PALLADIUM BASED CONTACTS TO GaAs AND InP

Au(85nm)/Pd(55nm) and Pd(55nm) metallizations were deposited on GaAs(lOO) and InP(100) substrates. The samples were heat treated in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The simultaneous observation of the volatile component loss (in situ) by Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA) and the change in surface morphology by SEM during the heart treatment using a heating rate of 30°C/min were carried out. The interaction of the metallization with compound semiconductor substrates was observed after the heat treatment by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using samples prepared by cross-sectional technique. In the course of the present work a large volatile component (arsenic and phosphorus) loss was observed for the samples coated by single layer metallization (at 410° C for Pd/GaAs and at 580°C for Pd/InP) and two peaks were registered in the case of Au/Pd metallization. In the latter case the cause of the second evaporation peak is the interaction between diffused gold and compound semiconductor. The SEM images of the surfaces demonstrate a significant change of the surface morphology at the singularities of the EGA curves. The grains grown into the semiconductors are shown by the cross-sectional images of the heat treated samples

Pulsatile Wall Motion (PWM) Measurements after Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Exclusion are not Useful in the Classification of Endoleak

AbstractThe pulsatile wall motion (PWM) of AAA is reduced after endovascular stent-graft placement. The purpose of this study was to identify whether PWM after endografting was useful in the classification of endoleak.Patients and Methods162 patients treated with EVAR underwent pre- and post-operative PWM assessment with ultrasonography. Follow-up was 1–9 years. 111 patients had well-excluded aneurysms, three patients had enlarging aneurysms without any recognizable endoleak (endotension), 16 had type I, 31 had type II and 1 had type III endoleak.ResultsThe PWM was reduced from about 1mm pre-operatively to 0.24mm post-operatively in well-excluded aneurysms. PWM remained stable during follow-up. Type I endoleak was associated with moderately reduced PWM (proximal endoleak 0.79mm and distal 0.32mm). PWM in patients with type II endoleak was higher (0.32mm) post-operatively (p=0.002) compared to well-excluded aneurysms.ConclusionPWM is permanently reduced after endografting. The smallest reduction in PWM was in patients with type II endoleaks. However, the overlap between the groups does not allow reliable identification of patients having endoleak with PWM-measurements

Adaptations in metabolism and protein translation give rise to the Crabtree effect in yeast

Aerobic fermentation, also referred to as the Crabtree effect in yeast, is a well-studied phenomenon that allows many eukaryal cells to attain higher growth rates at high glucose availability. Not all yeasts exhibit the Crabtree effect, and it is not known why Crabtree-negative yeasts can grow at rates comparable to Crabtree-positive yeasts. Here, we quantitatively compared two Crabtree-positive yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and two Crabtree-negative yeasts, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Scheffersomyces stipitis, cultivated under glucose excess conditions. Combining physiological and proteome quantification with genome-scale metabolic modeling, we found that the two groups differ in energy metabolism and translation efficiency. In Crabtree-positive yeasts, the central carbon metabolism flux and proteome allocation favor a glucose utilization strategy minimizing proteome cost as proteins translation parameters, including ribosomal content and/or efficiency, are lower. Crabtree-negative yeasts, however, use a strategy of maximizing ATP yield, accompanied by higher protein translation parameters. Our analyses provide insight into the underlying reasons for the Crabtree effect, demonstrating a coupling to adaptations in both metabolism and protein translation

Proteome reallocation from amino acid biosynthesis to ribosomes enables yeast to grow faster in rich media

Several recent studies have shown that the concept of proteome constraint, i.e., the need for the cell to balance allocation of its proteome between different cellular processes, is essential for ensuring proper cell function. However, there have been no attempts to elucidate how cells\u27 maximum capacity to grow depends on protein availability for different cellular processes. To experimentally address this, we cultivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae in bioreactors with or without amino acid supplementation and performed quantitative proteomics to analyze global changes in proteome allocation, during both anaerobic and aerobic growth on glucose. Analysis of the proteomic data implies that proteome mass is mainly reallocated from amino acid biosynthetic processes into translation, which enables an increased growth rate during supplementation. Similar findings were obtained from both aerobic and anaerobic cultivations. Our findings show that cells can increase their growth rate through increasing its proteome allocation toward the protein translational machinery

Deteksi Distribusi White Spot Syndrome Virus pada Berbagai Organ Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

