Study Habits and Their Relationship with Academic Performance among Students of Abadan School of Nursing

Background & Objective : Improvement in learners’ academic performance is one of the main goals of educational centers. Academic performance is affected by a lot of factors study habit is one of them. Considering the importance of one’s study habits in academic performance, this study was conducted to identify the students’ study habits and their relationship with academic performance in Abadan School of Nursing. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 150 students of Abadan School of Nursing in 2007. Data was collected using Palsane & Sharma Study Habit Inventory questionnaire which was completed in a self-directed way at the time of holding final exams. Results : According to the results of this study, the mean score ( ± SD) of the students’ study habits was 48.26 ( ± 11.6) out of 90. 11.33 percent of the students had unsatisfactory study habits while 80.7% and 8% had relatively satisfactory and satisfactory study habits, respectively. There was a significant, week and positive relationship between the students’ study habits and their academic performance (P=0.001, r= 0.27). There wasn’t any significant relationship between study habits and semester, age and marital status. Conclusion : Generally speaking, the students’ study habits are considered to be moderate that is to say that their study method is not of good quality. Considering the importance of study habits in academic performance and achievement, planning to improve students’ study habits and methods and interventions in this regard can be effective. Keywords: Study habits, Study skills, Academic performance, Nursing student

Relationship Between Care Burden and Religious Beliefs Among Family Caregivers of Mentally Ill Patients

Families are considered as primary sources of care forindividuals suffering frommental disorders. However, one of the major stresses in families is the infliction of a family member with mental illnesses causing dysfunction in health dimensions or generally their quality of life. Currently, most experts believethat religion can affect physical health and other aspects of humanlife. So,the aim of this study was to investigate ‘‘the relationship between care burden and religious beliefs among family caregivers of mentally ill patients.’’ This cross-sectional study was carried out in Iran on 152 families with mentally ill patients who were hospitalized in psychiatric wards. The sampling method was nonprobability and consecutive sampling method. The data collection instruments included a demographic characteristic questionnaire, Religious Beliefs, and Zarit Care Burden Questionnaires. The mean score for care burden was 30.99 (SD = 16.45). 5.9% of the participants reported a low level, and 39.5% experienced a moderate level of care burden. Moreover, the mean score for religious beliefs was 115.5 (SD = 13.49), and majority of the participants (70.4%) were endowed with strong religious beliefs. There were no significant associations between care burden and intensity of religious beliefs among the study samples (P = 0.483). Consideringthe results ofthis studyindicating experience of moderate-to-highlevels of care burden in families with mentally ill patients, it is recommended to consider such families and their religious beliefs as contributing factors in coping with challenges of mental disorder

Rh-Incompatibility-Induced Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction: Role of Immunologic Reactions in Rh-Incompatibility

Blood transfusions are given to increase oxygen-carrying capacity and intravascular volume. Despite all the benefits of transfusion, it may have some complications. When mistransfusions occur, or when no other option is available, incompatible packed-cells may be infused, which puts the patient at risk of experiencing a Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR). HTRs are classified as acute or delayed reactions having wide spectrum of clinical presentations. In this report, we present a case of delayed hemolytic reaction due to Rh incompatibility in the operation room. Critical incident reporting and evaluation of adverse transfusion reactions may provide effective patient management and prevent the occurrence or repetition of these events

Adopting Clinical Guidelines for Admission Criteria of Intensive Care Unit: A Measure to Manage Queues of Patients Waiting for This Section

Background: Due to the need of patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) for receiving medical and nursing services, these services should be provided in a timely manner. This study aimed to develop the clinical guidelines for admission criteria of intensive care unit.Materials and Methods: This study was observational type study was conducted for nine months in 2015 based on a three-step process of adoption of clinical guidelines including planning, adoption and finalization. After conducting systematic searches, the quality of retrieved clinical guidelines was evaluated by experts from policy makers in the admission of patients in the ICU. Finally, the ultimate version of the guideline was developed after reviewing and organizing expert panel sessions.Results: The criteria for accepting patients were presented in form of seven clauses based on the neurological status, cardiovascular status, respiratory status, water and electrolyte disorders, gastrointestinal disturbances, endocrine disorders, surgery and postoperative care.Conclusion: One of the most important factors of creating demand inducing to the patients is the lack of clinical guidelines. It is recommended that departmental doctors should apply the mentioned clinical guidelines in order to make the resources of the intensive care unit more effective

