Microwaves from Mobile Phones Inhibit 53BP1 Focus Formation in Human Stem Cells More Strongly Than in Differentiated Cells: Possible Mechanistic Link to Cancer Risk

BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their misrepair in stem cells are critical events in the multistage origination-of various leukemias and tumors, including gliomas. OBJECTIVES: We studied whether microwaves from mobile telephones of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and the Universal Global Telecommunications System (UMTS) induce DSBs or affect DSB repair in stem cells. METHODS: We analyzed tumor suppressor TP53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci that are typically formed at the sites of DSB location (referred to as DNA repair foci) by laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS: Microwaves from mobile phones inhibited formation of 53BP1 foci in human primary fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. These data parallel our previous findings for human lymphocytes. Importantly, the same GSM carrier frequency (915 MHz) and UMTS frequency band (1947.4 MHz) were effective for all cell types. Exposure at 905 MHz did not inhibit 53BP1 foci in differentiated cells, either fibroblasts or lymphocytes, whereas some effects were seen in stem cells at 905 MHz. Contrary to fibroblasts, stem cells did not adapt to chronic exposure during 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The strongest microwave effects were always observed in stem cells. This result may suggest both significant misbalance in DSB repair and severe stress response. Our findings that stem cells are most sensitive to microwave exposure and react to more frequencies than do differentiated cells may be important for cancer risk assessment and indicate that stem cells are the most relevant cellular model for validating safe mobile communication signals

Brain tumour growth in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields used in wireless cellular communication

In 1996 there was no convincing laboratory evidence that EMFs used in wireless communication could cause tumour promotion at non-thermal exposure levels. Therefore we then performed a study of the effects from exposure to such electromagnetic fields in the rat brain glioma model we were using in our research for brain tumour therapy. By stereotaxic technique rat glioma cells (RG2 or N32) were injected into the head of the right caudate nucleus in 154 pairs of Fischer 344 rats in both exposed and matched controls. Starting on day 5 after inoculation, the animals were exposed for 7 hours a day, 5 days a week during 2 - 3 weeks. Rats of both sexes were exposed to electromagnetic fields in the microwaves frequency range 915 MHz both as continuous waves (1 W), and as pulse-modulated at 4, 8, 16 and 217 Hz in 0.57 ms long pulses and 50 Hz in 6.67 ms pulses, all with a maximum power amplitude of 2 W per pulse. The animals were kept un-anaesthetized in well-ventilated TEM cells during 7 hours a day for 5 days a week for 2-3 weeks. Their matched controls were kept in identical TEM cells without EMF exposure. At the end of the exposure period the rat brains were examined histopathologically. The tumour size was measured with a calliper and the volume estimated as an ellipsoid. Our study of the 154 matched pairs of rats did not show any significant difference in tumour volume between animals exposed to 915 MHz microwaves, and those not exposed. Thus our results did not support that daily exposure to EMF promotes tumour growth when given from the fifth day after the start of tumour growth in the rat brain until the sacrifice of the animal 16 days later. In the present review our results published 1997 have been re-evaluated in terms of SAR dependence of tumour volume observed ratio (exposed / control). We thus surprisingly found that the shape of tumour volume-OR versus SAR response was of bath-tube pattern, similar to that found in our parallel studies of albumin leakage through the blood-brain barrier. Since the SAR varies between most other animal studies reviewed and human epidemiological studies this SAR dependence might explain the controversy in rendering the results

S-100 protein levels in the blood of Fischer rats exposed to 915 MHz CW-microwaves and magnetic fields.