One way to detect the presence of the White Spot Syndrome Virus in several organs Vaname shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) were infected with the method of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). WSSV virus isknown to attack various target organs, but it is difficult to detect early on shrimp. Therefore, this study aims todetect the presence of the distribution of White Spot Syndrome Virus in several organs Vaname shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) were infected with the Polymerase Chain Reaction method in order to early detectionefforts for the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by the virus. Organ observed that the swimming legs,gills, stomach and antennal gland. Research stages include sample preparation and DNA extraction, DNAamplification and electrophoresis. DNA extraction was performed using the method DTAB and CTAB-DNAamplification is done by using nested PCR. The emergence of DNA bands is an indicator of the presence ofWSSV in shrimp Vaname several organs which are then presented desktriptif. The results showed four WSSVinfected organs were observed. Based on the appearance, the entire sample of the swimming leg and antennalgland positively infected, then successively gills and stomach. The swimming leg can be used to diagnose thedisease early on shrimp WSSV Vaname without turning off the shrimp

Maturity associated variance in physical activity and health-related quality of life in adolescent females. A mediated effects model

BACKGROUND. This study tested a mediated effects model of psychological and behavioral adaptation to puberty within the context of physical activity (PA). METHODS. Biological maturity status, physical self-concept, PA, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were assessed in 222 female British year 7 to 9 pupils (mean age = 12.7 years, SD = .8). RESULTS. Structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation and bootstrapping procedures supported the hypothesized model. Maturation status was inversely related to perceptions of sport competence, body attractiveness, and physical condition; and indirectly and inversely related to physical self-worth, PA, and HRQoL. Examination of the bootstrap-generated bias-corrected confidence intervals representing the direct and indirect paths between suggested that physical self-concept partially mediated the relations between maturity status and PA, and maturity status and HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS. Evidence supports the contention that perceptions of the physical self partially mediate relations maturity, PA, and HRQoL in adolescent females

An Investigation of a Number of Liquid Propellants and a Study of Scale Effect on Jet Motor Performance

A considerable amount of work has been done at the Air corps Jet Propulsion Research Project with a spontaneously igniting propellant combination consisting of red fuming nitric acid and aniline. (Cf. Ref. 1,2,3,4,5, and 6) Similar studies have been carried out by the Navy Bureau of Aeronautics Projects and by the Aerojet Engineering Corporation. In this report and effort has been made to collect and discuss the results of these investigations and to describe the properties of a number of propellant components

Large-Amplitude Ultraviolet Variations in the RR Lyrae Star ROTSE-I J143753.84+345924.8

The NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) satellite has obtained simultaneous near and far ultraviolet light curves of the ROTSE-I Catalog RR Lyrae ab-type variable star J143753.84+345924.8. A series of 38 GALEX Deep Imaging Survey observations well distributed in phase within the star's 0.56432d period shows an AB=4.9mag variation in the far UV (1350-1750A) band and an AB=1.8mag variation in the near UV (1750-2750A) band, compared with only a 0.8mag variation in the broad, unfiltered ROTSE-I (4500-10000A) band. These GALEX UV observations are the first to reveal a large RR Lyrae amplitude variation at wavelengths below 1800A. We compare the GALEX and ROTSE-I observations to predictions made by recent Kurucz stellar atmosphere models. We use published physical parameters for the comparable period (0.57433d), well-observed RR Lyrae star WY Antliae to compute predicted FUV, NUV, and ROTSE-I light curves for J143753.84+345924.8. The observed light curves agree with the Kurucz predictions for [Fe/H]=-1.25 to within AB=0.2mag in the GALEX NUV and ROTSE-I bands, and within 0.5mag in the FUV. At all metallicities between solar and one hundredth solar, the Kurucz models predict 6-8mag of variation at wavelengths between 1000-1700A. Other variable stars with similar temperature variations, such as Cepheids, should also have large-amplitude FUV light curves, observable during the ongoing GALEX imaging surveys.Comment: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) Astrophysical Journal Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http:/www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS after November 22, 200

Agency, stewardship and the universal-family firm : a qualitative historical analysis

This paper introduces the idea of a non-kinship-based Universal-family firm, an organizational form we developed based on interpreting historical writings in their socio-economic context. We analyzed Luke’s gospel with an eye toward drawing implications for the stewardship-agency debate in the contemporary family business literature. Our paper makes contributions at two important levels. In addition to introducing and developing theory about the Universal-family firms, we also contribute to the methodological toolkit of family business scholars by providing a template for using historical documents to challenge, enhance and develop theory

Limits on the early afterglow phase of gamma-ray burst sources from TAROT-1

The T\'elescope \`a Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires (TAROT-1) has as prime objective the observation of the prompt and delayed emission of cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We have performed a search for optical emission from 6 GRBs detected by BATSE. The positioning error circle was fully covered within typically thirty minutes after the trigger. No detection of the early afterglow phase was made, and magnitude limits in the range of $\mathrm{m}_{\mathrm{R}} = 13-15$ were estimated using 20s exposures. These limits are compared to optical afterglow data obtained in later phases and the results are interpreted in terms of source distances. They correspond to a median redshift of z = 0.5. With HETE-2 and the planned instrument upgrade, TAROT-1 will be able to detect the early optical emission of GRBs up to a redshift of the order of 5.Comment: 7 pages, accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysic