ПЛЕВРИТЫ У БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ И ВИЧ-ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ

A clinical and epidemiological study for 14 years was conducted. Among TB patients, the percentage of persons with mixed infection (TB+HIV infection) increased during the observation period from 10 up to 64%. About one third of them had a pleura reaction with an accumulation of fluid between pleura’s petals. Pleuritis in patients with mixed infection were characterized by special features: pleurisy complicated another form of tuberculosis more often, in one-third of patients (29,8%) pleural liquid had hemorrhagic type, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the pleural fluid was detected six times more often. The level of activity of adenosine deaminase and neopterin in the exudate of patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection remained significantly higher than in the control group of persons. These data can be useful in the diagnostics of specific diseases in HIV-infected patients.Коллективом авторов проведено клиническое и эпидемиологическое исследование за 14 лет. Среди больных туберкулезом доля лиц с микст-инфекцией (ТБ+ВИЧ-инфекция) увеличилась с 10 до 64%. Около трети таких больных имели реакцию плевры с накоплением жидкости между плевральными листками. Особенности плевритов у больных микст-инфекцией: плеврит чаще осложнял другую форму туберкулеза, у трети больных (29,8%) плевральная жидкость имела геморрагический характер, в плевральной жидкости в 6 раз чаще определяли микобактерии туберкулеза. Уровень активности аденозиндезаминазы и неоптерина в экссудате больных туберкулезом и ВИЧ-инфекцией остается достоверно выше, чем в референтной группе лиц, что может быть использовано в диагностике специфического заболевания у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией

Health care index score and risk of death following tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients

OBJECTIVES: To assess health care utilisation for patients co-infected with TB and HIV (TB-HIV), and to develop a weighted health care index (HCI) score based on commonly used interventions and compare it with patient outcome. METHODS: A total of 1061 HIV patients diagnosed with TB in four regions, Central/Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe and Argentina, between January 2004 and December 2006 were enrolled in the TB-HIV study. A weighted HCI score (range 0–5), based on independent prognostic factors identified in multivariable Cox models and the final score, included performance of TB drug susceptibility testing (DST), an initial TB regimen containing a rifamycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and start of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). RESULTS: The mean HCI score was highest in Central/Northern Europe (3.2, 95%CI 3.1–3.3) and lowest in Eastern Europe (1.6, 95%CI 1.5–1.7). The cumulative probability of death 1 year after TB diagnosis decreased from 39% (95%CI 31–48) among patients with an HCI score of 0, to 9% (95%CI 6–13) among those with a score of ≥4. In an adjusted Cox model, a 1-unit increase in the HCI score was associated with 27% reduced mortality (relative hazard 0.73, 95%CI 0.64–0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that DST, standard anti-tuberculosis treatment and early cART may improve outcome for TB-HIV patients. The proposed HCI score provides a tool for future research and monitoring of the management of TB-HIV patients. The highest HCI score may serve as a benchmark to assess TB-HIV management, encouraging continuous health care improvement

Новая коронавирусная инфекция (COVID-19) у больных туберкулёзом в Санкт-Петербурге

The aim of this work was to attempt to analyze the demographic structure, clinical and radiological forms of tuberculosis and COVID-19, as well as the course and outcome of the disease in patients with this coinfection in the light of a new and still poorly understood problem of the mutual influence of tuberculosis and COVID-19.Material and methods. Examination and treatment were carried out in the infectious-tuberculosis departments of the Botkin Clinical Infectious Disease Hospital. We examined 63 patients identified in the first seven months of the epidemic in the multimillion city of St. Petersburg (Russia). Tuberculosis, confirmed by conventional bacteriological and molecular genetic methods, had an active phase in all of them. The new coronavirus infection was verified by a positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2.Results. Tuberculosis in 43 patients was detected simultaneously with COVID-19, in 20 people it preceded coronavirus infection. Disseminated forms of tuberculosis prevailed - 50.8%; in 36.5%, two or more organs and systems were affected, which is associated with a high proportion (54.0%) of HIV-positive patients with an advanced stage of the disease. Lung damage with COVID-19 was noted in 36.5%. Fatal outcomes ended in 20.6% of cases of coinfection, the structure of the causes of death is given.Conclusion. An assumption was made about the possibility of an aggravating effect of tuberculosis on COVID-19 in the case of severe or widespread forms of these diseases. The negative influence of HIV infection on the outcome of the disease has also been shown. Further follow-up is required to identify more reliable associations between tuberculosis and COVID-19. Цель: попытка выполнить анализ демографической структуры, клинико-рентгенологических форм туберкулёза и COVID-19, а также течения и исхода заболевания у пациентов с указанной коинфекцией в свете новой и пока малоизученной проблемы взаимного влияния туберкулёза и COVID-19.Материалы и методы. Обследование и лечение проводилось в инфекционно-туберкулёзных отделениях Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина. Обследованы 63 пациента, выявленные в первые 7 месяцев эпидемии в многомиллионном городе Санкт-Петербурге (Россия). Туберкулёз, подтверждённый общепринятыми бактериологическими и молекулярно-генетическими методами, у всех имел активную фазу течения. Новая коронавирусная инфекция верифицирована положительным тестом полимеразно-цепной реакции на SARS-CoV-2.Результаты. Туберкулёз у 43 больных был обнаружен одновременно с COVID-19, у 20 человек он предшествовал коронавирусной инфекции. Преобладали диссеминированные формы туберкулёза – 50,8%; в 36,5% имело место поражение двух и более органов и систем, что связано с высокой долей (54,0 %) ВИЧ-положительных пациентов с продвинутой стадией заболевания. Поражение лёгких при COVID-19 отмечено в 36,5%. Летальным исходом завершились 20,6% случаев коинфекции, приведена структура причин смерти.Заключение. Сделано предположение о возможности отягощающего влияния туберкулёза на COVID-19 в случае тяжёлых или распространённых форм этих заболеваний. Показано также отрицательное влияние ВИЧинфекции на исход заболевания. Требуются дальнейшие наблюдения для выявления более более достоверных взаимосвязей туберкулёза и COVID-19.