EnglishPersson, B. R. R., Nittby Redenbrant, H., Malmgren, L., Brun, A., and Salford, L. G. (2020). S-100 protein levels in the blood of Fischer rats exposed to 915 MHz CW-microwaves and magnetic fields. Acta Scientiarum Lundensia, Vol. 2020-005, pp. 1-9, ISSN 1651-5013Abstrakt.Syftet var att studera nivån av S-100 i blodprover som tagits från Fischer-344-råttor efter exponering för 915 MHz CW-mikrovågor och ELF-magnetfält i TEM-celler. Magnetfältsexponering ägde rum med TEM-cellen i ett Helmholtz-spolarrangemang med antingen 50 Hz sinusformat magnetfält på 5 µT eller inkoherent magnetfältbrus IMF med en maximal amplitud på 50 µT.Det verkar inte finnas någon signifikant förändring i S-100-koncentrationen i blod hos råttor som exponerats under 6 timmar för höga nivåer (4W) av kontinuerlig våg (CW) 915MHz mikrovågor, 50Hz sinusformade magnetfält (5µT) och osammanhängande magnetfält (IMF) vid 50µT. Däremot indikerar resultaten av den kombinerade exponeringen CW + IMF en minskad koncentration av S100 i blod.Minskningen överensstämmer med resultaten av en undersökning under 2010 att de extremt lågfrekventa (ELF) magnetfälten från fläktmotorn (50Hz AC, 0,3-1,5 T) minskade det förväntade BBB-läckaget av albumin på grund av mikrovågsexponering .Resultaten från andra studier indikerar också att bioeffekter orsakade av exponering för mikrovågor reduceras genom överläggning med extremt lågfrekventa magnetfält ELF. Det är därför av yttersta vikt när man undersöker bioeffekter från mikrovågor för att också kontrollera nivåer och frekvenser av lågfrekventa magnetfält i omgivningen, vilket kan vara en av anledningarna till den breda spridningen i de rapporterade resultaten

Non-thermal" Effects on the Blood-Brain Barrier in Fischer rats by exposure to microwaves

Effect of 915 MHz electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the blood brain-barrier (BBB) permeability has been studied in Fischer 344 rats of both sexes. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed in a Transverse Electromagnetic Transmission line chamber to microwaves of 915 MHz as continuous wave (CW) and pulse-modulated with different pulse power and at various time intervals. The CW-pulse power varied from 0.001W to 10 W and the exposure time from 2 min. to 960 min. In each experiment we randomly placed 4 rats in excited and 4 control rats in non-excited TEM-cells respectively. The rats were not anaesthetised during the exposure. The rats were exposed to 915 MHz microwaves, either continuous wave (CW) or pulse modulated at 4,8,16 or 217 Hz with 0.57 ms pulse width, or pulse modulated at 50 Hz with 6.6 ms pulse width as well as from a real GSM-900 telephone. All animals were sacrificed by perfusion-fixation of the brains under chloralhydrate anaesthesia after the exposure. The brains were then perfused, first with saline for 3-4 minutes, and then with 4% formaldehyde for 5-6 minutes. Whole coronal sections of the brains were dehydrated and embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 5 μm. The degree of albumin leakage was demonstrated immune-histo-chemically and classified in order of increased number of albumin extravasations by a rank number: 0 - 0.5 - 1.0 - 1.5 - 2 - 3. Pathological albumin leakage was judged as albumin extravasations equal to or larger than 1. The frequency of pathological rats in all control groups was about 17%. Among rats exposed to pulse modulated microwaves the ratio of pathological rats was 170/481(0.35±0.03) and among rats exposed to continuous wave exposure (CW) it was 74/149 (0.50±0.07). These results are both highly significantly different to their corresponding controls (p<0.0001). The rats were exposed to SAR various values: 0.2; 2; (20-40); (100-500); (1000-3000) mW/kg. In the 217 Hz modulated group (GSM simulated) we found the most increased ratio of albumin extravasations OR= 4 at 0.2 mW/kg. But no significant increased ratio at SAR 2000 mW/kg. The response curve of OR versus log(SAR) had the shape of a bathtub, with a minimum at a100 mW/kg. A similar curve was recorded for OR versus Specific Absorbed Energy (SAE Joule / kg) with a minimum at 100 J/kg. Similar response curves were recorded for the various modulation frequencies 4; 8; 16; 50 Hz. We found no pronounced difference between the various modulation frequencies other than the effect of CW exposure seems to be more effective than pulse modulated exposure in opening the BBB at high SAR values 100-2000 mW/kg. Conclusion: The opening of the BBB is most effective at SAR values in the range of 0.1-0.5 mW.kg-1 and less effective in the range of 50-500 mW.kg-1. In this low SAR range thermal effects are unlikely. Thus there seems to be a non-thermal mechanism involved triggering the opening of the BBB

