FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF 5-FLUROURASIL AND ECONAZOLE GEL USING RICE BRAN WAX

Besides delivering drug to the body, a drug delivery system aims to improve patient compliance, patient acceptance. The dosage forms available for the delivery of topical agents include ointment, paste, lotion, moisturizing cream and powder. However, Gel is more preferable due to their properties. Present research work is attempted to develop gel by using rice bran wax. Rice bran wax is the vegetable wax extracted from rice bran oil. The oil generally contains 2–6% wax. However it is assumed that on an average it contains 3% wax. Physicochemical tests such as globule size, evaluation of the intrinsic viscosity and homogeneity of Gel products, have been traditionally used to provide reasonable evidence of consistent product performance. However, for the purposes of these studies, the final gel products were characterized for their clarity, pH, viscosity, spread ability, skin irritation test and in vitro diffusion studies using standard procedure. All the results match with official specifications. Keywords: Gel, Rice Bran Wax, Econazole, 5-Fluorouracil Â

A Review of Alternative Proteins For Vegan Diets: Sources, Physico-Chemical Properties, Nutritional Equivalency, and Consumer Acceptance

Alternate proteins are gaining popularity as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to animal-based proteins. These proteins are often considered healthier and are suitable for people following a vegetarian or vegan diet. Alternative proteins can be recovered from natural sources like legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds, while single cell proteins (mycoproteins), and algal proteins are being developed using cutting-edge technology to grow fungus, yeast and algal cells in a controlled environment, creating a more sustainable source of protein. Although, the demand for alternative protein products is increasing, there still happens to be a large gap in use among the general consumers mainly stemming from its lower bioavailability, lack of nutritional equivalency and reduced digestibility compared to animal proteins. The focus of the review is to emphasize on various sources and technologies for recovering alternative proteins for vegan diets. The review discusses physicochemical properties of alternative proteins and emphasise on the role of various processing technologies that can change the digestibility and bioavailability of these proteins. It further accentuates the nutritional equivalency and environmental sustainability of alternative protein against the conventional proteins from animals. The food laws surrounding alternative proteins as well as the commercial potential and consumer acceptance of alternative protein products are also highlighted. Finally, key challenges to improve the consumer acceptability and market value of plant-based proteins would be in achieving nutrient equivalency and enhance bioavailability and digestibility while maintaining the same physicochemical properties, taste, texture, as animal proteins, has also been highlighted

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Delivery System (Microspheres) Using Natural Polymer

Microspheres are novel drug delivery approach to control release of pharmacologically active ingredient as per patient need. Natural polymers like fenugreek mucilage are cheap, biodegradable and have been proved safe for pharmaceutical formulation. Higher loading efficiency was observed for all the formulations and also the drug release was observed for the period of 12 hours. Thus, the simvastatin microsphere using fenugreek mucilage showed promising results in retarding the drug release. It can be concluded from whole study that due to the formation of polymeric network system or other active moiety can be easily entrapped with the matrix and hydration and swelling of natural polymer controlled their release patter

Chemo protective activity of Phyllanthus niruri and Opuntia ficus indica plant extract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death. Several chemotherapeutical agents have been used to treat cancer, and yet a convincing cure is elusive in most cases. Therefore, there is continued need for development of new anticancer agents. Angiogenesis is one of the vital events for organ development and differentiation during embryogenesis as well as wound healing and reproductive functions in adults. Angiogenesis also contributes significantly to tumors growth and metastasis. Currently, search for effective anti-angiogenesis agents and therapy is an emerging field. Cytotoxic agents with anti-angiogenic activity are designated to control tumors endothelial cell growth and tumour cell survival. Therefore, combinatorial therapy in which anti-angiogenic agents with chemotherapeutic activity administrated in a scheduled manner could result in a much more favorable therapeutic effect. India is one of the richest bio diversity centers with respect to medicinal plants. Many plants have been utilized in the traditional system of medicine for cancer treatment. The plants have been utilized as medicines from thousands of years ago. The isolation of active components from plants began with the morphine isolation from opium plant. In the present study, Phyllanthus niruri and Opuntia ficus-indica were screened for the phytochemical and anticancer evaluation. Keywords: Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, Phyllanthus niruri, Opuntia ficus-indica, in vivo study

A review on pharmacological potential of asteracantha longifolia

Acanthaceae plant Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees is used to make the ayurvedic medication ‘Kokilaaksha' and the Unani drug Talimakhana. The seeds are aphrodisiac, bitter, tonic, and sedative, and are used to treat blood problems. Antitumor, hypoglycemic, aphrodisiac, antibacterial, free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation, hepatoprotective, and haematopoietic activity are all known properties of the plant. Lupeol, stigmasterol, butelin, fatty acids, and alkaloids are all found in it. The focus of this review paper is on Talimakhana's phytochemical, pharmacological, and other relevant characteristics

Impact of COVID-19 on heart failure hospitalization and outcome in India – A cardiological society of India study (CSI–HF in COVID 19 times study – “The COVID C–HF study”)

Objectives: The presentation and outcomes of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) during COVID times (June 2020 to Dec 2020) were compared with the historical control during the same period in 2019. Methods: Data of 4806 consecutive patients of acute HF admitted in 22 centres in the country were collected during this period. The admission patterns, aetiology, outcomes, prescription of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and interventions were analysed in this retrospective study. Results: Admissions for acute heart failure during the pandemic period in 2020 decreased by 20% compared to the corresponding six-month period in 2019, with numbers dropping from 2675 to 2131. However, no difference in the epidemiology was seen. The mean age of presentation in 2019 was 61.75 (±13.7) years, and 59.97 (±14.6) years in 2020. There was a significant decrease in the mean age of presentation (p = 0.001). Also. the proportion of male patients decreased significantly from 68.67% to 65.84% (p = 0.037). The in-hospital mortality for acute heart failure did not differ significantly between 2019 and 2020 (4.19% and 4.,97%) respectively (p = 0.19). The proportion of patients with HFrEF did not change in 2020 compared to 2019 (76.82% vs 75.74%, respectively). The average duration of hospital stay was 6.5 days. Conclusion: The outcomes of ADHF patients admitted during the Covid pandemic did not differ significantly. The length of hospital stay remained the same. The study highlighted the sub-optimal use of GDMT, though slightly improving over the last few years

Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines on the prevalence of hypertension among Indian adults: Results from a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThe impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for diagnosis and management of hypertension on the prevalence of hypertension in India is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Cardiac Prevent 2015 survey to estimate the change in the prevalence of hypertension. The JNC8 guidelines defined hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 ​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 ​mmHg. The 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines define hypertension as a systolic blood pressure of ≥130 ​mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of ≥80 ​mmHg. We standardized the prevalence as per the 2011 census population of India. We also calculated the prevalence as per the World Health Organization (WHO) World Standard Population (2000-2025).ResultsAmong 180,335 participants (33.2% women), the mean age was 40.6 ​± ​14.9 years (41.1 ​± ​15.0 and 39.7 ​± ​14.7 years in men and women, respectively). Among them, 8,898 (4.9%), 99,791 (55.3%), 35,694 (11.9%), 23,084 (12.8%), 9,989 (5.5%) and 2,878 (1.6%) participants belonged to age group 18-19, 20-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and ​≥ ​75 years respectively. The prevalence of hypertension according to the JNC8 and 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines was 29.7% and 63.8%, respectively- an increase of 115%. With the 2011 census population of India, this suggests that currently, 486 million Indian adults have hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, an addition of 260 million as compared to the JNC8 guidelines.ConclusionAccording to the 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines, 3 in every 5 Indian adults have hypertension