ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOREST MANGGOSTEEN (Garcinia hombroniana Pierre) FRACTION USING DPPH AND ABTS METHOD

This study was carried out to determine the active antioxidant fraction of Garcinia hombroniana bark extract by the DPPH and ABTS method. Along with this, the study also attempts to identify the class of compounds present in the various extract of G. hombroniana by the active fraction. The bark extract of G. hombroniana was prepared by the multilevel maceration method by using three solvents including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. Results of study suggested that n-hexane (HSE), ethyl acetate (EASE) and ethanol 96% extract (ESE) have antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 423 ± 16.72 μg/mL, 284.89 ± 2.7μg/mL, and 10.49 ± 0.19 μg/mL in DPPH assay, while these extracts showed IC50 value of 560.92 ± 48.86 μg/mL, 430.18 ± 16.65 μg/mL, and 13.92 ± 0.57 μg/mL respectively in ABTS assay. Further, fractionated using vacuum column chromatography revealed the presence of five fractions viz., A, B, C, D, and E. Among these, fractions D showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.83 ± 0.18 μg/mL and 6.82 ± 0.31 μg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays. Results of the fractioned analysis and qualitative determination showed that the active fraction of G. hombroniana contained flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, and saponin compounds, and antioxidant activities of these extracts might be due to the presence of these active ingredients

EVALUASI HEMATOTOKSIK SECARA IN VITRO NANOPARTIKEL ZnS HASIL REDUKSI BIOMATRIKS Eschericia coli

Nanopartikel ZnS merupakan material semi konduktor yang memiliki sifat unik dan manfaat yang besar dibidang kesehatan, terutama sebagai antibakteri dan biomarker kanker. Walaupun demikian, informasi mengenai toksisitas dari nanopartikel ZnS masih sangat terbatas. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan evaluasi hematotoksisitas secara in vitro nanopartikel ZnS hasil reduksi biomatriks Escherichia coli. Penyiapan nanopartikel ZnS diawali dengan pencampuran dispersi ZnSO4 konsentrasi 200 bpj ke dalam medium Luria Bertani Broth (LBB) yang ditumbuhi E.Coli  sebagai bioreduktor. Produk yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dengan uji photolimunisence (PL) dan spektrofotometri pada rentang panjang gelombang 250-700 nm. Hasilnya, nanopartikel ZnS berpendar biru dan diidentifikasi pada λmax 288 nm dengan absorbansi 0,905. Partikel yang dihasilkan kemudian didispersikan dengan variasi volume 30 µl, 40 µl, 50 µl pada larutan tyrod. Data persentase hemolisis secara berturut-turut adalah 32%, 39%, 22%, 0% (kontrol negatif) dan 100% (kontrol positif). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa nanopartikel ZnS hasil reduksi E.coli memberikan efek toksik terhadap sel darah mera

Efek Proteksi Madu Trigona Sp Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Atorvastatin Dengan Parameter Histopatologi Hati

Trigona sp honey has been reported to have high antioxidant activity associated with its phenolic content. Statin antihyperlipidemia (atorvastatin) has many pleiotropic effects, but inappropriate use in terms of duration and high doses has been shown to trigger hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the protective effect of trigona honey in rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by high doses of atorvastatin with liver histopathological parameters. The test animals used were 21 which were divided into 7 treatment groups. Each group was given different treatment for 5 weeks. Group 1 administration of 0.5% NaCMC; group 2 (negative control) induced atorvastatin; group 3 (positive control) given CoQ10 100 mg/kgBW orally 2 hours before atorvastatin induction; group 4 (honey control) was given 4.5 mL/kgBW of honey; groups 5, 6, and 7 were given honey (1.5; 3; 4.5) mL/kgBW 2 hours before induction of atorvastatin. Observation of histopathological picture was carried out after 5 weeks of administration of the test preparation. The hepatocyte damage score data were statistically analyzed. Histopathological observations in the group given Trigona honey at a dose of 4.5 mL/KgBW showed normal cells and statistical analysis showed significant results (p<0.05) with negative control. The conclusion of this study was that trigona honey at a dose of 4.5 mL/KgBW gave a protective effect against rat hepatocyte cells induced by atorvastatin.Keywords: Atorvastatin, Hepatotoxicity, Honey, TrigonaMadu Trigona sp telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dikaitkan dengan kandungan fenoliknya. Antihiperlipidemia golongan statin (atorvastatin) memiliki banyak efek pleiotropik, akan tetapi penggunaan yang tidak tepat dalam hal durasi dan dosis yang tinggi terbukti memicu efek samping hepatotoksisitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek proteksi madu trigona pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi atorvastatin dosis tinggi dengan parameter histopatologi hati. Hewan uji yang digunakan sebanyak dua puluh satu ekor yang dibagi ke dalam 7 kelompok perlakuan. Setiap kelompok diberi perlakuan yang berbeda selama 5 minggu. Kelompok 1 pemberian NaCMC 0,5%; kelompok 2 (kontrol negatif) diinduksi atorvastatin; kelompok 3 (kontrol positif) pemberian CoQ10 100 mg/kgBB secara oral 2 jam sebelum induksi atorvastatin; kelompok 4 (kontrol madu) pemberian madu 4,5 mL/kgBB; kelompok 5, 6, dan 7 diberikan madu (1,5; 3; 4,5) mL/kgBB berturut turut 2 jam sebelum induksi atorvastatin. Pengamatan gambaran histopatologi dilakukan setelah 5 minggu pemberiaan sediaan uji. Data skor kerusakan hepatosit dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi pada kelompok yang diberikan madu trigona dosis 4,5 mL/KgBB memperlihatkan sel normal dan analisis statistik menunjukkan hasil signifikan (p<0,05) dengan kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah madu trigona dengan dosis 4,5 mL/KgBB memberikan efek proteksi terhadap sel hepatosit tikus yang diinduksi atorvastatin.Kata Kunci: Atorvastatin, Hepatotoksistas, Madu, Trigona