Microwaves from GSM Mobile Telephones Affect 53BP1 and γ-H2AX Foci in Human Lymphocytes from Hypersensitive and Healthy Persons

The data on biologic effects of nonthermal microwaves (MWs) from mobile telephones are diverse, and these effects are presently ignored by safety standards of the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). In the present study, we investigated effects of MWs of Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) at different carrier frequencies on human lymphocytes from healthy persons and from persons reporting hypersensitivity to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). We measured the changes in chromatin conformation, which are indicative of stress response and genotoxic effects, by the method of anomalous viscosity time dependence, and we analyzed tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), which have been shown to colocalize in distinct foci with DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), using immunofluorescence confocal laser microscopy. We found that MWs from GSM mobile telephones affect chromatin conformation and 53BP1/γ-H2AX foci similar to heat shock. For the first time, we report here that effects of MWs from mobile telephones on human lymphocytes are dependent on carrier frequency. On average, the same response was observed in lymphocytes from hypersensitive and healthy subjects

Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.

The possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for the human body is a growing concern for our society. We have previously shown that weak pulsed microwaves give rise to a significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier. In this study we investigated whether a pathologic leakage across the blood-brain barrier might be combined with damage to the neurons. Three groups each of eight rats were exposed for 2 hr to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) mobile phone electromagnetic fields of different strengths. We found highly significant (p< 0.002) evidence for neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia in the brains of exposed rats

Skeptiska betraktelser

Under rubriken Skeptiska betraktelser har uppsatser om skilda ämnen inom litteraturvetenskap samlats. Kontexters betydelser vid litteraturanalyser diskuteras, litteraturhistoriens berättande genomlyses, texter och bohemer och sjörövare får samsas med lyrikanalyser. Kvantitativa undersökningar uppvisas samtidigt som mediekulturens förhållande till den litterära kulturen undersöks. Dessa olika Skeptiska betraktelser är samtidigt en hyllning till Jan Thavenius, som alltid har varit en drivande kraft i förändringsarbetet inom ämnet litteraturvetenskap i Lund

Mörka Neuron och Mobiltelefoner : Dedicerad till en 90-årig man, Arne Brun i Lund

