Energy States of Colored Particle in a Chromomagnetic Field

The unitary transformation, which diagonalizes squared Dirac equation in a constant chromomagnetic field is found. Applying this transformation, we find the eigenfunctions of diagonalized Hamiltonian, that describe the states with definite value of energy and call them energy states. It is pointed out that, the energy states are determined by the color interaction term of the particle with the background chromofield and this term is responsible for the splitting of the energy spectrum. We construct supercharge operators for the diagonal Hamiltonian, that ensure the superpartner property of the energy states.Comment: 25 pages, some calculation details have been removed, typos correcte

The indisputable value of ultrasound diagnostics in acute small bowel obstruction

The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute small bowel obstruction is justified from a tactical point of view, since it is not delayed in time, does not weigh down the patient's condition, has sufficient information and does not carry radiation load. Due to its safety and ease of use, this technique can be used repeatedly in the process of conservative treatment to determine further treatment tactics

Condensation of 4-hydroxy-2-thiazolines with 1,2-phenylenediamine as a novel effective route to thiazolo[3,4-a]quinoxalines

Thiazolo[3,4-a]quinoxalin-4-ones were prepared in two steps starting from methyl phenylchloropyruvate using a new strategy for the construction of the ring system. A key step in this new method involves the reaction of 4-hydroxytetrahydrothiazoles with 1,2-phenylendiamines

Study of regularities on how drilling cuttings block pores and fractures of oil-bearing formation

Regularities on how drilling cuttings block pores and fractures of oil-bearing formation are studied. There are complex physical and chemical processes at well bottomhole occur during entering oil-bearing formation by rotary or rope drilling. That is caused by quality of drilling fluid, intensity of washing, rotation of a drill string, presence of cuttings at bottomhole and a drilling technique. There are hydraulic impulse effects with alternating signs in bottomhole formation zone appear during rope drilling that have a significant impact on quality of work. Underestimation of mentioned factors during entering oil-bearing reservoirs leads to decrease in permeability of oil rocks and well production rate. A clear understanding of physical and chemical processes at bottomhole while entering oil-bearing reservoirs and management of these processes allow to avoid reduce in conductivity of reservoir rocks to a large extent and intensify it in some cases. The main conditions to increase efficiency of oil wells drilling are application of such methods of entering and development of an oil-bearing reservoir that ensure preservation of its natural porosity and permeability or contribute to their increase in bottomhole part of a well. Physical and chemical parameters of oil-bearing formation are the governing factor while choosing its entering and development technology. In recent years, great attention has been paid to issues of entering and development oil reservoirs. Parameters such as geological and physical properties of a reservoir, physical and chemical properties of reservoir oil, rocks and washing liquid, hydrodynamic interaction in an "oil reservoir-well" system are not considered enough in a number of cases during entering and development of a formation. That often leads to incorrect conclusions about a possibility to use actual reserves for needs of national economy. Drilling of oil-bearing formations is a technological process, which create a bore hole in a productive oil-bearing formation for equipment of oil part of a well. Bringing a well on production include technological operations that provide installation of equipment into an oil part of a well and restoration of natural oil permeability of a formation or its artificial increase to achieve maximum production rate of a well

Unoccupied Topological States on Bismuth Chalcogenides

The unoccupied part of the band structure of topological insulators Bi$_2$Te$_{x}$Se$_{3-x}$ ($x=0,2,3$) is studied by angle-resolved two-photon photoemission and density functional theory. For all surfaces linearly-dispersing surface states are found at the center of the surface Brillouin zone at energies around 1.3 eV above the Fermi level. Theoretical analysis shows that this feature appears in a spin-orbit-interaction induced and inverted local energy gap. This inversion is insensitive to variation of electronic and structural parameters in Bi$_2$Se$_3$ and Bi$_2$Te$_2$Se. In Bi$_2$Te$_3$ small structural variations can change the character of the local energy gap depending on which an unoccupied Dirac state does or does not exist. Circular dichroism measurements confirm the expected spin texture. From these findings we assign the observed state to an unoccupied topological surface state

Opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional superconductor due to critical thermal fluctuations

We examine the role of the anisotropy of superconducting critical thermal fluctuations in the opening of a pseudogap in a quasi-two dimensional superconductor such as a cuprate-oxide high-temperature superconductor. When the anisotropy between planes and their perpendicular axis is large enough and its superconducting critical temperature T_c is high enough, the fluctuations are much developed in its critical region so that lifetime widths of quasiparticles are large and the energy dependence of the selfenergy deviates from that of Landau's normal Fermi liquids. A pseudogap opens in such a critical region because quasiparticle spectra around the chemical potential are swept away due to the large lifetime widths. The pseudogap never smoothly evolves into a superconducting gap; it starts to open at a temperature higher than T_c while the superconducting gap starts to open just at T_c. When T_c is rather low but the ratio of varepsilon_G(0)/k_BT_c, with varepsilon_G(0) the superconducting gap at T=0K and k_B the Boltzmann constant, is much larger than a value about 4 according to the mean-field theory, the pseudogap must be closing as temperature T approaches to the low T_c because thermal fluctuations become less developed as T decreases. Critical thermal fluctuations cannot cause the opening of a prominent pseudogap in an almost isotropic three dimensional superconductor, even if its T_c is high.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures (14 subfigures

Оценка эффективности комбинированного применения способов профилактики несостоятельности швов кишечных анастомозов

Цель. Изучение эффективности комбинации различных способов профилактики несостоятельности швов кишечных анастомозов (НШКА) у больных после плановой, экстренной и неотложной резекции различных сегментов кишечника. Материалы и методы. Изучено результаты лечения 642 больных, которым выполнена резекция различных сегментов тонкой и толстой кишок с наложением первичных анастомозов. Из 642 больных 357 (55,6%) оперированы в плановом порядке, 285 (44,4%) - по неотложным и экстренным показаниям. У 467 (72,7%) больных наложены анастомозы по типу бок в бок, у 150 (23,4%) - по типу конец в конец, у 25 (3,8%) - по типу конец в бок. С целью профилактики НШКА выполняли перманентную внутрибрыжеечную блокаду, проводили лимфотропную терапию, местную лазеромагнитотерапию, интубационную декомпрессию, санацию и гастроэнтеросорбцию с полифепаном, а также внутримышечно вводили человеческий плацентарный гидролизат «Laennec». Результаты. НШКА наблюдали у 10 (1,6%) больных: у 6 (4,0%) - с анастомозами конец в конец и у 4 (0,86%) - с анастомозами бок в бок. Несостоятельными были 1 (10%) тонко-толстокишечный анастомоз, 2 (20%) тонко-тонкокишечных и 7 (70%) толсто-толстокишечных анастомозов. Выводы. С целью профилактики НШКА у больных, оперированных в неотложном, экстренном и плановом порядке, рекомендуется использовать по показаниям перманентную внутрибрыжеечную (забрюшинную) блокаду с лимфотропной терапией, местную лазеромагнитотерапию, интубационную декомпрессию, санацию и гастроэнтеросорбцию с полифепаном, а также препарат «Laennec