ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGETIC AND EXERGETIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC DRYING PROCESS

International audienceDrying is an energy intensive unit operation encountered in many industrial sectors, especially in the food industry. Still over 85% of industrial dryers are convective type. Electrohydrodynamic convective drying (EHD drying) is a novel drying method used to enhance forced convection drying by using electrodes to create an electrostatic field and generate an electric wind. This latter may alter the boundary layer and enhance the heat and mass transfer. In this study, experiments were performed to analyze the drying kinetics during EHD and forced convection (FC) drying experiments. Transient energy and exergy efficiencies expressions were discussed, proposed and computed for each experiment. With airflow of 0.3 m/s in the case of EHD configurations, similar drying rates than FC at 1.0-2.0 m/s can be achieved. Moreover, it leaded to greater energy efficiency (x5) and it was confirmed, using exergy efficiency concept, that EHD better used energy than FC

Risques et informations dans le suivi de la grossesse: droit, éthique et pratiques sociales

Aujourd'hui, le vécu de la grossesse est exemplaire des relations, souvent complexes, parfois conflictuelles, entre la médecine et le droit autour de l'anticipation des risques. Cet ouvrage se propose d'analyser les enjeux juridiques, éthiques et sociologiques de l'information sur les risques, qui joue un rôle central et ambivalent dans les interactions entre femmes enceintes et professionnels de la santé. Dans la première partie, l'examen des normes régissant les analyses prénatales permet de définir les contours du devoir d'information et de la responsabilité du médecin. La deuxième partie, fondée sur le vécu des femmes enceintes et des professionnels de la santé, cerne les attentes et les tensions relatives à l'information et à la gestion des risques. A travers un dialogue entre le droit, la sociologie et l'éthique médicale, la troisième partie vise à interroger la régulation des activités médicales. Cette recherche a été dirigée par trois professeures de l'Université de Genève: Dominique Manaï, spécialiste en droit médical, Claudine Burton-Jeangros, sociologue de la santé, et Bernice Elger, médecin et bioéthicienne

ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGETIC AND EXERGETIC EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTROHYDRODYNAMIC DRYING PROCESS

International audienceDrying is an energy intensive unit operation encountered in many industrial sectors, especially in the food industry. Still over 85% of industrial dryers are convective type. Electrohydrodynamic convective drying (EHD drying) is a novel drying method used to enhance forced convection drying by using electrodes to create an electrostatic field and generate an electric wind. This latter may alter the boundary layer and enhance the heat and mass transfer. In this study, experiments were performed to analyze the drying kinetics during EHD and forced convection (FC) drying experiments. Transient energy and exergy efficiencies expressions were discussed, proposed and computed for each experiment. With airflow of 0.3 m/s in the case of EHD configurations, similar drying rates than FC at 1.0-2.0 m/s can be achieved. Moreover, it leaded to greater energy efficiency (x5) and it was confirmed, using exergy efficiency concept, that EHD better used energy than FC

Optimizing healthy food preferences by serious gaming

Health and self-regulatio

Effects of Systematic Screening and Detection of Child Abuse in Emergency Departments

OBJECTIVE: Although systematic screening for child abuse of children presenting at emergency departments might increase the detection rate, studies to support this are scarce. This study investigates whether introducing screening, and training of emergency department nurses, increases the detection rate of child abuse. METHODS: In an intervention cohort study, children aged 0 to 18 years visiting the emergency departments of 7 hospitals between February 2008 and December 2009 were enrolled. We developed a screening checklist for child abuse (the "Escape Form") and training sessions for nurses; these were implemented by using an interrupted time-series design. Cases of suspected child abuse were determined by an expert panel using predefined criteria. The effect of the interventions on the screening rate for child abuse was calculated by interrupted time-series analyses and by the odds ratios for detection of child abuse in screened children. RESULTS: A total of 104 028 children aged 18 years or younger were included. The screening rate increased from 20% in February 2008 to 67% in December 2009. Significant trend changes were observed after training the nurses and after the legal requirement of screening by the Dutch Health Care Inspectorate in 2009. The detection rate in children screened for child abuse was 5 times higher than that in children not screened (0.5% vs 0.1%, P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that systematic screening for child abuse in emergency departments is effective in increasing the detection of suspected child abuse. Both a legal requirement and staff training are recommended to significantly increase the extent of screening. Pediatrics 2012; 130: 457-46