Med denna svenska översikt av våra egna och andra forskares observationer av mörka neuron vid mikrovågs exponering från mobiltelefoner, som lite senkommet tillägnas Arne Brun på hans 90 års-dag, vill vi att hans insatser blir uppmärksammade och inte faller i glömska.Kring 2000 millennium skiftet pågick ett intensivt arbete i Lund med att sammanfatta och bekräfta effekterna av exponering med GSM-900 MHz mikrovågor på blod-hjärna barriären och hjärnans neuroner. Leif G. Salford, Arne Brun och medarbetare presenterade år 2003 i tidskriften Environmental Health Perspectives resultaten från en undersökning av skador på nervcellerna i råtthjärna efter exponering för mikrovågor från GSM Mobiltelefoner. Kontroller och testdjur visade alla tecken på närvao av albumin i hypotalamus, vilket år normalt och indikerar att albumin infärgningen av BBB läckaget också fungerar. Cresylviolettfärgningen avslöjade förekomst av spridda och grupperade mörka nervceller, som ofta var skrumpna och mörkt homogent färgade utan urskiljbara interna cellstrukturer. Några av dessa mörka nervceller var också albuminpositiva eller visade cytoplasmatiska mikrovakuoler som indikerar en aktiv patologisk process. År 2008 presenterades resultaten av ytterligare undersökningar av blod-hjärn barriärens permeabilitet och nervcellsskador i råtthjärnan efter en återhämtningstid på antingen 14 och 28 dagar efter 2 timmas exponering för mikrovågor från GSM-mobiltelefoner i 900 MHz-bandet. Efter 14 dagars återhämtningstid observerades albumin-läckage i BBB och albumin upptag i neuroner. Mörka neuron observerades endast hos råttor som exponerats med det lägsta SAR-värdet, 0,12 mW/kg. Efter 28 dagars återhämtnings period observerades läckage av albumin endast hos råttor som exponerats med det högsta SAR-värdet, 100 mW/kg. Däremot observerades efter 28 dagar förekomst av mörka neuron i råtthjärnor hos alla grupperna vilket korrelerade väl med neuronernas albumin upptag.I studien observeras neuro-patologiska förändringar redan vid SAR-värden så låga som 0,12 mW/kg vilket överensstämmer med våra tidigare resultat. Speciellt iögonfallande är att det högsta albumin upptaget i neuroner observeras vid den lägsta SAR nivån på 0,12 mW/kg. Frekvensen hos förekomsten av mörka nervceller ökade, jämfört med kontrollerna både efter 14 och 28 dagars återhämtning, men var endast signifikant vid 28 dagar efter exponering. Inga signifikanta tecken på förekomsten av mörka neuron observerades emellertid efter 7 dagars återhämtning.I en Fransk studie redovisad av Poulletier de Gannes och medarbetare 2009 exponerades enbart huvudet hos 16 st. Fischer 344-råttor (14 veckor gamla) för GSM-900 under 2 timmar vid SAR värden 0,14 och 2,0 W/kg. Fjorton alternatvt 50 dagar efter GSM-900 exponeringen kunde varken BBB-läckage eller förekomst av mörka nervceller upptäckas i rått hjärnorna. Deras resultat indikerar att det föreligger en väsentlig skillnad i resultaten vid helkropp exponering jämfört med exponering av endast huvudet.År 2015 presenterades en studie, stödd av Nationella Vetenskaps Akademin i Kina (NSFC), avseende albumin-läckage i blod-hjärnbarriären efter exponering med kontinuerliga mikrovågor på 900 MHz med SARvärden mellan 0,016 (hela kroppen) och 2 W/kg (lokalt i huvudet). Hos råttor som exponerats under 28 dagar observerades cellulärt ödem och neuronal cellorganell degeneration hos råttorna. Dessutom observerades med immun-färgning BBB-läckage av albumin i hippocampus och cortex. Efter exponering för 900 MHz mikrovågor under 14 respektive 28 dagar hade serum albumin diffunderat in i neuropilen mellan cellkropparna, som omger neuronerna. Upptag av Albumin i hippocampus neuron hos råttor exponerade under 28 dagar, visar förekomst av mörka neuron. Deras resultat är i linje med Lunda-resultaten som publicerades 2003 och 2008

Project Status of the Polish Synchrotron Radiation Facility Solaris

Abstract in Undetermined The Polish synchrotron radiation facility Solaris is being built at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. The project is based on an identical copy of the 1.5 GeV storage ring being concurrently built for the MAX IV project in Lund, Sweden. A general description of the facility is given together with a status of activities. Unique features associated with Solaris are outlined, such as infrastructure, the injector and operational characteristics

The complexity of kidney disease and diagnosing it – cystatin C, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes and proteome regulation

Estimation of kidney function is often part of daily clinical practice, mostly done by using the endogenous glomerular filtration rate (GFR)-markers creatinine or cystatin C. A recommendation to use both markers in parallel in 2010 has resulted in new knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of kidney disorders by the identification of a new set of kidney disorders, selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. These syndromes, connected to strong increases in mortality and morbidity, are characterized by a selective reduction in the glomerular filtration of 5–30 kDa molecules, such as cystatin C, compared to the filtration of small molecules <1 kDa dominating the glomerular filtrate, for example water, urea and creatinine. At least two types of such disorders, shrunken or elongated pore syndrome, are possible according to the pore model for glomerular filtration. Selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes are prevalent in investigated populations, and patients with these syndromes often display normal measured GFR or creatinine-based GFR-estimates. The syndromes are characterized by proteomic changes promoting the development of atherosclerosis, indicating antibodies and specific receptor-blocking substances as possible new treatment modalities. Presently, the KDIGO guidelines for diagnosing kidney disorders do not recommend cystatin C as a general marker of kidney function and will therefore not allow the identification of a considerable number of patients with selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes. Furthermore, as cystatin C is uninfluenced by muscle mass, diet or variations in tubular secretion and cystatin C-based GFR-estimation equations do not require controversial race or sex terms, it is obvious that cystatin C should be a part of future KDIGO guidelines.publishedVersio