Bioactivity evaluation of least explored traditionally acclaimed medicinally potent herb Nanorrhinum ramosissimum(Wall.) Betsche

Present study analysed the therapeutic potential of traditionally acclaimed medicinal herb Nanorrhinum ramosissimum, using plant parts extracted with different solvents (10 mg/mL). Shoot extracts exhibited comparatively better antimicrobial properties, in comparison to root extracts. Total phenolic content was estimated, to ascertain its dependency on antioxidant properties of plant extracts. Antioxidant assay revealed promising results in comparison to IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid (52.2±0.07 µg/mL), for methanolic extracts of shoot (61.07±0.53 µg/mL and 64.33±0.33 µg/mL) and root (76.705±0.12 µg/mL and 89.73±0.28 µg/ mL) for in vivo and in vitro regenerants respectively. Correlation coefficient R2 values ranged between 0.90-0.95, indicating a positive correlation between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Plant extracts were also able to inhibit DNA oxidative damage again indicating their antioxidative potential. Antidiabetic potential was confirmed by alpha amylase inhibition assay where shoot methanolic extracts (invivo, in vitro) exhibited the best IC50 values (54.42±0.16 µg/mL, 66.09±0.12 µg/mL) in comparison to standard metformin (41.92±0.08 µg/mL). Ethanolic extracts of roots (in vitro, invivo) exhibited the relative IC50 values (88.97±0.32µg/mL,96.63±0.44 µg/mL) indicating that shoot parts had a better alpha amylase inhibition property; thus proving the herb’s bioactive potential and its prospective therapeutic source for curing various ailments

<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN; mso-bidi-language:HI;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Bacoside biosynthesis during <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">in vitro</i> shoot multiplication in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Bacopa monnieri</i> (L.) <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI">Wettst.<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI"> <span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-language:HI; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">grown in Growtek and air lift bioreactor</span></span></span></span>

547-551<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Shoot cultures of Bacopa monnieri L. (Brahmi<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-style:italic">) were cultivated in shake flask (1 L) and two bioreactor systems: Growtek® (1 L) and modified bench top air lift bioreactor (ALB) (5 L). Continuous immersion and aeration supported excellent growth and enhanced levels of bacoside (A3+A2) production in ALB<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">. Growth index (GI) in terms of dry wt was recorded maximum in the ALB (5.84), followed by Growtek® (4.22) and shake flasks (2.61) after 4 wk of incubation. ALB recorded the highest number of shoots (443.33), as compared to that in <span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Growtek® (42.67) and shake flasks (23.33). <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN; mso-bidi-font-style:italic">Furthermore, bacoside production in shoot cultures of the ALB system was <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">~ 1.75-fold higher as compared to cultures in shake flask. Nutrient exhaustion in spent medium from the various systems was also measured. Present work reports the feasibility of shoot cultivation in liquid medium to develop a suitable bioreactor strategy. </span

Bioactivity evaluation of least explored traditionally acclaimed medicinally potent herb Nanorrhinum ramosissimum(Wall.) Betsche

Abstract Present study analysed the therapeutic potential of traditionally acclaimed medicinal herb Nanorrhinum ramosissimum, using plant parts extracted with different solvents (10 mg/mL). Shoot extracts exhibited comparatively better antimicrobial properties, in comparison to root extracts. Total phenolic content was estimated, to ascertain its dependency on antioxidant properties of plant extracts. Antioxidant assay revealed promising results in comparison to IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid (52.2±0.07 µg/mL), for methanolic extracts of shoot (61.07±0.53 µg/mL and 64.33±0.33 µg/mL) and root (76.705±0.12 µg/mL and 89.73±0.28 µg/ mL) for in vivo and in vitro regenerants respectively. Correlation coefficient R2 values ranged between 0.90-0.95, indicating a positive correlation between phenolic contents and antioxidant activity. Plant extracts were also able to inhibit DNA oxidative damage again indicating their antioxidative potential. Antidiabetic potential was confirmed by alpha amylase inhibition assay where shoot methanolic extracts (invivo, in vitro) exhibited the best IC50 values (54.42±0.16 µg/mL, 66.09±0.12 µg/mL) in comparison to standard metformin (41.92±0.08 µg/mL). Ethanolic extracts of roots (in vitro, invivo) exhibited the relative IC50 values (88.97±0.32µg/mL,96.63±0.44 µg/mL) indicating that shoot parts had a better alpha amylase inhibition property; thus proving the herb’s bioactive potential and its prospective therapeutic source for curing various ailments

