Targets for the prevention of comorbidity of cardiovascular and cancer diseases

Cardiovascular and cancer diseases are an urgent problem in medicine due to their high prevalence and adult mortality throughout the world. The review article discusses important aspects of the comorbidity of cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In particular, epidemiological aspects and general risk factors are analyzed. Modern view on the main issues of primary and secondary prevention of the combination of these diseases is presented

Самопрезентация социологии в научном знании

The article considers some methodological foundations of social cognition, socio-cultural and theoretical foundations of social science; defines a clear position in the sociology of science, criticizes the positivist’s approach to the analysis of the methods of sociology; epistemologically analyze such theoretical constructs, which formed the basis of modern sociological knowledge. The article posits the importance of theoretical knowledge in sociology and its philosophical and methodological foundations. Author explains the integrity of the science of sociology, it differs from simple empiricism. Here we describe the theory of Comte and Spencer, the theory of the scientific revolution Koyre, Kuhn’s theory of sciense paradigm and influence of these theories on the development of sociology (and their limitations). The author examines the methodological principles of postpositivism in the social sciences and social cognition in general and describes fenomenology and essential theories.В статье рассматриваются методологические основы социального познания, социокультурные и теоретические основания социальной науки; определяется место социологии в системе наук, проводится критика позитивистского подхода к анализу методов социологии; осуществляется эпистемологический анализ теоретических конструктов, послуживших основой современного социологического знания. Постулируется необходимость теоретического знания в социологии, ее философских и методологических оснований. Обосновывается общность социологической науки, ее отличие от простой эмпирики. Раскрываются теоретические подходы О. Конта и Г. Спенсера, концепция научной революции А. Койре, теория парадигм Т. Куна и их влияние (и ограниченность) на развитие социологической науки. Исследуются методологические принципы постпозитивистского подхода к социальным наукам и социальному познанию в целом. Описываются феноменологистичные и сущностные теории

Информационное общество: новая онтология социального неравенства

In this article we formulated the idea that in the information society that is based on the productive resources such as knowledge and information, there is a latent extension of social inequality. This is caused by the availability of information and the availability of its attributive qualities as inexhaustible, infinite, “nepotreblyaemost’” that systematically associated with different properties (selectivity, selectivity). On this basis, in the information society belonging to the upper class for the first time begins to be determined in terms of the new criteria - intelligence, creativity and brilliance of the personal principle.В настоящей статье формулируется идея, согласно которой в информационном обществе, которое основано на таком производственном ресурсе, как знание и информация, происходит латентное расширение социального неравенства. Последнее обусловлено доступностью информации, а также наличием таких ее атрибутивных качеств, как неистощимость, бесконечность, непотребляемость, которые системно связаны с иными свойствами (например, с избирательностью, селективностью). В результате в информационном обществе принадлежность к высшему классу впервые начинает определяться с точки зрения новых критериев - интеллекта, креативности и яркости личностного начала

The indisputable value of ultrasound diagnostics in acute small bowel obstruction

The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute small bowel obstruction is justified from a tactical point of view, since it is not delayed in time, does not weigh down the patient's condition, has sufficient information and does not carry radiation load. Due to its safety and ease of use, this technique can be used repeatedly in the process of conservative treatment to determine further treatment tactics

Opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional superconductor due to critical thermal fluctuations

We examine the role of the anisotropy of superconducting critical thermal fluctuations in the opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional superconductor such as a cuprate-oxide high-temperature superconductor. When the anisotropy between planes and their perpendicular axis is large enough and its superconducting critical temperature T_c is high enough, the fluctuations are much developed in its critical region so that lifetime widths of quasiparticles are large and the energy dependence of the selfenergy deviates from that of Landau's normal Fermi liquids. A pseudogap opens in such a critical region because quasiparticle spectra around the chemical potential are swept away due to the large lifetime widths. The pseudogap never smoothly evolves into a superconducting gap; it starts to open at a temperature higher than T_c while the superconducting gap starts to open just at T_c. When T_c is rather low but the ratio of varepsilon_G(0)/k_BT_c, with varepsilon_G(0) the superconducting gap at T=0K and k_B the Boltzmann constant, is much larger than a value about 4 according to the mean-field theory, the pseudogap must be closing as temperature T approaches to the low T_c because thermal fluctuations become less developed as T decreases. Critical thermal fluctuations cannot cause the opening of a prominent pseudogap in an almost isotropic three dimensional superconductor, even if its T_c is high.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures (14 subfigures

