Design of Pre-Dumping Ring Spin Rotator with a Possibility of Helicity Switching for Polarized Positrons at the ILC

The use of polarized beams enhance the possibility of the precision measurements at the International Linear Collider (ILC). In order to preserve the degree of polarization during beam transport spin rotators are included in the current TDR ILC Lattice. In this report some advantages of using a combined spin rotator/spin flipper are discussed. A few possible lattice designs of spin flipper developed at DESY in 2012 are presented.Comment: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS15), Whistler, Canada, 2-6 November 201

Three very young HgMn stars in the Orion OB1 Association

We report the detection of three mercury-manganese stars in the Orion OB1 association. HD 37886 and BD-0 984 are in the approximately 1.7 million year old Orion OB1b. HD 37492 is in the approximately 4.6 million year old Orion OB1c. Orion OB1b is now the youngest cluster with known HgMn star members. This places an observational upper limit on the time scale needed to produce the chemical peculiarities seen in mercury-manganese stars, which should help in the search for the cause or causes of the peculiar abundances in HgMn and other chemically peculiar upper main sequence stars.Comment: 8 pages including 1 figure. To appear in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Formation of network model of value added chain based on integration of competitive enterprises in innovation-oriented cross-sectorial clusters

© 2016 Shinkevich et al.The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by the fact that currently in the global economy the strengthening of integration processes, increasing of inter-sectorial cooperation and the internationalization of economic processes are observed. Relevant and promising in this case is the formation of the network model of value added chains’ creation based on the integration of competitive enterprises in innovation-oriented cross-sectorial clusters. The purpose of the paper is to develop model of competitive enterprises’ integration in innovation-oriented inter-industry clusters, the formation of the algorithm for cluster’s building and its capacity and activity strengthening, competitive enterprises’ bringing on the level of innovative development. Leading method to the study of this problem is the method of building a spatial network model that allows realizing of economic entities’ integration of different categories and types of activities in a generic intersectorial competitive cluster. To assess the effectiveness of the value chain creation the use analysis method is assumed based on value added, which allows to diagnose groups of competitive and noncompetitive producers, to identify resource and innovative potential with further construction of development strategies. The research materials can be used in managing by the development of economic regional and cross-industry systems, clustering of the economy, as well as to assess the level of competitiveness of enterprises, the construction of strategies of innovation development

Vasa vasorum lumen narrowing in brain vascular hyalinosis in systemic hypertension patients who died of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death among patients with systemic hypertension. The narrowing of the lumen of the brain vasculature contributes to the increased incidence of stroke. While hyalinosis represents the major pathological lesions contributing to vascular lumen narrowing and stroke, the pathogenic mechanism of brain vascular hyalinosis has not been well characterized. Thus, the present study examined the postmortem brain vasculature of human patients who died of ischemic stroke due to systemic hypertension. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry showed the occurrence of brain vascular hyalinosis with infiltrated plasma proteins along with the narrowing of the vasa vasorum and oxidative stress. Transmission electron microscopy revealed endothelial cell bulge protrusion into the vasa vasorum lumen and the occurrence of endocytosis in the vasa vasorum endothelium. The treatment of cultured microvascular endothelial cells with adrenaline also promoted the formation of the bulge as well as endocytic vesicles. The siRNA knockdown of sortin nexin-9 (a mediator of clathrin-mediated endocytosis) inhibited adrenaline-induced endothelial cell bulge formation. Adrenaline promoted protein-protein interactions between sortin nexin-9 and neural Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (a regulator of actin polymerization). Spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats also exhibited lesions indicative of brain vascular hyalinosis, the endothelial cell protrusion into the lumen of the vasa vasorum, and endocytosis in vasa vasorum endothelial cells. We propose that endocytosis-dependent endothelial cell bulge protrusion narrows the vasa vasorum, resulting in ischemic oxidative damage to cerebral vessels, the formation of hyalinosis, the occurrence of ischemic stroke, and death in systemic hypertension patients

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy and Graves’ disease: A predictor of treatment efficiency

