Utilization of Green Tea Extract on Anti-aging Cream with Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) and Tertiary Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ): Physical Stability Aspect

Green tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) is a potent natural ingredient with flavonoid content that can be used as an antioxidant and anti-aging for skincare products. The formula containing green tea extract is usually formulated as oil in water emulsion or cream. The active components of green tea are catechins which are characterized as less stable against oxidation. Therefore, it is needed to add other antioxidants such as ButylatedHydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Tertiary–Butyl Hydroquinone (TBHQ) to protect the product from degradation. The aim of this study was to obtain a physically stable antiaging cream formula. Each formula was tested for physical stability by measuring several variables including organoleptic, pH, relative density, viscosity, and flow properties, as well as droplet size. Accelerated stability testing is carried out for 3 mo at 40 °C and 75 % relative humidity. The results found that cream with the BHT formula is more stable than the TBHQ formula in terms of the parameters of density and droplet size. While the TBHQ formula only gave better stability in pH, the other variables from both formulas remain stable in 3 mo. It can be concluded that the green tea extract cream with BHT antioxidant is more stable than the TBHQ

Formulation of a Synbiotic Beverage Based on Red Bean with Addition of Inulin Dahlia Tuber

This study aims to determine the effect of adding inulin to synbiotic beverage chemical and organoleptic properties. The study consisted of two stages, the first stage was the isolation of inulin from dahlia tubers and the second stage was the manufacture of synbiotic beverage. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one factor, namely the concentration of dahlia tuber inulin added with a concentration level of 0 %, 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %. One-factor research with two replications has ten experimental units with research variables: qualitative dahlia tuber inulin, synbiotic beverage water content, ash content, lipid content, protein content, fiber content, and organoleptic tests. The addition of inulin significantly affected the chemical variables of ash, lipid, protein, and fiber, and organoleptic variables of aroma, texture, colour, and taste. The best treatment results from this study were F0 treatment with the addition of 1 % inulin concentration resulting in 85 % water content, 0.14 % ash content, 3.58 % protein content, 0.32 % lipid content, and 1.76 % fiber content. The best treatment organoleptic results were 4.96 % aroma variables, 5.20 % texture, 4.96 % colour, and 4.60 % taste variables

Formulation of a Synbiotic Beverage Based on Red Bean with Addition of Inulin Dahlia Tuber

This study aims to determine the effect of adding inulin to synbiotic beverage chemical and organoleptic properties. The study consisted of two stages, the first stage was the isolation of inulin from dahlia tubers and the second stage was the manufacture of synbiotic beverage. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with one factor, namely the concentration of dahlia tuber inulin added with a concentration level of 0 %, 1 %, 3 %, 5 %, and 7 %. One-factor research with two replications has ten experimental units with research variables: qualitative dahlia tuber inulin, synbiotic beverage water content, ash content, lipid content, protein content, fiber content, and organoleptic tests. The addition of inulin significantly affected the chemical variables of ash, lipid, protein, and fiber, and organoleptic variables of aroma, texture, colour, and taste. The best treatment results from this study were F0 treatment with the addition of 1 % inulin concentration resulting in 85 % water content, 0.14 % ash content, 3.58 % protein content, 0.32 % lipid content, and 1.76 % fiber content. The best treatment organoleptic results were 4.96 % aroma variables, 5.20 % texture, 4.96 % colour, and 4.60 % taste variables

Metabolite Profiling of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Following Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Infection

Black rice as a functional food contains a high anthocyanin content, which functions as an antioxidant. However, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has resulted in a reduction in yield. Black rice has been reported to have a higher resistance to BLB than white rice cultivars. This study aimed to determine the metabolite responses of two black rice cultivars, �Melik' and �Pari Ireng', compared to two white rice cultivars, �IR64' and �Java14', after infection with Xoo pathotype IV and mock negative control. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was used for the metabolite profiling analysis, followed by the quantification of total phenolic concentration (TPC) and total flavonoid concentration (TFC). Across all cultivars, the results revealed that following Xoo infection, there were significantly higher concentrations of primary metabolites including sugars, sugar alcohols, fatty acids, glycerol, and some organic acids. In �Pari Ireng' and �Melik' cultivars, sugars including fructose, and gluco-hexodialdose were significantly higher than the white cultivars following the infection. The infection significantly increased the TPC of all cultivars. �Java 14� contained the highest TPC while �Pari Ireng� was observed as cultivars with the highest TFC. These results suggested that pigmented rice cultivars possess a different chemical defense strategy from the white ones to respond to Xoo infection. © 2021 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All Rights Reserved

