Ambrosius en die Mariaverering

As ’n mens die sobere gegewens in die Heilige Skrif oor Maria in oënskou neem en bemerk hoe die Goddelik-geïnspireerde Bybelskrywers haar — die geseënde onder die vroue op die agtergrond stel sodat Jesus Christus die allesbeheersende middelpunt kan wees, is dit onbegryplik waarom Maria, veral in die Roomse Kerk, so hoog gestel word dat Theodor Kaftan die bewering maak: „In der rómischen Kirche ist die Christuskirche zu einer Marienkriche geworden.

Planetary landing: modelling and control of the propulsion descent

In the propulsive phase, after parachute release, of planetary landing like Mars or Moon, horizontal motion is obtained by tilting the axial thrust, so that it aligns either to the negative velocity vector (gravity turn) or to the requested acceleration vector. The latter strategy is assumed here, as it allows pinpoint landing. As such, tilt angles (pitch and yaw) become proportional to the horizontal acceleration. Instead of designing a hierarchical guidance and control in which horizontal acceleration becomes the attitude control target, a unique control system can be designed based on the fourth order dynamics from angular acceleration to position. The paper shows that the combined dynamics can be (quasi) input-state linearized except the nonlinear factor of the tilt angles (the axial thrust imposed by vertical braking). The paper shows that control design around the reference trajectory (tilt and position) given by the guidance can exploit the quasi linearization, but tracking error stability must be proved in presence of a not stabilizable external disturbance. The paper is restricted to closed-loop control strategies, and their effectiveness is proved through Monte Carlo simulations

Hyaline Membrane Disease

The incidence of hyaline membrane disease in three Cape Town hospitals during 1972 and 1973 was analysed, and compared with the incidence revealed in a similar survey in 1966. Striking and significant differences were found. The over-all incidence of hyaline membrane disease has fallen from 12,6% to 5,0%. The altered incidence is due to a much lower incidence in the Coloured and Black groups. The incidence for the White group has remained at 12,8%. Other changes were a higher incidence associated with antepartum haemorrhage, and a protecting influence in toxaemia. Maternal diabetes did not carry the increased risk shown previously. Several findings of the 1966 study were confirmed. They were the good correlation of hyaline membrane disease with immaturity, the male preponderance, and the increased incidence after delivery by Caesarean section

Options for Soil Health Measurement in Vineyards and Deciduous Fruit Orchards, with Special Reference to Nematodes

Soil is a non-renewable resource and supports all land-based forms of life. The sustainable productionof crops is becoming progressively more critical as human populations increase and viable agriculturalland decreases. Soil health plays an indispensable part in the sustainability of soil as a resource for futuregenerations. For this very reason it is important to have suitable tools to measure the improvement ordeterioration of soil health in vineyards and orchards. In this review, the use of different bio-indicators toindicate soil health will be discussed, with special emphasis on the use of nematode population structureand function as indicators of soil health. The use of nematodes as a bio-indicator of soil health can play acrucial role in the establishment of future sustainable production of grapes and fruit in the Western Cape.This paper provides a comprehensive review of soil health, the use of different biological indicators, andthe potential of nematodes as suitable indicators thereof, aimed at vineyards and deciduous fruit orchards

The Dakota Indian Religion, A Study of Conflict in Values

Religious beliefs have exerted substantial influence on the values of the Dakota Indians. In earlier days religious folklore infused every area of their daily lives. When the missionaries introduced Chnstianity to the tribes on the Great Plains, important changes began to take place. Values which conflicted with customary beliefs were interposed, but many of the traditional values were retained. In some cases, accommodation of conflicting values was attempted in marginal religious activities which combined elements of both the old and new religions. In other cases, the conflicts appeared insurmountable, and some individuals sought escape or succumbed to apathy. A study of the present day values of these people requires some understanding of their traditional religion. Thus, Part II of this bulletin is designed to provide a systematic analysis of the religious background of the Dakota Indians. Here are some of the myths and legends, and the beliefs, practices, and ritual which dominated Dakota thinking at the time of initial contact with the Christian missionaries. In Part III the subsequent changes in Dakota values are discussed and analysed in historical perspective and in terms of the value conflicts which have resulted from the contact of these two different culture patterns. Statistical evidence from a study of two communities on the Pine Ridge Reservation is presented to support the cultural conflict thesis. Implications of the study are suggested in Part IV

Accelerated Microbial Degradation of Nematicides in Vineyard and Orchard Soils

Accelerated microbial degradation (AMD) of organophosphate and carbamate nematicides is aphenomenon whereby biodegradation in the soil is increased, leading to a dramatically shortenedpersistence of nematicides. More intensified agriculture practices in South Africa in response to the futuredemand for food may lead to increased pest and disease pressure, which in turn will lead to more frequentpesticide application. The same principle applies to plant-parasitic nematode control practices, and theoveruse and misuse will have a pronounced effect on the enhancement of AMD. With limited managementoptions available, the responsible use of nematicides becomes more pertinent. Producers should beaware of the problems associated with multiple soil applications of organophosphates and carbamatesagainst plant-parasitic nematodes. This article reviews factors contributing to the AMD of carbamate andorganophosphate nematicides in soil and makes practical recommendations to avoid the occurrence ofAMD in vineyard and orchards