Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Patients with Essential Hypertension Treated with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Blockers

Wstęp Celem pracy jest ocena częstości oraz stopnia nasilenia nadreaktywności skurczowej oskrzeli u chorych z łagodnym i umiarkowanym nadciśnieniem tętniczym pierwotnym leczonych enalaprilem. Materiał i metody Zbadano 34 pacjentów Poradni Kliniki Nadciśnienia Tętniczego Instytutu Kardiologii w Warszawie,obojga płci,w wieku 27 –63 lat (śr.48 ± 8) leczonych enalaprilem w dawce 20 –40 mg na dobę (śr.20,6 mg),podawanej w 2.porcjach dziennie.Badanie trwało 12 tygodni.Przed wdrożeniem leczenia enalaprilem,po pierwszej 10-miligramowej dawce leku oraz po 4 i 12 tygodniu leczenia,po 3 godzinach od zażycia porannej porcji leku wykonywano badania czynnościowe oddychania i reaktywności skurczowej oskrzeli w próbie histaminowej.Pomiary ciśnienia tętniczego wykonywano metodą standardową (sfigmomanometrem rtęciowym),przed każdym badaniem czynnościowym oddychania po 15-minutowym odpoczynku. Wyniki Wartości ciśnienia tętniczego obniżyły się istotnie statystycznie z wartości średnio 155,2/100,2 mm Hg przed leczeniem do 132,2/82,4 mm Hg po 12-tygo-dniowym leczeniu przy zastosowaniu średniej dawki dobowej enalaprilu 20,6 mg.Jeden dzień przed wdrożeniem leczenia enalaprilem nadreaktywność oskrzeli różnym stopniu nasilenia stwierdzono u 12 (35%) osób,a obturację niewielkiego stopnia bez klinicznej manifestacji objawów u 4 chorych (11%).Po 12 tygodniach leczenia enalaprilem liczba osób z nadreaktywnością zwiększyła się do 14,zaś z obturacją — do 5. Badanie zakończyło 31 pacjentów.U trojga przerwano leczenie ze względu na wystąpienie kaszlu o dużym nasileniu:u jednego —po 4 tygodniach zażywania leku,a u dwóch —po 10 tygodniach leczenia. U tych osób stwierdzono nadreaktywność oskrzeli dużego stopnia zarówno przed podaniem leku,jak i w badaniu poprzedzającym jego odstawienie.Pojawienie się kaszlu stwierdzono u 9 chorych (26,5%). U tych osób stwierdzono nadreaktywność skurczową oskrzeli średniego bądź dużego stopnia. Wnioski U 1/3 chorych z nadciśnieniem pierwotnym łagodnym i umiarkowanym stwierdza się nadreaktywność skurczową oskrzeli.U tych pacjentów, w toku leczenia hipotensyjnego enalaprilem obserwowano tendencję do nasilania stopnia nadreaktywności skurczowej oskrzeli.Suchy,napadowy kaszel w trakcie leczenia hipotensyjnego enalaprilem wystąpił jedynie u osób ze stwierdzaną nadreaktywnością oskrzeli w okresie przed podaniem preparatuBackground The aim of the paper was to assess the inci- dence and intensity of the bronchial hyperreactivity in pa- tients suffering from mild and moderate essential arterial hypertension treated with enalapril. Material and methods 34 patients both sexes aged 27 –63 years (mean 48)treated twice daily with 20 –40 mg of ena- lapril (mean dose 20,6 mg)were studied for 12 weeks.To investigate the influence of the medication on cough and bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR)appearance the bronchial challenge test with histamine was performed before and after the first dosing day,after first 4 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment.The blood pressure was measured by routine method before each pulmonary procedure after 15 minute resting conditions. Results During the time of investigation the blood pres- sure was reduced significantly from average 155,2/ /100,2 mm Hg before treatment and reached the normal value (mean 132,2/82,4 mm Hg)after 12 week medication. In the beginning of the observation 12/34 (35%)patients had confirmed BHR,after 12 weeks of observation the number increased to 14.The cough was present in 9/34 patients,three of them had to stop the medication due to cough intensity.Patients which had to stop the medica- tion appertained to the group of high and moderate levels of bronchial hyperreactivity.The number of patients with obstructive pattern in pulmonary function changed from 3 to 5 during the 12 weeks observation period. Conclusions It was noticed the bronchial hyperreactivity in one-third of tested patients.The tendency to increase in bronchial reactivity in patients with blood hyperten- sion treated with angiotensin converting enzyme block- ers was observed.Dry paroxysmal cough was present only in patients with increased bronchial hyperreactivity be- fore introduction of angiotensin converting enzyme blockers