Determination of eigenfrequences of a radome with a shaped form

Two methods of nonstationary loading of a thin elastic shell with a shaped form are presented. Deformations of the shell are registered, and spectrum analysis is carried out

Pleurisy in tuberculosis and HIV-infected patients

A clinical and epidemiological study for 14 years was conducted. Among TB patients, the percentage of persons with mixed infection (TB+HIV infection) increased during the observation period from 10 up to 64%. About one third of them had a pleura reaction with an accumulation of fluid between pleura’s petals. Pleuritis in patients with mixed infection were characterized by special features: pleurisy complicated another form of tuberculosis more often, in one-third of patients (29,8%) pleural liquid had hemorrhagic type, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the pleural fluid was detected six times more often. The level of activity of adenosine deaminase and neopterin in the exudate of patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection remained significantly higher than in the control group of persons. These data can be useful in the diagnostics of specific diseases in HIV-infected patients

Health care index score and risk of death following tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients

OBJECTIVES: To assess health care utilisation for patients co-infected with TB and HIV (TB-HIV), and to develop a weighted health care index (HCI) score based on commonly used interventions and compare it with patient outcome. METHODS: A total of 1061 HIV patients diagnosed with TB in four regions, Central/Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe and Argentina, between January 2004 and December 2006 were enrolled in the TB-HIV study. A weighted HCI score (range 0-5), based on independent prognostic factors identified in multivariable Cox models and the final score, included performance of TB drug susceptibility testing (DST), an initial TB regimen containing a rifamycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and start of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). RESULTS: The mean HCI score was highest in Central/Northern Europe (3.2, 95%CI 3.1-3.3) and lowest in Eastern Europe (1.6, 95%CI 1.5-1.7). The cumulative probability of death 1 year after TB diagnosis decreased from 39% (95%CI 31-48) among patients with an HCI score of 0, to 9% (95%CI 6-13) among those with a score of ≥4. In an adjusted Cox model, a 1-unit increase in the HCI score was associated with 27% reduced mortality (relative hazard 0.73, 95%CI 0.64-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that DST, standard anti-tuberculosis treatment and early cART may improve outcome for TB-HIV patients. The proposed HCI score provides a tool for future research and monitoring of the management of TB-HIV patients. The highest HCI score may serve as a benchmark to assess TB-HIV management, encouraging continuous health care improvement. © 2013 The Union

Short- and long-term mortality and causes of death in HIV/tuberculosis patients in Europe

Mortality of HIV/tuberculosis (TB) patients in Eastern Europe is high. Little is known about their causes of death.This study aimed to assess and compare mortality rates and cause of death in HIV/TB patients across Eastern Europe and Western Europe and Argentina (WEA) in an international cohort study. Mortality rates and causes of death were analysed by time from TB diagnosis (12 months) in 1078 consecutive HIV/TB patients. Factors associated with TB-related death were examined in multivariate Poisson regression analysis.347 patients died during 2625 person-years of follow-up. Mortality in Eastern Europe was three- to ninefold higher than in WEA. TB was the main cause of death in Eastern Europe in 80%, 66% and 61% of patients who died 12 months after TB diagnosis, compared to 50%, 0% and 15% in the same time periods in WEA (p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, follow-up in WEA (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.12, 95% CI 0.04-0.35), standard TB-treatment (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99) and antiretroviral therapy (IRR 0.32, 95% CI 0.14-0.77) were associated with reduced risk of TB-related death.Persistently higher mortality rates were observed in HIV/TB patients in Eastern Europe, and TB was the dominant cause of death at any time during follow-up. This has important implications for HIV/TB programmes aiming to optimise the management of HIV/TB patients and limit TB-associated mortality in this region

TB meningitis in HIV-positive patients in Europe and Argentina: Clinical dutcome and factors associated with mortality

Objectives. The study aimed at describing characteristics and outcome of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in HIV-positive patients and comparing these parameters with those of extrapulmonary TB (TBEP) and pulmonary TB (TBP). Methods. Kaplan-Meier estimation and Poisson regression models were used to assess the mortality following TB diagnosis and to evaluate potential prognostic factors for the 3 groups of TB patients separately. Results. A total of 100 patients with TBM, 601 with TBEP, and 371 TBP were included. Patients with TBM had lower CD4 cell counts and only 17.0% received antiretroviral therapy (ART) at TB diagnosis. The cumulative probability of death at 12 months following TB was 51.2% for TBM (95% CI 41.4-61.6%), 12.3% for TBP (8.9-15.7%), and 19.4% for TBEP (16.1-22.6) (P &lt; 0.0001; log-rank test). For TBM, factors associated with a poorer prognosis were not being on ART (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 4.00 (1.72-9.09), a prior AIDS diagnosis (aIRR = 4.82 (2.61-8.92)), and receiving care in Eastern Europe (aIRR = 5.41 (2.58-11.34))). Conclusions. TBM among HIV-positive patients was associated with a high mortality rate, especially for patients from Eastern Europe and patients with advanced HIV-infection, which urgently calls for public health interventions to improve both TB and HIV aspects of patient management. © 2013 Anne Marie W. Efsen et al

Mortality from HIV and TB coinfections is higher in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe and Argentina

Membro del HIV/TB Study Writing Group per la ricerca collaborativa pubblicata sulla rivista: AID