Mass Production of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. Root Cultures in Indonesia

Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. is one of the most well-known plants in traditional medicine that contains bioactive compounds called ginsenosides. It is widely used as raw material in many pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia. However, to supply for this purpose, they still rely on imports. PT. Kalbe Farma (through its subsidiary, PT. Bintang Toedjoe), University of Surabaya (Ubaya), and Hanbang-Bio Laboratory (holding company of Kyung Hee University) established the Kalbe Ubaya Hanbang-Bio Laboratory (KUH Lab), a collaboration initiated to achieve the independence of raw materials. This laboratory is devoted to developing the plant tissue culture protocol for the mass production of P. ginseng root cultures. This paper is the first report of in vitro P. ginseng culture in Indonesia. The initial stage of the mass production focused on optimizing the culture conditions: inoculum weight (100 g, 150 g, 200 g), medium volume (12 L, 13 L, 14 L), medium formulation (“A”, “B”), and incubation temperature (15 °C to 20 °C and 21°C to 25 °C). Based on the biomass yield and ginsenosides content, it was concluded that the optimum growth condition was 150 g of the initial inoculum grown in 13 L of media using formulation B and incubation at 21°C to 25 °C. In the long-term, KUH Lab aims to produce P. ginseng on an industrial scale to sufficiently supply the demands for P. ginseng in the country. Furthermore, this laboratory also intends to make standardized Indonesian herbal materials by using plant tissue culture

Food Waste Product for Overcoming Heat Stress in Broilers

Broiler farms in tropical areas have to deal with heat stress. Dried rice, a waste recycle product cheaper than corn, contains resistant starch that is mostly excluded from calorie-emanating metabolism yet advantageous for digestion. This study analyzes its potential to function as heat stress suppressor. Employing completely randomized design of three treatments in five repetitions, variables observed were panting frequency, heart weight, and blood profiles (leukocyte, heterophile, lymphocyte, and H:L ratio). The data gained were run through ANOVA, followed by LSD. T1 was of 100 % basal feed, T2 20 % dried rice spread atop 80 % basal feed, and T3 20 % dried rice thoroughly mixed with 80 % basal feed. The lowest panting frequency was of T2 (2.7 s −1 ), significantly different from T3 (2.9 s−1 ) and T1 (3.1 s −1 ). The lowest heart weight was also of T2 (0.44 mg 100 g −1 ), followed by T3 (0.49 mg 100 g −1 ) and T1 (0.57 mg 100 g −1 ). As of blood properties, the lowest H:L ratio was of T1 (0.22), significantly different from T3 (0.47) and T2 (0.59). To sum it up, dried rice is influential in relieving heat stress in broiler

Evaluation of Coffee Pulp Waste from Coffee Cultivation Areas in Indonesia as Iron Booster

The research aimed to reduce the amount of coffee pulp (CP) as a pollutant and turn it into Coffee Cherry Fluor (CCF) as a functional food. CCF is expected to serve a function as a non-heme iron source to treat anemia. Further, reusing CP should be able to boost the circulation of economy. Six CP samples from three Arabica coffee areas (highlands of Mount Batur, Mount Ijen, and Mount Arjuno) in Indonesia were compared to La Boite CCF, a commercial product made in Brazil. Variables observed were iron contents which is determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer, vitamin C contents as enhancers by Iodimetric titration, total phenol contents as inhibitors by Folin-Ciocalteu method, tannin contents by spectrophotometry method, lignin contents by Van Soest method, total plant count by ISO 4833-1, and antioxidant capacity by IC 50 in the DPPH scavenging assay. Sample disparity significance was statistically determined by ANOVA, followed by Tukey test at 95 %. Sample resemblance with La Boite CCF was tested using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and then presented in Heat Map. Conclusively, Mengani CCF and Mengani CP Estate samples are similar to La Boite CCF regarding vitamin C and inhibitor contents. It is suggested to reduce the temperature of the artificial drying device in Mengani. Further research should cover heavy metal contents, proximate analysis, and the detail of amino acid contents as research observed variables; expanding this research in vivo to study non-heme Fe's bioavailability should also be conducted