Enhanced bacoside production in shoot cultures of <i>Bacopa monnieri</i> under the influence of abiotic elicitors

<div><p>The effect of different abiotic elicitors [jasmonic acid, copper sulphate (CuSO₄) and salicyclic acid] at varying concentrations on the stimulation of biomass and bacoside production in <i>in vitro Bacopa monnieri</i> shoot culture was studied. A systematic study conducted over a period of 35 days indicated that the maximum bacoside production (6.74 mg g^− 1 dry weight (DW)) was obtained after a lag of 7 days and thereafter, the content decreased gradually to again increase at 28 days (5.91 mg g^− 1 DW). Therefore, elicitation experiments were carried out over a period of 3, 6 and 9 days. The shoot cultures treated with 45 mg L^− 1 of CuSO₄ exhibited the highest bacoside content of 8.73 mg g^− 1 DW (∼1.42-fold higher) than in control cultures (6.14 mg g^− 1 DW). This study indicates the effectiveness of abiotic elicitation on bacoside production in <i>in vitro</i> shoot cultures of this medicinally important herb known for its memory-enhancing properties.</p></div

Dynamics of acid phosphatase production by cell suspension system and its further characterization

The current study compares the influence of media engineered media on production of acid phophatase (APase) with its characterization in suspension cell cultures of Atropa acuminata, authenticated by rbcL and ITS. Various parameters like pH, inoculum size, temperature, nutrient sources in the medium were optimized for APase hyperproduction in in vitro conditions. APase production was accomplished to be evidently amplified at 5% inoculum size (94.90 U/gFW), pH 5.0(99.75 U/gFW) and incubation temperature of 30°C (91.5U/gFW). Sucrose as carbon and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources were eminently suited for maximum enzyme harvest (91.20 U/gFW and 94.56 U/gFW). The APase activity was observed to be distinctly increased in phosphate (Pi) starved suspension cells (197.84 U/gFW). Overall, 6.5 fold increase in APase activity was achieved as compared to the activity before optimization studies. Hence the present Apase production and its activity from Atropa acuminata suspension culture may have apparent use for future industrial, agricultural and biotechnological application.Keywords: Acuminata; Acid phosphatase; p-nitrophenylphosphate; Suspension cells; Pi-starvatio

Dynamics of acid phosphatase production by cell suspension system and its further characterization

The current study compares the influence of media engineered media on production of acid phophatase (APase) with its characterization in suspension cell cultures of Atropa acuminata, authenticated by rbcL and ITS. Various parameters like pH, inoculum size, temperature, nutrient sources in the medium were optimized for APase hyperproduction in in vitro conditions. APase production was accomplished to be evidently amplified at 5% inoculum size (94.90 U/gFW), pH 5.0(99.75 U/gFW) and incubation temperature of 30°C (91.5U/gFW). Sucrose as carbon and ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources were eminently suited for maximum enzyme harvest (91.20 U/gFW and 94.56 U/gFW). The APase activity was observed to be distinctly increased in phosphate (Pi) starved suspension cells (197.84 U/gFW). Overall, 6.5 fold increase in APase activity was achieved as compared to the activity before optimization studies. Hence the present Apase production and its activity from Atropa acuminata suspension culture may have apparent use for future industrial, agricultural and biotechnological application.Keywords: Acuminata; Acid phosphatase; p-nitrophenylphosphate; Suspension cells; Pi-starvatio

An Insight into Vaginal Microbiome Techniques

There is a unique microbial community in the female lower genital tract known as the vaginal microbiota, which varies in composition and density and provides significant benefits during pregnancy, reproductive cyclicity, healthy newborn delivery, protection from preterm birth, infections such as UTIs, bacterial vaginosis, and so on, and improves the efficacy of treatments for vaginal cancers. Methods: It is necessary to know how the vaginal microbiome is composed in order to make an accurate diagnosis of the diseases listed above. A microbiome&rsquo;s members are difficult to classify, and the way microbial communities function and influence host&ndash;pathogen interactions are difficult to understand. More and more metagenomic studies are able to unravel such complexities due to advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. When it comes to vaginal microbiota research, we&rsquo;ll be looking at the use of modern techniques and strategies that can be used to investigate variations in vaginal microbiota in order to detect diseases earlier, better treat vaginal disorders, and boost women&rsquo;s health. Discussion: The discussed techniques and strategies may improve the treatment of vaginal disorders and may be beneficial for women&rsquo;s overall health