New glomeromycotan taxa, Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. and Epigeocarpum crypticum gen. nov. et sp. nov. from Brazil, and Silvaspora gen. nov. from New Caledonia

Examination of fungal specimens collected in the Atlantic rain forest ecosystems of Northeast Brazil revealed many potentially new epigeous and semihypogeous glomerocarp-producing species of the phylum Glomeromycota. Among them were two fungi that formed unorganized epigeous glomerocarps with glomoid spores of almost identical morphology. The sole structure that distinguished the two fungi was the laminate layer 2 of their three-layered spore wall, which in spores of the second fungus crushed in PVLG-based mountants contracted and, consequently, transferred into a crown-like structure. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 18SITS- 28S nuc rDNA and the rpb1 gene indicated that these glomerocarps represent two strongly divergent undescribed species in the family Glomeraceae. The analyses placed the first in the genus Dominikia, and the second in a sister clade to the monospecific generic clade Kamienskia with Kamienskia bistrata. The first species was described here as Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. Because D. glomerocarpica is the first glomerocarp-forming species in Dominikia, the generic description of this genus was emended. The very large phylogenetic distance and the fundamental morphological differences between the second species and K. bistrata suggested us to introduce a new genus, here named as Epigeocarpum gen. nov., and name the new species Epigeocarpum crypticum sp. nov. In addition, our analyses also focused on an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described as Rhizophagus neocaledonicus, later transferred to the genus Rhizoglomus. The analyses indicated that this species does not belong to any of these two genera but represents a new clade at the rank of genus in the Glomeraceae, here described as Silvaspora gen. nov

A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

As a result of phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and morphological analyses of members of the genus Claroideoglomus, four potential new glomoid spore-producing species and Entrophospora infrequens, a new order, Entrophosporales, with one family, Entrophosporaceae (=Claroideoglomeraceae), was erected in the phylum Glomeromycota. The phylogenomic analyses recovered the Entrophosporales as sister to a clade formed by Diversisporales and Glomeraceae. The strongly conserved entrophosporoid morph of E. infrequens, provided with a newly designated epitype, was shown to represent a group of cryptic species with the potential to produce different glomoid morphs. Of the four potential new species, three enriched the Entrophosporales as new Entrophospora species, E. argentinensis, E. glacialis, and E. furrazolae, which originated from Argentina, Sweden, Oman, and Poland. The fourth fungus appeared to be a glomoid morph of the E. infrequens epitype. The physical association of the E. infrequens entrophosporoid and glomoid morphs was reported and illustrated here for the first time. The phylogenetic analyses, using nuc rDNA and rpb1 concatenated sequences, confirmed the previous conclusion that the genus Albahypha in the family Entrophosporaceae sensu Oehl et al. is an unsupported taxon. Finally, the descriptions of the Glomerales, Entrophosporaceae, and Entrophospora were emended and new nomenclatural combinations were introduced

