EFFECTS OF A BARRIER LAYER IN INGAAS CHANNEL MOSFETS FOR ANALOG/ MIXED SIGNAL SYSTEM-ON-CHIP APPLICATIONS

Addition of a barrier layer in an InGaAs MOSFET, which shows promise for high performance logic applications due to enhanced electron mobility, further improves the electron mobility. We report, for the first time, a detailed investigation of the impact of different barrier layers on the analog performance of an InGaAs MOSFET. The device parameters for analog applications, such as transconductance (gm), transconductance-to-drive current ratio (gm/IDS), drain conductance (gd), intrinsic gain, and unity-gain cutoff frequency (fT) are studied with the help of a device simulator. A barrier layer is found to improve the analog performance of such a device in general; with a double-barrier layer showing the best performance

Unraveling Cellular Heterogeneity: Insights From Single-Cell Omics Technologies

In the era of precision medicine and personalized healthcare, the emergence of single-cell omics technologies has revolutionized our comprehension of cellular biology. This abstract offers an overview of the rapidly expanding field of single-cell omics, which encompasses genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenomics, detailing its transformative impact across various scientific disciplines. Single-cell omics techniques have introduced an unprecedented level of cellular resolution, empowering researchers to meticulously dissect intricate cellular heterogeneity and dynamics within tissues and organisms. Through the profiling of individual cells, these methodologies have shed light on novel insights spanning developmental biology, cancer research, immunology, neurobiology, and microbiology. The integration of multi-modal single-cell data holds the promise of providing a comprehensive view of cellular systems. This abstract underscores the potential of single-cell omics in unraveling the complexities inherent in biological systems, propelling advancements in diagnostics, and catalyzing the development of targeted therapeutics as part of the broader pursuit of precision medicine

Advancing Biomedical Frontiers: Unveiling The Potential Of 3d Bioprinting In Organ Regeneration

The advent of 3D bioprinting marks a pivotal moment in biomedical research and healthcare, unlocking a realm of possibilities. This abstract explores the transformative potential of 3D bioprinting technology, its diverse applications in medical domains, and the inherent challenges it faces. 3D bioprinting represents a revolutionary fusion of three-dimensional printing precision with the intricacies of biological materials. This groundbreaking technology revolutionizes the fabrication of intricate, customized structures by layering bioinks containing living cells, biomaterials, and growth factors. These engineered constructs faithfully replicate the complex architecture of native tissues and organs, presenting unprecedented opportunities for progress in regenerative medicine, drug testing, and disease modeling. The versatility of 3D bioprinting extends across various medical fields. In regenerative medicine, the ability to craft tissue grafts and organ substitutes tailored to individual patients has the potential to transform transplantation procedures, overcoming challenges like donor shortages and organ rejection. Additionally, pharmaceutical companies are employing 3D bioprinting to generate functional tissue models for drug testing, reducing reliance on animal testing and speeding up drug development processes. 3D bioprinting represents a transformative technology with the potential to advance healthcare through personalized regenerative solutions, ethical drug testing practices, and an improved understanding of diseases.However, the adoption of 3D bioprinting is not without its challenges. The intricacy of the bioprinting process necessitates a profound understanding of cellular biology, materials science, and engineering. Overcoming hurdles related to ensuring cell viability and functionality within printed structures is paramount, along with the imperative to scale up production for clinical applications. Ethical and regulatory considerations also emerge, particularly in the context of printing human tissues and organs

Fish Otolith Microchemistry as a Biomarker of Metal Pollution in the Estuarine Ecosystem

Numerous metal pollutants naturally find their way into estuaries, where many of them build up in the bodies of fish. While otoliths can give a historical record of pollution exposure, metal concentrations in soft tissue and water samples require ongoing, long-term sampling procedures. Fish have otoliths, which are three pairs of ear bones called the sagitta, lapillus, and asteriscus. The chemical makeup of these otoliths can be a useful tool to determine the presence of hazardous substances in fish because the physiological activity of fish is controlled by a variety of environmental factors. The possible use of otoliths as inorganic tracers of metal contamination will be covered in this chapter

Not Available

Not AvailableThe Moontail bullseye, Priacanthus hamrur is commonly found in the outer reef slopes and deep-sea waters. In small aggregations, sometimes it is found as schools of this fish are also observed in oceanic locations. Also found under ledges or hovering next to coral heads during the day. In the present study, 279 specimens were collected from Kakinada, Kolkata, Cochin and Mumbai to investigate the stock differentiation among the populations. A total of 14 morphometric traits and 11 landmark points with 14 truss variables were studied. Factor analysis of different truss variable showed that shapes belonging to a middle portion of the body, anal fin, caudal fin, dorsal fin region and head portion are plays an important role in differentiating the stocks. All four stocks are separated in the present study. Correct classification of 82.16% is shown by discriminant function analysis of truss measurements within the stocks. The present study will provide the different management strategy of P. hamrur along the Indian coast, and also it can be a useful study for the sustainable management of this resource.Not Availabl

Perforated Turbostratic Graphene As Active Layer in a Nonvolatile Resistive Switching Memory Device

Perforated turbostratic graphene (PTG) sheets have been synthesized from a natural waste material, dead bougainvillea bracts, using a single-step pyrolysis method, and a resistive switching (RS) memory device has been constructed with it for the very first time. Herein, the edges of these large-area multilayer graphene sheets are highly conducting due to the turbostratic stacking between the adjacent layers of the graphene sheets. These highly conducting PTG sheets embedded inside an insulating polymer matrix can act as an active layer for resistive switching memory devices. This hybrid structure shows nonlinear resistance change between two distinct resistance states by simple bias voltage variation. The trap-assisted space-charge-limited conduction can realize the high resistive state (HRS), whereas the low resistive state (LRS) takes place through direct conduction. To achieve the best performing device, a number of optimizations have been performed, like the variation of polymer matrices, variation of PTG and polymer concentration, active layer thickness variation, and top electrode area variation. The best performing device showed reproducibility of current–voltage data (>200 cycles), low power consumption (SET voltage 104), a long retention time (>104 s), and a large number of endurance cycles (>103). High writing-read-erase-read speed and flexibility/bending cycle tests were also carried out on the best-performing device to examine its tenacity. The current PTG-based flexible RS memory device derived from a biowaste, dead bougainvillea bracts, can provide an important step toward developing green electronics

Tunable thin-film crystalline structures and field-effect mobility of oligofluorene-thiophene derivatives

Air-stable p-type semiconducting oligofluorene-thiophene derivatives were vacuum-deposited on octadecyltriethoxysilane-treated SiO2/Si substrates. Effects of end-substituents and substrate deposition temperature (T-D) on molecular orientation, crystalline morphologies, and structures in these thin films were investigated by two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, and those results were correlated with charge mobility in top-contacted devices. Crystalline morphologies of the first monolayer thin film in direct contact with the dielectric surface, influenced by T(D)s (25, 90, and 140 degrees C) and end-substituted groups (hydrogen, hexyl, and dodecyl), could be categorized as dendrite, compact disk, and single-crystal-like layered grains. The results of grazing incidence X-ray diffraction strongly support that molecular orientation in the films can be finely tuned through controlling substrate, T-D, and molecular architecture, resulting in high air stability and field-effect mobility in a top-contacted electrode of organic thin film transistors