Current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) are based on nonspecific immunosuppression with glucocorticosteroids (GCs) and radiation therapy of the eye orbits. However, some patients exhibit resistance to the treatment. In a previous study, we have detected high levels of soluble cytokine receptors: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, and the TGF-β1 cytokine in euthyroid patients with long-lasting non-treated EOP and Graves’ disease (GD). TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in the patients with EOP compared to healthy individuals, and increased with prolonged EOP duration, thus suggesting activation of the factors regulating immune system which promote suppression of the autoimmune process. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of TGF-β1 and cytokine receptors: sTNFα-R1, sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R in the course of immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of GCs, as possible predictors of treatment efficacy. The study included 49 patients (98 eye orbits) with GD of euthyroid state and subclinical thyrotoxicosis, and the persons with EOP in active phase, who had not previously treatment for EOP. Concentrations of TGF-β1 cytokine, sTNFα-RI and sTNFα-R2, sIL-2R, antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (rTSH), free fractions of thyroxine (fT4) and triiodothyronine (fT3), TSH in blood serum were determined in blood serum. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland (ultrasound of the thyroid gland), multi-layer computed tomography (MSCT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits were also performed. The patients were administered immunosuppressive therapy with high doses of HCs (methylprednisolone) in the course of pulse therapy, at a standard dosage of 4500-8000 mg, taking into account the severity and activity of the EOP clinical manifestations. The examination was carried out 3, 6, 12 months after starting the treatment. 3 and 6 months after the GC administration, more than 30% of patients remained resistant to treatment. The levels of TGF-β1 did not change significantly in the patients with positive EOP dynamics. In the patients resistant to GC treatment, the level of TGF-β1 was significantly decreased compared with patients who showed positive clinical dynamics. The level of sNFR1 and sNFaR2 did not change significantly. There were no significant differences in the levels of antibodies to rTSH, thyroid hormones in the patients resistant to GC treatment and with positive dynamics.Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose of methylprednisolone in pulse therapy regimen showed high efficacy and good tolerability, while some patients remain resistant to treatment. Lower levels of TGF-β1 cytokine at initial time and during the treatment allow usage of TGF-β1 levels as a biomarker of the activity of the process, treatment efficiency, and prognosis of the disease. Activation of TGF-β1, a fibroblast growth factor, may contribute to the development of fibrosis, strabismus, and diplopia

The role of neurohumoral factors in the persistence of aseptic bone inflammation in patients with diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy

BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP, Charcot foot) is a relatively rare complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), which can lead not only to impaired support function of the lower limb in such patients, but also to high amputation. DNOAP is characterized by persistent aseptic inflammation of the bone structures of the foot, which creates significant ­difficulties in planning therapeutic measures. In the medical literature, there are data demonstrating the role of individual ­cytokines and neurohumoral factors in the prolongation of the inflammatory process in diabetes, however, there are currently very few studies that determine reliable markers of aseptic inflammation in DNOAP.AIM: To study the effect of neurohumoral factors and advanced glycation end products on the activity of aseptic inflammation in the bone structures of the foot in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included 88 patients with type 2 diabetes (45 men, 43 women). Group 1 consisted of patients with DM2 and inactive DNOAP (n= 43), group 2 (n= 45) consisted of patients with DM2 and distal diabetic neuropathy without osteoarticular pathology. The diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy was based on the analysis of the clinical picture and indicators of peripheral sensitivity. Diagnosis of DNOAP and determination of its stage was based on clinical data, the results of infrared thermometry and radiology tests of the foot bones. General clinical assessment was used, radiology tests (X-ray, MRI), evaluation of CRP, calprotectin, copeptin, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GP1).RESULTS. According to the results of examination and palpation of the feet, as well as the analysis of the temperature gradient of the skin of the affected and contralateral limb (infrared thermometry), DNOAP was detected and the stage of this complication was determined. The diagnosis of the chronic stage of DNOAP was confirmed by the results of MRI and the clinical picture (no difference in skin temperature on the symmetrical areas of the feet). According to the results of laboratory analysis, a statistically significant difference in copeptin values was revealed — in group 1 — 0.232 µg/ml [0.147; 0.342], in group 2 — 0.115 µg/ml [0.065; 0.203] (p>0.05) and CRP — in group 1 — 7.113 mg/l [2.453; 16.505], in group 2 — 2.187 mg/l [1.131; 5.567] (p>0.05), leukocyte levels in the groups did not differ significantly: group 1 — 7.86 [6.40; 9.00]*10^9, group 2 — 7.00 [6.00; 8.15] (p>0.05). There was a trend towards an increase in the level of calprotectin and glutathione peroxidase-1 in the DNOAP group, however, the differences were not significant. calprotectin — in group 1 — 1.948 [1.229; 2.969], in group 2 — 1.692 [1.16; 2.514] μg/ml and glutathione peroxidase-1 in group 1 — 24.72 [20.1; 31.82], in group 2 — 22.98 [18.94; 31.2] ng/ml.CONCLUSION. In the study, statistically significant differences were obtained in the levels of copeptin and C-reactive protein: in patients with DNOAP, their values were significantly higher, which indicates the persistence of the aseptic inflammatory process in the bone tissue of patients even in the chronic stage of DNOAP. These data may help in deciding whether to use one or another method of unloading the affected joints, which will affect the clinical prognosis. The study of neurohumoral markers of arthropathy in the blood serum of patients with DM2 is carried out for the first time, and therefore it is difficult to compare with the results of other authors. It can be assumed that copeptin and CRP are significant markers of persistent inflammation of the osteoarticular structures of the foot in DNOAP

