Comparing the Effects of Sulfasalazine and Shilajit on Liver Damage Caused by Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Male Rats

Background and Objective: Liver damage is one of the common complications after ulcerative colitis. The aim of this study is to compare liver protective effects of sulfasalazine and shilajit after ulcerative colitis. Methods: In this experimental intervention study, 49 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 grams were used in seven groups of 7: sham, ulcerative colitis, oral solution, oral Shilajit, sulfasalazine, rectal solution, and rectal Shilajit. To induce ulcerative colitis, after anesthetizing the animal, 2 cc of acetic acid (4%) was used by rectal administration. Four days after the development of colitis, Shilajit was administered for four days at a dose of 250 mg/kg by gavage and rectal methods. In each group, the levels of liver enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP), direct bilirubin, total, and serum albumin were evaluated eight days after the induction of ulcerative colitis. Findings: Sulfasalazine decreased total bilirubin (0.5967±0.04) and SGOT (113.3±12.7). Administering Shilajit rectally reduced direct bilirubin (0.10±0.02), albumin (3.17±0.2), SGOT (156.2±12.7) and administering Shilajit by gavage reduced SGOT (125.0±12.7), direct bilirubin (0.094±0.02), SGOT (125.0±12.7) and SGPT (93.8±7.5). Conclusion: The results of the study showed that oral administration of Shilajit has more protective effects on liver damage caused by ulcerative colitis than rectal Shilajit, and this result is comparable to sulfasalazine

Serum level of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in addicted patients with coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND: Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a glycoprotein with inhibitory effects on the formation of plasmin from plasminogen by plasminogen activator. Thus, it prevents clot lysis in vessel walls. Several evidences prove the relationship between coronary artery disease and response to fibrinolytic therapy in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with PAI-1 level. Opium addiction is one of the most important factors in causing MI and cardiovascular events. This is due to it causing imbalance between coagulation and anticoagulation factors in the blood. This study was designed and implemented to determine the levels of PAI-I in opium-addicted patients with coronary artery disease in comparison with non addicts. METHODS: In this case-control study, 160 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), which was confirmed by angiography results, were enrolled. All of the patients had a medical history, their creatinine levels and lipid profile were evaluated, morphine urine test was performed, and after that a blood sample was taken to determine the levels of PAI-1. Thus, the 80 patients who had a positive morphine urine test result formed the case group, and the control group was constituted of the 80 patients with negative morphine test results. The two groups were matched. FINDINGS: Average level of PAI-1 in the control group was 2.4 ± 2.6 and in the case group was 8.8 ± 9.1 and it was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The frequency of two vessel disease was higher in opium addicted patients than non-addicted patients and this was statistically significant (P = 0.030). However, the frequency of single vessel and three vessel disease was the same in the two groups. The two groups had no differences in age, lipid profile, and creatinine level. Moreover, females are at a higher risk of high PAI-1 levels. CONCLUSION: PAI-1 levels in opium addicted patients with CHD are higher than other patients. In these patients, the risk of atherosclerosis and MI is higher than normal

EFFECT OF MORPHINE DEPENDENCY ON BONE REPAIR PROCESS IN THE CORTICAL BONE OF TIBIA IN RATS

Several environmental factors have been found 10 affect the process of bone healing including malnutrition and smoking. To our knowledge. the effect or addiction on bone repair process has not been studied yet. This study was designed to investigate the effects or morphine dependency on bone repair process in rats. Filly six rats were divided into two groups randomly, each group containing 28 rats. The rats in study group got morphine by adding morphine powder to their water fer 21 days. Then morphine dependency was confirmed by injecting naloxon intra-peritoneally. Both groups underwent surgery and a fixed round hole was created in antcromcdial aspect of the tibia. Bone biopsy was performed 011 days 3. 6. 10 and 20. on 7 randomly selected rats from each group and the results of microscopic study were analyzed by 1&quot;.&amp;bull;1:Inn Whitney test. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups according to neutrophilic exudates percentage and granulation tissue formation on 3nl day (P -: (l.OOS). neutrophilic exudates percentage tP&amp;gt; 0.01) and immature bone formation on 6th day (P&apos;-; 0.(05). immature bone formation (P&amp;gt; 0.(01) and mature bone formation (P &amp;lt; f1.(5) on 10til day and mcscncliyrunl tissue formation on 20111 day (P &amp;lt; 0.05). It is concluded that the process of bone repair in a hole created in the rat tibia is markedly delayed in morphine-dependent rats

