proven to be a very effective process for the removal of pesticides from wastewater. Photocatalytic degradation implies the breakdown of various types of toxic organic substances into simpler molecules, such as ions, water, etc. In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of the pesticide mesotrione (MS) using ZnO photocatalyst is presented. The degradation of the pesticide compound was studied using Shimadzu 1800 analytical UV-VIS spectroscopy. As a replacement for UVC radiation, a solar-imitated irradiation Ultra Vitalux (UV) lamp (300W) was used. Degradation kinetics follows pseudo-first order. After 240 minutes, the MS was completely degraded