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BEROMA (Cajanus cajan (L.) Milps)

Daun beroma (Cajanus cajan (L.) Milps) berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dikaitkan dengan kandungan senyawa kimia yaitu flavanoid dan fenolik. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol 70% daun Cajanus cajan (L.) Milps dilakukan menggunakan metode 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan 2,2’-azino-bis- [3- ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS). Nilai IC50 pada pengujian metode DPPH yaitu 86,34 mg/ml dan IC50 pada metode ABTS yaitu 20,53 mg/ml. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Cajanus cajan (L.) Milps mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) TERHADAP KADAR ENZIM LDH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ASAP ROKOK

Partikel-partikel asap rokok diketahui mengandung tingkat radikal bebas tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan atau kematian sel organ-organ di dalam tubuh. Peningkatan enzim Laktat dehidrogenase (LDH) dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker pada saat terjadi kerusakan atau kematian sel tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek terapi dari ekstrak temu putih (ETP) terhadap kadar enzim LDH tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi asap rokok. Sebanyak 12 ekor tikus diinduksi asap rokok selama 30 menit dengan menggunakan 10 batang rokok perhari kemudian diberikan vitamin C dosis 100mg/ml sebagai kontrol positif, ETP dengan dosis 70mg/200gBB dan dosis 105mg/200gBB. Penginduksian dilakukan selama 30 hari kemudian dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah. Pengukuran kadar enzim LDH menggunakan reagen kit diagnostik pada instrument ABX Pentra 400. Uji Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ETP secara peroral pada hewan coba tikus menunjukkan penurunan kadar LDH pada setiap dosis yang digunakan yaitu 70mg/200gBB dan 105mg/200gBB dengan perbedaan secara nyata dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (p&lt;0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ETP dosis 70 mg/200gBB dan 105mg/200gBB memberikan efek terapi dengan menurunkan kadar enzim LDH pada tikus yang diinduksi asap rokok

Pengaruh Suplementasi Madu Trigona Terhadap Parameter Fungsi Hati Dan Ginjal Tikus Albino (Rattus Norvegicus) Yang Diberikan Simvastatin: Effect of Trigona Honey Supplementation on Liver and Kidney Function in SimvastatinAdministered Albino Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Simvastatin is a drug acting on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme leading to decrease of lipid level in plasma. Simvastatin is associated with pleiotropic effects such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective effect. This study aimed to observe effect of supplementation of trigona honey on parameters of liver function (SGPT and SGOT) and kidney function (urea) in albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) given 40 mg/kg simvastatin. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (n=4). Each group was administered different treatments for 15 days orally. Group I was put as health control without any treatment, group II was given sodium carboxymethylcellulose (1% b/v) as negative control, group III was given simvastatin at the dose of 40 mg/kg, group IV was administered simvastatin (40 mg/kg) and trigona honey (6.5% v/v), while group V and VI were administered simvastatin (40 mg/kg) and ubiquinone (1.43 mg/kg); and simvastatin (40 mg/kg), trigona honey (6.5% v/v), and ubiquinone (1.43 mg/kg), respectively. Upon the treatments, level of SGOT, SGPT, and ureum was determined. The data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Least Significant Difference tests (p=0.05). According to the analysis, it was concluded that supplementation of trigona honey in rats administered simvastatin showed significantly lower level of all parameters than groups of simvastatin and controls

Marine macrolides to tackle antimicrobial resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis has become a major health problem globally. This is worsened by the emergence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing ability to evade the effectiveness of the current antimycobacterial therapies. Therefore, the efforts carried out to explore new entities from many sources, including marine, are critical. This review summarizes several marine-derived macrolides that show promising activity against M. tuberculosis. We also provide information regarding the biosynthetic processes of marine macrolides, including the challenges that are usually experienced in this process. As most of the studies reporting the antimycobacterial activities of the listed marine macrolides are based on in vitro studies, the future direction should consider expanding the trials to in vivo and clinical trials. In addition, in silico studies should also be explored for a quick screening on marine macrolides with potent activities against mycobacterial infection. To sum up, macrolides derived from marine organisms might become therapeutical options for tackling antimycobacterial resistance of M. tuberculosis.Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, Indonesia | Ref. 020/E5/PG.02.00PT/202