Correction to: Relationship Between Care Burden and Religious Beliefs Among Family

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the author name. The co-author name should be Reza Masoudi instead of Reza Masoodi

Relationship Between Care Burden and Religious Beliefs Among Family Caregivers of Mentally Ill Patients

Families are considered as primary sources of care for individuals suffering from mental disorders. However, one of the major stresses in families is the infliction of a family member with mental illnesses causing dysfunction in health dimensions or generally their quality of life. Currently, most experts believe that religion can affect physical health and other aspects of human life. So, the aim of this study was to investigate "the relationship between care burden and religious beliefs among family caregivers of mentally ill patients." This cross-sectional study was carried out in Iran on 152 families with mentally ill patients who were hospitalized in psychiatric wards. The sampling method was nonprobability and consecutive sampling method. The data collection instruments included a demographic characteristic questionnaire, Religious Beliefs, and Zarit Care Burden Questionnaires. The mean score for care burden was 30.99 (SD = 16.45). 5.9% of the participants reported a low level, and 39.5% experienced a moderate level of care burden. Moreover, the mean score for religious beliefs was 115.5 (SD = 13.49), and majority of the participants (70.4%) were endowed with strong religious beliefs. There were no significant associations between care burden and intensity of religious beliefs among the study samples (P = 0.483). Considering the results of this study indicating experience of moderate-to-high levels of care burden in families with mentally ill patients, it is recommended to consider such families and their religious beliefs as contributing factors in coping with challenges of mental disorders. Keywords Author Keywords:Burden of illness; Religious beliefs; Family caregivers; Mental patients; Iran KeyWords Plus:SUBJECTIVE BURDEN; HEALTH; DEPRESSION; PREVALENCE; DISORDER

Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine-Lidocaine and Propofol-Fentanyl-Midazolam Combinations during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

Background and Aims: Propofol is commonly used for providing sedation in endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). It’s simple to use and effective but presents cardiovascular and respiratory adverse effects. Recently, dexmedetomidine has been tried but very little evidence exists to support its use. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of combination of dexmedetomidine and lidocaine (DL) with the standard propofol-fentanyl (PF) regimen.Methods: After approval of the hospital ethics committee, 63 patients (18-60 years of age) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Thirty-one patients received a PF combination (group PF), and 32 patients received DL combination (group DL). The level of sedation was adjusted to achieve a Ramasy Sedation Scale (RSS) score of 3 (moderate sedation) in both groups of patients. Arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during ERCP and recovery was continuously assessed.Results: The oxygen saturation (SpO2) showed high statistical significant differences between both groups throughout the procedure with stability in DL group (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in HR and MAP between the two groups (P>0.05). Post-procedural recovery time was significantly shorter in PF group (15.97±3.27 min) compared with (19.38±5.64 min) DL group (p<0.01). PONV was 3.2% in PF group, while it was absent in DL group. No drug adverse effect or cardiovascular complications were observed in both groups.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and lidocaine combination as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) during ERCP not only did not reported any oxygen desaturation (SpO2<90%) but also showed better stability of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and less PONV when compared with propofol and fentanyl combination

Epidural Anesthesia with Lidocaine and Dexmedetomidine, Versus Lidocaine Alone on Plasma Levels of IL-6 in Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture.

