Radiation exposure to the population of Europe following the Chernobyl accident

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident an attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of the Chernobyl accident on the global burden of human cancer in Europe. This required the estimation of radiation doses in each of the 40 European countries. Dose estimation was based on the analysis and compilation of data either published in the scientific literature or provided by local experts. Considerable variability has been observed in exposure levels among the European populations. The average individual doses to the thyroid from the intake of 131I for children aged 1 y were found to vary from ∼0.01 mGy in Portugal up to 750 mGy in Gomel Oblast (Belarus). Thyroid doses to adults were consistently lower than the doses received by young children. The average individual effective doses from external exposure and ingestion of long-lived radiocaesium accrued in the period 1986-2005 varied from ∼0 in Portugal to ∼10 mSv in Gomel Oblast (Belarus) and Bryansk Oblast (Russia). The uncertainties in the dose estimates were subjectively estimated on the basis of the availability and reliability of the radiation data that were used for dose reconstruction in each countr

Contamination of seven workers with

Widespread contamination occurred in the building in which radiation waste was handled. An occurrence of internal contamination of workers was also suspected. Therefore, workers were measured in vivo and bioassay was performed too. Estimation of committed effective dose had to be based on results of excretion analysis as irremovable surface contamination occurred on the skin and hair of workers, thus influencing results of in vivo measurements. The results of bioassay of 7 workers are presented. Intakes and committed effective doses were calculated from excretion data using IMBA Professional Plus software. The best fits for the most of workers were obtained when combination of acute and chronic intakes was used. Acute intakes varied from 135 Bq to 1300 Bq, chronic intakes from 0.03 Bq/d to 0.3 Bq/d. Committed effective doses from 3 to 36 mSv were estimated for individual workers

Doses from Cs-137 and Sr-90 to Czech population due to milk consumption

Activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in milk have been monitored in the Czech Republic on a long-term basis. The annual geometric means of 137Cs activity concentrations in milk range from 12 Bq.L−1 in 1986 to 0.02 Bq.L−1 in 2014. The annual geometric means of 90Sr activity concentrations range from 0.69 Bq.L−1 in 1965 to 0.02 Bq.L−1 in 2014. The values of effective and environmental half-lives in milk were calculated for both radionuclides from the annual geometric means and their temporal trends. Doses from both radionuclides due to milk ingestion were estimated

Radiation exposure to the population of Europe following the Chernobyl accident

On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident an attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of the Chernobyl accident on the global burden of human cancer in Europe. This required the estimation of radiation doses in each of the 40 European countries. Dose estimation was based on the analysis and compilation of data either published in the scientific literature or provided by local experts. Considerable variability has been observed in exposure levels among the European populations. The average individual doses to the thyroid from the intake of ¹³¹I for children aged 1 y were found to vary from ∼0.01 mGy in Portugal up to 750 mGy in Gomel Oblast (Belarus). Thyroid doses to adults were consistently lower than the doses received by young children. The average individual effective doses from external exposure and ingestion of long-lived radiocaesium accrued in the period 1986–2005 varied from ∼0 in Portugal to ∼10 mSv in Gomel Oblast (Belarus) and Bryansk Oblast (Russia). The uncertainties in the dose estimates were subjectively estimated on the basis of the availability and reliability of the radiation data that were used for dose reconstruction in each country

Radioecological assessments of the Iodine working group of IAEA's EMRAS programme: Presentation of input data and analysis of results of the prague scenario

In 2003 IAEA launched the EMRAS Programme aiming at evaluating the predictive power of radiological models. The programme continued work of previous international radioecological modelling programmes and comprised several working groups focusing on different aspects of environmental modelling. The Iodine Working Group reassessed the impact of the release of 131I during the Chernobyl accident with the aim of comparing model predictions with environmental data and inter-comparing the model predictions. Measurement data and detailed geographic and demographic descriptions were available for three regions: Plavsk, Warsaw and Prague. As for the Prague Scenario, milk supply regions of three big dairies were chosen for the model validation. Apart from geographic, demographic and agricultural descriptions (e.g. gathering regions of the dairies, feeding regime), the modellers were provided with information on the weather conditions and measurement data of iodine contamination. The most important peculiarities of Prague Scenario were keeping milk cattle in sheds and a special feeding regime during May 1986. The modellers were asked to assess the 131I content in the thyroid of the local population and the resulting dose. The assessments were compared with measurement data. The results of these model calculations and their comparison with experimental data are presented

Validation of environmental transfer models and assessment of the effectiveness of countermeasures using data on 131I releases from Chernobyl

The studies undertaken by the 131I Working Group, part of the International Atomic Energy Agency's EMRAS (Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety) programme, were focused primarily on evaluating the predictive capability of environmental models. Particular emphasis was placed on applying models to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures. © 2008 IAEA