27 research outputs found

    The global economy, a new vision for the euro

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    From our research, one of the key to restore European competitiveness appears to be the change of how the Euro is being calculated in order to reflect the recent weakness of the here above cited European countries economy. In nowadays global economy, European trading partners must learn how to play "global" and a change of parity between the Euro, the Yuan and the US dollar is consequently inevitable

    The global economy, a new vision for the euro

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    From our research, one of the key to restore European competitiveness appears to be the change of how the Euro is being calculated in order to reflect the recent weakness of the here above cited European countries economy. In nowadays global economy, European trading partners must learn how to play "global" and a change of parity between the Euro, the Yuan and the US dollar is consequently inevitable

    The case of societal collapse in Europe

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    Acknowledging that the growth forecast in France is nil or virtually non-existent and that it is also the case for the main European countries, EU governments will have to find tax revenues rapidly from their fellow citizens, which will exacerbate the tax burden, social inequalities and shortly, it will dramatically increase the risk of implosion of our societal organization

    Quelle place pour les adventices dans l’épidĂ©miosurveillance ? Rapport au ComitĂ© National d’EpidĂ©miosurveillance

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    La gestion des adventices est Ă  juste titre considĂ©rĂ©e comme un frein majeur Ă  l’adoption demĂ©thodes intĂ©grĂ©es de conduite des cultures peu dĂ©pendantes en produits phytosanitaires.Leur dynamique d’infestation se construisant sur plusieurs saisons culturales du fait du stock desemences dans le sol, les plantes adventices ne peuvent ĂȘtre gĂ©rĂ©es comme le seraient d’autresravageurs dĂ©pendant des seuls paramĂštres saisonniers pour dĂ©clencher leur Ă©pidĂ©mie. Pourautant notre groupe conclut que l’épidĂ©miosurveillance des adventices peut ĂȘtre utile Ă  unerationalisation des moyens de lutte. Elle peut permettre, sur le pas de temps court, d’optimiseren saison le choix tactique et le timing des interventions de tout ordre ayant un impact sur lesadventices et doit pour cela apparaĂźtre clairement dans les Bulletins de SantĂ© du VĂ©gĂ©tal (BSV).Sa compilation sur plusieurs saisons permettra de mieux saisir l’évolution de la flore et depointer du doigt les facteurs responsables sous-jacents. Ceux-ci constituent autant d’élĂ©ments Ă intĂ©grer dans l’analyse du risque et les prĂ©conisations stratĂ©giques qui peuvent en dĂ©couler. (...

    Minimal residual disease assessment in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia by semi-automated identification of normal hematopoietic cells:A EuroFlow study

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    Presence of minimal residual disease (MRD), detected by flow cytometry, is an important prognostic biomarker in the management of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). However, data-analysis remains mainly expert-dependent. In this study, we designed and validated an Automated Gating &amp; Identification (AGI) tool for MRD analysis in BCP-ALL patients using the two tubes of the EuroFlow 8-color MRD panel. The accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the AGI tool was validated in a multicenter study using bone marrow follow-up samples from 174 BCP-ALL patients, stained with the EuroFlow BCP-ALL MRD panel. In these patients, MRD was assessed both by manual analysis and by AGI tool supported analysis. Comparison of MRD levels obtained between both approaches showed a concordance rate of 83%, with comparable concordances between MRD tubes (tube 1, 2 or both), treatment received (chemotherapy versus targeted therapy) and flow cytometers (FACSCanto versus FACSLyric). After review of discordant cases by additional experts, the concordance increased to 97%. Furthermore, the AGI tool showed excellent intra-expert concordance (100%) and good inter-expert concordance (90%). In addition to MRD levels, also percentages of normal cell populations showed excellent concordance between manual and AGI tool analysis. We conclude that the AGI tool may facilitate MRD analysis using the EuroFlow BCP-ALL MRD protocol and will contribute to a more standardized and objective MRD assessment. However, appropriate training is required for the correct analysis of MRD data.</p

    Thieno (2,3-b) et (3,2-b) pyridines : synthese et activite antibacterienne

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    SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

    Research of Interactors of the Immunosuppressive Domain of Retroviral Envelope Proteins