МОНИТОРИНГ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНЫХ ДОЗ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ СОТРУДНИКОВ РЕНТГЕНКАБИНЕТОВ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОЛИКЛИНИК Г. ДУШАНБЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

The article presents the data and analyses of personnel’s average annual external exposure doses monitoring via the thermoluminescent dosimetry method used for X-ray radiological personnel in dental polyclinics of Dushanbe, Tadjikistan Republic over a 5-year period ( 2010–2014 ). Out of 42 registered medical institutions dental polyclinics amounted up to only just 14%. For this work thermoluminescent dosimeters were used ( with LiF: Mg, Ti ) with the thermoluminescent dosimetric installation “ Harshaw – 4500” as the reader device. Monitoring results comparison of individual dose equivalent Hp ( 10 ) values was conducted for two groups of medical workers: medical doctors and X-ray lab technicians. It is demonstrated that radiological technicians’ professional exposure doses are on the average by 23% higher than those for medical doctors.The average individual exposure doses over the above indicated period amount to 0,93 mSv and 1,3 mSv for doctors and X-ray lab technicians, respectively, and are in the range from 0,45 mSv to 2,39 mSv. The doses include contribution from the natural background. The values of doses recorded for the personnel in dental polyclinic correspond to those recorded for the workers in the routine X-ray rooms.В статье рассматривается информация о дозах облучения медицинского персонала в рентгеновской стоматологии. Представлены данные мониторинга и анализ индивидуального дозиметрического контроля методом термолюминесцентной дозиметрии внешнего облучения сотрудников рентгеновских кабинетов стоматологических поликлиник г. Душанбе Республики Таджикистан за 5 лет (2010–2014 гг.). С помощью установки «Harshaw-4500»(США) определен индивидуальный эквивалент дозы Нр(10). Рассчитаны средние годовые индивидуальные дозы облучения врачейрентгенологов и рентгенлаборантов. Их значения составили 0,7 мЗв и 1,04 мЗв в год при работе с интраоральными рентгеновскими стоматологическими аппаратами и ортопантомографами соответственно. Диапазон измерений составил от 0,19 мЗв до 2,12 мЗв. Показано, что дозы профессионального облучения у рентгенлаборантов в среднем на 23% выше, чем у врачей-рентгенологов. Дозы представлены с учетом фоновых значений. Величины доз облучения персонала соответствуют аналогичным значениям специалистов рентгеновских отделений общей рентгенодиагностики при проведении прочих рентгенологических исследований

Особенности метилирования CpG-сайтов некоторых генов Т-лимфоцитов периферической крови пациентов с раком молочной железы до и после лечения