Pressure Raman effects and internal stress in network glasses

Raman scattering from binary GexSe1-x glasses under hydrostatic pressure shows onset of a steady increase in the frequency of modes of corner-sharing GeSe4 tetrahedral units when the external pressure P exceeds a threshold value Pc. The threshold pressure Pc(x) decreases with x in the 0.15 < x < 0.20 range, nearly vanishes in the 0.20 < x < 0.25 range, and then increases in the 0.25 < x < 1/3 range. These Pc(x) trends closely track those in the non-reversing enthalpy, DHnr(x), near glass transitions (Tgs), and in particular, both DHnr(x) and Pc(x) vanish in the reversibility window (0.20 < x < 0.25). It is suggested that Pc provides a measure of stress at the Raman active units; and its vanishing in the reversibility window suggests that these units are part of an isostatically rigid backbone. Isostaticity also accounts for the non-aging behavior of glasses observed in the reversibility window

Оценка эффективности комбинированного применения способов профилактики несостоятельности швов кишечных анастомозов

Цель. Изучение эффективности комбинации различных способов профилактики несостоятельности швов кишечных анастомозов (НШКА) у больных после плановой, экстренной и неотложной резекции различных сегментов кишечника. Материалы и методы. Изучено результаты лечения 642 больных, которым выполнена резекция различных сегментов тонкой и толстой кишок с наложением первичных анастомозов. Из 642 больных 357 (55,6%) оперированы в плановом порядке, 285 (44,4%) - по неотложным и экстренным показаниям. У 467 (72,7%) больных наложены анастомозы по типу бок в бок, у 150 (23,4%) - по типу конец в конец, у 25 (3,8%) - по типу конец в бок. С целью профилактики НШКА выполняли перманентную внутрибрыжеечную блокаду, проводили лимфотропную терапию, местную лазеромагнитотерапию, интубационную декомпрессию, санацию и гастроэнтеросорбцию с полифепаном, а также внутримышечно вводили человеческий плацентарный гидролизат «Laennec». Результаты. НШКА наблюдали у 10 (1,6%) больных: у 6 (4,0%) - с анастомозами конец в конец и у 4 (0,86%) - с анастомозами бок в бок. Несостоятельными были 1 (10%) тонко-толстокишечный анастомоз, 2 (20%) тонко-тонкокишечных и 7 (70%) толсто-толстокишечных анастомозов. Выводы. С целью профилактики НШКА у больных, оперированных в неотложном, экстренном и плановом порядке, рекомендуется использовать по показаниям перманентную внутрибрыжеечную (забрюшинную) блокаду с лимфотропной терапией, местную лазеромагнитотерапию, интубационную декомпрессию, санацию и гастроэнтеросорбцию с полифепаном, а также препарат «Laennec

Homo Ludens in the post-truth game world

The article analyses the characteristics of the phenomenon of post-truth as a term denoting a radical transformation of the media, that abandoned freedom of speech and objectivity of information in favour of the geopolitical interests of the West, considers the content of the concept of &quot;post-truth&quot; in modern scientific discourse; it is noted that the entry of civilisation into the era of mastering information as a leading source requires the scientific community to comprehend the problems associated with the finiteness of the connection between the semantic volumes of public information and reality, that is reflected in the phenomenon of post-truth. The authors explore the origins of this phenomenon, that fully manifested itself only in the first decades of the 21st century and is associated with the communication &quot;explosion&quot; and the information revolution, that elevated information to the rank of a new global resource. The fragmentation of the perception of reality in the phenomenon of post-truth acts as a means of protecting the human psyche from information overproduction, where information is used as a tool for implementing the geopolitical interests of the collective West, that owns the lion's share of the world media. The authors are not inclined to identify post-truth solely with false information and suggest considering it as the result of practical assimilation and multidirectional understanding by society of the multiplicity of realities naturally inherent in human beings. The article presents ways of conceptual consideration of the phenomenon of post-truth in the framework of correlating various historically significant evolutionary states of an individual, differing in the motivation of communicative activity. Four such states (Homo Mythicus, Homo Ludens, Homo Historicus, Homo Novus) are consistently demonstrated by the conditions of social development, but there is no clear idea to which of these types a person of a particular historical period or socio-political group can be attributed to. Post-truth is considered by the authors as a systemic phenomenon, that is a consequence of the relationship between the elements of three social processes. These include: a) gamification of existence, requiring the individual to participate in everyday experience of the plurality of surrounding realities; b) neuroticisation of social life due to high information pressure; c) the transformation of the media, that is expressed in the increased interdependence of the functions of information, entertainment and ideological influence. The authors propose a method for analysing post-truth addressees through the correlation of historically significant evolutionary states of an individual, that differ in the way of motivating communicative activity