Incidence trend of breast Cancer in women of eastern Mediterranean region countries from 1998 to 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This study was conducted to provide evidence on the current status of breast cancer and its incidence trend in Eastern Mediterranean Region during 1998-2019. Also, this study aimed to investigate the association between the incidence of breast cancer and Human Development Index and some factors related to this index, including total fertility rate, and obesity, using a meta-analysis. Method: Data on incidence of breast cancer were collected from various sources, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and WHO, from 1998 to 2019 using systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled age standardized rate was calculated based on study duration and quality of data using a subgroup analysis and random effect meta-analysis. Results: A total of 80 studies (545 data points) were analyzed. Pooled age standardized rate of breast cancer for Eastern Mediterranean Region was 37.1 per 100,000 person-year (95 confidence interval CI, 34.5, 39.8) during 2011-2019. age standardized rate of breast cancer had an upward trend in Eastern Mediterranean Region from 2005 to 2019. However, the increasing trend was found to be slightly different in various regions based on quality of data. Moreover, pooled age standardized rate had a significant association with Human Development Index -89.2 (95% CI,-119.8,-58.7) and obesity 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9, 1.5). Conclusion: Pooled age standardized rate of breast cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Region was lower than the global average. Also, the age standardized rate value and its incremental trend have been higher in countries with high-quality data than in other countries of this region in recent years. Data quality or physiological factors, such as increase in obesity rates, could be the reasons for this incremental trend. © 2020 The Author(s)

Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in an Urban and Peri-urban Setting, Kerman, Southeastern Iran (KERCADR Study): Methodology and Preliminary Report

Background: This article was to present the sampling and measurements methods and the main preliminary findings of the KERCADR cohort study (first round) in an urban and peri-urban setting, Kerman, southeastern Iran2009-11. Method: 5900 (3238 female) people aged between 15 to 75 years were recruited in the household survey by non-proportional to size one-stage cluster sampling. Trained internal specialists, general practitioners, clinical psychologists and dentists have assessed the study subjects by person-assisted questionnaires regarding different NCD risk factors including cigarette and opium smoking, physical activity, nutrition habits, anxiety, depression, obesity, hypertension and oral health. Blood samples were also collected for determining FBS, HbA1c, cholesterol and triglyceride. Weighted standardized prevalence estimates were calculated by STATA 10 survey analysis package. Results: The participation rate was more than 95% in all subgroups. Cigarette smoking (18.4% vs. 1.2%), opium use (17.8% vs. 3.0%) and triglyceridemia (16.1% vs. 12.0%) were significantly higher among men than women. In contrast, women were presented with higher level of sever anxiety (29.1% vs. 16.7%), obesity (16.8% vs. 9.2%), low-physical activity (45.1% vs. 39.2%) and uncontrolled diabetes (60.2% vs. 31.0%). More than 68% of all subjects have presented with moderate to severe gingival index scores. Conclusion: The first round of the KERCADR cohort with sufficient sample size and response rate provided precise estimates for the main clinical and para-clinical NCD risk factors. These evidences need to be translated into public health interventions and monitored in the next rounds of the cohort

Cancer incidence in Iran in 2014: Results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry

Background: We aimed to report, for the first time, the results of the Iranian National Population-based Cancer Registry (INPCR) for the year 2014. Methods: Total population of Iran in 2014 was 76,639,000. The INPCR covered 30 out of 31 provinces (98 of total population). It registered only cases diagnosed with malignant new primary tumors. The main sources for data collection included pathology center, hospitals as well as death registries. Quality assessment and analysis of data were performed by CanReg-5 software. Age standardized incidence rates (ASR) (per 100,000) were reported at national and subnational levels. Results: Overall, 112,131 new cancer cases were registered in INPCR in 2014, of which 60,469 (53.9) were male. The diagnosis of cancer was made by microscopic confirmation in 76,568 cases (68.28). The ASRs of all cancers were 177.44 and 141.18 in male and female, respectively. Cancers of the stomach (ASR = 21.24), prostate (18.41) and colorectum (16.57) were the most common cancers in men and the top three cancers in women were malignancies of breast (34.53), colorectum (11.86) and stomach (9.44). The ASR of cervix uteri cancer in women was 1.78. Our findings suggested high incidence of cancers of the esophagus, stomach and lung in North/ North West of Iran. Conclusion: Our results showed that Iran is a medium-risk area for incidence of cancers. We found differences in the most common cancers in Iran comparing to those reported for the World. Our results also suggested geographical diversifies in incidence rates of cancers in different subdivisions of Iran