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    La plupart des virus ont dĂ©veloppĂ© des mĂ©canismes de rĂ©sistance ou de suppression du systĂšme immunitaire pour parvenir Ă  infecter durablement leur hĂŽte. Ces mĂ©canismes demeurent encore imparfaitement connus. Un domaine immunosuppresseur (IS) a Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ© au niveau de la rĂ©gion transmembranaire des protĂ©ines d’enveloppe des rĂ©trovirus endogĂšnes ou infectieux. Ce domaine hautement conservĂ© a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crit par exemple comme inhibant l’activation lymphocytaire. Dans le laboratoire, il a Ă©tĂ© caractĂ©risĂ© en particulier via des expĂ©riences de rejet de cellules tumorales in vivo, ce qui a permis de dĂ©finir des mutations inactivatrices. Afin de mieux comprendre les mĂ©canismes de rĂ©sistance des rĂ©trovirus au systĂšme immunitaire, mes travaux de thĂšse ont portĂ© sur l’identification de la ou des protĂ©ines capables d’interagir avec le domaine IS. Plusieurs approches cellulaires et molĂ©culaires ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es, basĂ©es pour la plupart sur l’utilisation de sondes fluorescentes obtenues par synthĂšse chimique, constituĂ©es des domaines IS provenant de diffĂ©rents rĂ©trovirus. Dans un premier temps, les cellules du systĂšme immunitaire qui lient les protĂ©ines virales ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es : les lymphocytes B et les cellules myĂ©loĂŻdes (monocytes, cellules dendritiques et macrophages). Dans un second temps, des expĂ©riences de co-immunoprĂ©cipitation et de chromatographie d’affinitĂ© couplĂ©es Ă  la spectromĂ©trie de masse ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es dans le but d’identifier sur ces cellules les protĂ©ines membranaires responsables de ces liaisons. Plusieurs agents de couplages chimiques ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©s afin de maintenir les liaisons domaine IS - protĂ©ine de faibles affinitĂ©s. En raison de rĂ©sultats non-reproductibles obtenus au cours de ces expĂ©riences, des tests de liaison du domaine IS sur des cellules transfectĂ©es avec des banques d’ADNc, ou lors d’expĂ©riences de double hybride ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es. Ces deux approches ont permis d’identifier des protĂ©ines membranaires potentiellement impliquĂ©es dans la liaison du domaine IS : les protĂ©ines X1 et X2. Les co-transfections de vecteurs d’expression du domaine IS et de X2 ont mis en Ă©vidence des interactions protĂ©iques au cours d’expĂ©riences de co-immunoprĂ©cipitation et de microscopie confocale, en particulier avec le domaine IS du rĂ©trovirus HIV-1. Concernant X1, sa transfection induit la liaison cellulaire des domaines IS de HERV-W et MLV. En revanche, aucune interaction directe entre X1 et le domaine IS n’a pu ĂȘtre dĂ©montrĂ©e, notamment dans des expĂ©riences de co-immunoprĂ©cipitation et de microscopie confocale.La dĂ©couverte des protĂ©ines membranaires qui interagissent avec le domaine IS demeure un enjeu critique pour la comprĂ©hension des voies de signalisation et de transcription qui permettent aux rĂ©trovirus d’exercer leur effet sur le systĂšme immunitaire, l’objectif de ces travaux Ă©tant d’identifier Ă  terme des nouvelles cibles thĂ©rapeutiques.En conclusion, mĂȘme si des travaux complĂ©mentaires demeurent nĂ©cessaires, les protĂ©ines X1 et X2 pourraient contribuer Ă  l’immunosuppression rĂ©trovirale.Most viruses have developed mechanisms of resistance or suppression of the immune system to achieve lasting infection of their host. These mechanisms are still imperfectly known. An immunosuppressive (IS) domain has been identified in the transmembrane region of envelope proteins of endogenous or infectious retroviruses. This highly conserved domain has been described, for example, as inhibiting lymphocyte activation. In the laboratory, it has been characterized by tumor cell rejection experiments in vivo, which has made it possible to define inactivating mutations. In order to better understand the mechanisms of resistance of retroviruses to the immune system, my thesis focused on the identification of the protein(s) interacting with the IS domain. Several cellular and molecular approaches have been developed, based for the most part on the use of fluorescent probes obtained by chemical synthesis, consisting of IS domains from different retroviruses. At first, immune system cells that bind viral proteins have been identified: B cells and myeloid cells (monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages). In a second step, co-immunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were performed to identify on these cells the membrane proteins responsible for these bonds. Several chemical coupling agents have been used to prevent detachment of low affinity binding between proteins and the IS domain. Due to non-reproducible results obtained during these experiments, IS domain binding assays on cells transfected with cDNA libraries, or in double hybrid experiments were performed. These two approaches made it possible to identify membrane proteins potentially involved in the binding of the IS domain: the X1 and X2 proteins. Co-transfections of IS domain and X2 expression vectors demonstrated protein interactions in co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy experiments, particularly with the IS domain of the HIV-1 retrovirus. Concerning X1, its transfection induces binding of the IS domains of HERV-W and MLV on cells membrane. On the other hand, no direct interaction between X1 and the IS domain could be demonstrated, especially in co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy experiments.The discovery of membrane proteins that interact with the IS domain remains a critical issue for understanding the signaling and transcription pathways that allow retroviruses to exert their effect on the immune system, the aim of this work being to identify new therapeutic targets.In conclusion, although further work is still needed, the X1 and X2 proteins may contribute to retroviral immunosuppression

    Valorisation des essences naturelles : acetylation des alcools terpeniques en presence de N, N-dimethylamino-4 pyridine : mecanisme et selectivite de la reaction

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    SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

    LA PRIVATISATION; CONCEPT DE GOUVERNANCE

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    'privatisation' 'gouvernance' 'service public'
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