A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

As a result of phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and morphological analyses of members of the genus Claroideoglomus, four potential new glomoid spore-producing species and Entrophospora infrequens, a new order, Entrophosporales, with one family, Entrophosporaceae (=Claroideoglomeraceae), was erected in the phylum Glomeromycota. The phylogenomic analyses recovered the Entrophosporales as sister to a clade formed by Diversisporales and Glomeraceae. The strongly conserved entrophosporoid morph of E. infrequens, provided with a newly designated epitype, was shown to represent a group of cryptic species with the potential to produce different glomoid morphs. Of the four potential new species, three enriched the Entrophosporales as new Entrophospora species, E. argentinensis, E. glacialis, and E. furrazolae, which originated from Argentina, Sweden, Oman, and Poland. The fourth fungus appeared to be a glomoid morph of the E. infrequens epitype. The physical association of the E. infrequens entrophosporoid and glomoid morphs was reported and illustrated here for the first time. The phylogenetic analyses, using nuc rDNA and rpb1 concatenated sequences, confirmed the previous conclusion that the genus Albahypha in the family Entrophosporaceae sensu Oehl et al. is an unsupported taxon. Finally, the descriptions of the Glomerales, Entrophosporaceae, and Entrophospora were emended and new nomenclatural combinations were introduced

A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

As a result of phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and morphological analyses of members of the genus Claroideoglomus, four potential new glomoid spore-producing species and Entrophospora infrequens, a new order, Entrophosporales, with one family, Entrophosporaceae (=Claroideoglomeraceae), was erected in the phylum Glomeromycota. The phylogenomic analyses recovered the Entrophosporales as sister to a clade formed by Diversisporales and Glomeraceae. The strongly conserved entrophosporoid morph of E. infrequens, provided with a newly designated epitype, was shown to represent a group of cryptic species with the potential to produce different glomoid morphs. Of the four potential new species, three enriched the Entrophosporales as new Entrophospora species, E. argentinensis, E. glacialis, and E. furrazolae, which originated from Argentina, Sweden, Oman, and Poland. The fourth fungus appeared to be a glomoid morph of the E. infrequens epitype. The physical association of the E. infrequens entrophosporoid and glomoid morphs was reported and illustrated here for the first time. The phylogenetic analyses, using nuc rDNA and rpb1 concatenated sequences, confirmed the previous conclusion that the genus Albahypha in the family Entrophosporaceae sensu Oehl et al. is an unsupported taxon. Finally, the descriptions of the Glomerales, Entrophosporaceae, and Entrophospora were emended and new nomenclatural combinations were introduced

Europejska polityka bezpieczeństwa i integracji

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Distribution of adipose tissue among the students of the same body height

The aim of this article is to present the distribution of adipose tissue in the groups of women and men of the same body height. The results of skinfold thickness measurements in men and women (1969 candidates to study Physical Education at the University of Physical Education in Poznań and at the University of Zielona Góra in the years 1995-2010 – 680 men and 1289 women) constitute the material used in the paper. 10 groups ranging upward from 162 cm to 182 cm were selected out of the respondents. In accordance with the principles of anthropometry, the authors measured the thickness of five skinfolds: on the abdomen, on the hip, on the arm, under the lower angle of a shoulder blade and on the lower leg. For each age category and each skinfold basic statistical characteristics were calculated (the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, the level of significance of differences between means of characteristics and Mollison indicator). The analysis of the obtained results demonstrates that: 1. Average thickness of fatty tissue on the arm and hip is characteristic for men and on the abdomen and lower leg for women. With respect to fatty skinfold under the shoulder blade there is no clear picture – although in majority, higher values are characteristic for men. 2. The biggest statistically significant differences in a dimorphic sense refer to fatty skinfolds on the arm, abdomen and lower leg, and they increase with higher category of body height in both sexes. 3. Regardless of body height range, fatty skinfolds on the arm and hip (men), and on the abdomen and lower leg (women) best characterize dimorphic differences in the distribution and thickness of adipose tissue among the respondents. 4. The distribution of adipose tissue in the female respondents is shifted towards the male pattern (especially folds on the arm) what would confirm the suggestions about masculinization of women.Celem niniejszego opracowania jest przedstawienie rozkładu podściółki tłuszczowej w grupach kobiet i mężczyzn o jednakowej wysokości ciała. Materiał wykorzystany w pracy stanowią wyniki pomiarów grubości fałdów skórno-tłuszczowych mężczyzn i kobiet – kandydatów na studia wychowania fizycznego w Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego w Poznaniu i Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego w latach 1995-2010 w liczbie 1969 osób (w tym 680 mężczyzn i 1289 kobiet). Spośród badanych osób wybrano 10 grup wzrostowych poczynając od 162 cm do 182 cm. Zgodnie z zasadami antropometrii, zmierzono wśród badanych grubość pięciu fałdów skórno-tłuszczowych: na brzuchu, na biodrze, na ramieniu, pod dolnym kątem łopatki i na podudziu. Dla każdej kategorii wieku i każdego fałdu obliczono podstawowe charakterystyki statystyczne (średnią arytmetyczną, odchylenie standardowe, współczynnik zmienności, poziom istotności różnic między średnimi cech oraz wskaźnik Mollisona). Analiza uzyskanych wyników pozwala odnotować: 1. Średnie grubości tkanki tłuszczowej na ramieniu i biodrze są charakterystyczne u mężczyzn, a na brzuchu i podudziu u kobiet. W odniesieniu do fałdu skórno-tłuszczowego pod łopatką, brak jest jednoznacznego obrazu – choć w większości wyższe wartości cechują mężczyzn. 2. Największe różnice statystycznie istotne w ujęciu dymorficznym dotyczą fałdów skórno-tłuszczowych na ramieniu, na brzuchu i na podudziu, które zwiększają się wraz z wyższą kategorią wysokości ciała u obu płci. 3. Fałdy skórno – tłuszczowe na ramieniu i biodrze (mężczyźni) oraz na brzuchu i podudziu (kobiety) bez względu na przedział wysokości ciała najpełniej charakteryzują dymorficzne różnice rozmieszczenia i grubości podściółki tłuszczowej wśród badanych kobiet i mężczyzn. 4. Rozkład tkanki tłuszczowej kandydatek na studia w uczelniach wychowania fizycznego przesunięty jest w kierunku wzorca męskiego (zwłaszcza fałd na ramieniu), co potwierdzałoby sugestie o maskulinizacji kobiet

Cultivation of Reed Canary Grass (<i>Phalaris arundinacea</i> L.) on Light Soils in Transitional Temperate Climate to Produce Biomass and Seeds

Reed canary grass (RCG) is a native perennial grass with a wide range of uses that naturally occurs in moist habitats. The conducted research indicates the possibilities of RCG cultivation outside natural, humid habitats in monoculture on sandy soils in temperate climates to obtain biomass and seeds. The influence of two factors was analysed: (1) fertilisation with compost from urban greenery in doses of 0, 10, and 20 Mg·ha−1 and (2) mineral nitrogen fertilisation in doses of 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg·ha−1. Compost fertilisation (10 and 20 Mg·ha−1) increased dry matter yields in all years of the study, by 12.1% and 41.0%, respectively. Also, nitrogen fertilisation in doses of 40, 80, and 120 kg·ha−1 increased dry matter yield by 26.8%, 41.6%, and 65.0%, respectively. When harvesting RCG plants for energy biomass at their stage of full maturity, a significant seed yield of 242 to 600 kg·ha−1 can also be obtained in the first three years, while in the fourth year of use, the seed yield was almost three times lower (90–158 kg·ha−1). The obtained results indicate that, in sandy soils, the use of compost fertilisation in RCG cultivation can partially or entirely replace mineral fertilisation and ensure high and stable yields. An additional benefit may be the achievement of a high seed yield in the initial years of cultivation. The use of organic fertilisers and the independence from mineral fertilisers can significantly increase the profitability of bioenergy crops