Introduction. The growth of primary breast tumor morbidity in the last ten years and increased number of patients with disseminated breast cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan require the search for methods of early diagnosis of malignant tumors. Determination of breast cancer markers in epigenetic studies allows to use them as diagnostic signs of the presence of malignant tumor and as predictors of treatment effectiveness in patients with this pathology.Aim. To perform  a search for therapeutic and prognostic breast cancer markers.Materials and methods. The study included samples of biological material (peripheral blood) of 50 deemed healthy individuals and 103 patients with locally advanced and disseminated breast cancer receiving special therapy. The following methods were used: blood collection, DNA extraction, creation of DNA methylation profiles, sequencing, statistical data analysis.Results. The results of search for epigenetic mutations in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer showed their role as specific diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic markers with specificity 0.91 % and sensitivity 0.94 %. The hypothesis on therapeutic  significance of identified earlier diagnostic markers in patients  with breast cancer, namely hypermethylation of CpG islands associated with genes JAM3, C17orf64,  MSC, C7orf51  and CpG island associated with intragene part of chromosome 5 (chr5: 77,208,034–77,329,434) was tested and confirmed.Conclusion. A correlation between DNA methylation characteristics and disease progression during treatment was shown. The study results can be used in clinical practice: epigenetic markers, such as methylation in the CpG islets associated with the JAM3, C17orf64, MSC, C7orf51 genes, and in the CpG islet associated with the intragenic site of chromosome 5 (chr5: 77,208,034–77,329,434) can be used as prognostic markers and therapeutic predictors of breast cancer.Введение. Рост первичной заболеваемости раком молочной железы (РМЖ) за последнее десятилетие и увеличение числа пациентов с диссеминированным РМЖ в Республике Казахстан обусловливают необходимость поиска возможностей ранней диагностики злокачественных новообразований. Определение маркеров РМЖ в эпигенетических исследованиях позволяет использовать их в качестве диагностических показателей наличия злокачественной опухоли и предикторов эффективности лечения пациентов с данной патологией.Цель исследования – поиск эпигенетических терапевтических и прогностических маркеров РМЖ.Материалы и методы. в исследование вошли образцы биологического материала (периферическая кровь) 50 условно здоровых людей и 103 больных местно-распространенным и диссеминированным РМЖ, получавших специальнуютерапию. методы проведения исследования: забор крови, выделение ДНК, создание профилей метилирования ДНК, секвенирование, статистическая обработка данных.Результаты. Результаты поиска эпигенетических мутаций в периферической крови больных РМЖ показали их роль как диагностических, терапевтических и прогностических маркеров со специфичностью 91 % и чувствительностью 94,0 %. проверена и подтверждена гипотеза о терапевтической значимости ранее обнаруженных диагностических маркеров для пациентов с РМЖ, а именно метилирования в островках CpG, связанных с генами  JAM3, C17orf64, MSC, C7orf51, и в островке CpG, связанном с внутригенным участком хромосомы 5 (chr5: 77,208,034–77,329,434).Заключение. Определена корреляционная связь между особенностями метилирования ДНК и течением болезни на фоне лечения. данные, полученные в ходе настоящего исследования, могут быть использованы в клинической практике: эпигенетические маркеры, такие как метилирование в островках CpG, связанных с генами  JAM3, C17orf64, MSC, C7orf51, и в островке CpG, связанном с внутригенным участком хромосомы 5 (chr5: 77,208,034–77,329,434), можно применять как прогностические маркеры и терапевтические предикторы при РМЖ

Cytogenomic Profile of Uterine Leiomyoma: In Vivo vs. In Vitro Comparison

We performed a comparative cytogenomic analysis of cultured and uncultured uterine leiomyoma (UL) samples. The experimental approach included karyotyping, aCGH, verification of the detected chromosomal abnormalities by metaphase and interphase FISH, MED12 mutation analysis and telomere measurement by Q-FISH. An abnormal karyotype was detected in 12 out of 32 cultured UL samples. In five karyotypically abnormal ULs, MED12 mutations were found. The chromosomal abnormalities in ULs were present mostly by complex rearrangements, including chromothripsis. In both karyotypically normal and abnormal ULs, telomeres were ~40% shorter than in the corresponding myometrium, being possibly prerequisite to chromosomal rearrangements. The uncultured samples of six karyotypically abnormal ULs were checked for the detected chromosomal abnormalities through interphase FISH with individually designed DNA probe sets. All chromosomal abnormalities detected in cultured ULs were found in corresponding uncultured samples. In all tumors, clonal spectra were present by the karyotypically abnormal cell clone/clones which coexisted with karyotypically normal ones, suggesting that chromosomal abnormalities acted as drivers, rather than triggers, of the neoplastic process. In vitro propagation did not cause any changes in the spectrum of the cell clones, but altered their ratio compared to uncultured sample. The alterations were unique for every UL. Compared to its uncultured counterpart, the frequency of chromosomally abnormal cells in the cultured sample was higher in some ULs and lower in others. To summarize, ULs are characterized by both inter- and intratumor genetic heterogeneity. Regardless of its MED12 status, a tumor may be comprised of clones with and without chromosomal abnormalities. In contrast to the clonal spectrum, which is unique and constant for each UL, the clonal frequency demonstrates up or down shifts under in vitro conditions, most probably determined by the unequal ability of cells with different genetic aberrations to exist outside the body

Wheat-barley hybridization – the last forty years

Abstract Several useful alien gene transfers have been reported from related species into wheat (Triticum aestivum), but very few publications have dealt with the development of wheat/barley (Hordeum vulgare) introgression lines. An overview is given here of wheat 9 barley hybridization over the last forty years, including the development of wheat 9 barley hybrids, and of addition and translocation lines with various barley cultivars. A short summary is also given of the wheat 9 barley hybrids produced with other Hordeum species. The meiotic pairing behaviour of wheat 9 barley hybrids is presented, with special regard to the detection of wheat– barley homoeologous pairing using the molecular cytogenetic technique GISH. The effect of in vitro multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric hybrids is discussed, and the production and characterization of the latest wheat/barley translocation lines are presented. An overview of the agronomical traits (b-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance, sprouting resistance, etc.) of the newly developed introgression lines is given. The exploitation and possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines for the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies (transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted chromosomes) are also discussed