Interleukin-6 plays an important role in inflammatory responses and synthesis of acute hepatic phase proteins and its plasma level changes are used as a reliable prognostic factor for mortality in hospitalized patients. On the other hand, various methods for reducing inflammatory responses, including proper control of pain during and after surgery, and correction of hemodynamic disorders, can be monitored by monitoring of plasma levels of IL-6. Epidural anesthesia is an appropriate method for controlling pain in lower limb surgeries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding Dexmedetomidine to lidocaine in the epidural injection for better control of post-surgical inflammatory responses by measuring interleukin-6 plasma levels.Patients referred to Taleghani Hospital in 1396 who suffered from lower limb fractures and requiring surgery were evaluated. 52 patients in two groups receiving Dexmedetomidine doses of media and controls for the quality of epidural anesthesia and IL-6 index. After obtaining written consent, the Dexmedetomidine treatment group and the normal saline control group were prescribed epidural with lidocaine. Finally, the level of IL-6 before surgery and 6 hours after surgery were evaluated.According to the results of statistical analysis, the two groups did not show a significant difference in age and level of interleukin prior to the operation. The mean age of patients in this study was 15.84639 ± 53.4038. The sex distribution of the study included 19 women (36.5%) and 33 men (63.5%). According to the U Mann Whitney test, the second injection time and total drug volume had a significant difference between the control and intervention groups and Dexmedetomidine reduced the volume of total drug needed and increase the time interval until the second injection (p <0.001). There was also a significant difference between the two groups in the level of interleukin 6 after 6 hours of operation and this was lower in the Dexmedetomidine group.keywords: Interleukin-6, Dexmedetomidine, lidocaine, Anesthesi

The Role of Achievement Goals Orientation and Self-Regulation on Predicting College Students’ Academic Performance

Introduction: Environmental factors, motivational characteristics, and cognitive strategies play an important role in students’ academic performance. The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of achievement goals orientation and self-regulation in predicting academic performance among male and female college students. Methods: This study was conducted based on assumptions of correlational studies. Sample included 280 students of nursing and midwifery randomly selected from Mahabad Islamic Azad University during 2011-2012 academic years. Predicting variables were achievement goals orientation as well as self-regulation strategies, and academic performance was criterion variable. Measurement tools included a demographic checklist, achievement goals and self-regulation strategies questionnaires and grade point average of students’ academic performance. Results: Correlation matrix showed that the highest correlation was observable respectively between variables of self-regulation and academic performance, mastery goal orientation and performance - approach goals, and finally self-regulation with performance-approach goals. Path analysis showed that self-regulation has positive and significant direct effect on students, and the performance - approach goals has negative and significant direct effect on academic performance. Finally, the effect of mastery orientation was positive and significant on academic performance. Conclusion: According to the findings, self-regulation makes a significant mediate role between motivational factors and academic performance for nursing and midwifery students. There was a significant directional association between performance-trend orientation and dominance orientation with self-regulation

Content Analysis of Psychological Posts during Covid-19 Outbreak in Cyberspace

Background and Aim: The outbreak of Covid-19 has had a variety of psychological effects on people around the world. Despite the prosperity of cyberspace in this period, it is important to study the psychological posts of people in this space. This study aimed to explain and classify psychological posts during the outbreak of Covid-19. Method: The method of this qualitative study was contractual and directional text content analysis which was performed by the Shannon entropy method in the period of June 2016 to March 2017. The study population included all psychological posts on social media about the Covid-19 during the outbreak of the virus. Due to the qualitative nature of this study, based on the theoretical saturation rule and according to the opinion of experts in this field, 223 posts with a psychological theme were purposefully selected and examined. Then the classes and subclasses were analyzed manually. Results: Psychological posts during the outbreak of Covid-19 can be divided into two main categories: psychological well-being and psychological pathology. Psychological well-being has subcategories of lifestyles and skills, positivity, meaning and purpose, social support, and gratitude. Psychopathology also has three subcategories: externalization and internalization, psycho-behavioral problems, and defense mechanisms. Moreover, each of the subcategories has second-row subcategories through which the subcategories are identified and distinguished. Conclusion: The various psychological and non-psychological posts presented during the Covid-19 outbreak need further study. Therefore, it is suggested that in future studies, psychological posts be considered about mental illness