Fluktuációk és zajok alap- és interdiszciplináris kutatása fizikai, neurocardiológiai és nanotechnologiai szakterületeken = Basic and interdisciplinary research of noise and fluctuations in physics, neurocardiology and nanotechnology

A fluktuációkkal javított érzékelés alkalmazásához kis méretű és fogyasztású számítógépvezérelt műszereket fejlesztettünk, melyek segítségével megmutattuk, hogy szén nanocső alapú és más szenzorokon végzett zajspektroszkópiai mérések alkalmasak lehetnek különböző gáztípusok vagy akár baktériumok megkülönböztetésére. Digitális jelprocesszor alapú kísérleti eszközöket fejlesztettünk ki, melyekkel elsőként sikerült demonstrálnunk a termikus zajra épülő abszolút biztonságos kommunikáció működését valós rendszeren. Az excimer lézerek késleltetésének sztochasztikus jelek felhasználásán alapuló aktív szabályozásához kifejlesztett módszerünkhöz új hardvert terveztünk, mely hatékonyabb működést tesz lehetővé, additív zaj felhasználásával segíti a késleltetési idő detektálását. Algoritmusokat és szoftvereket fejlesztettünk ki főként ritmuszavar során fellépő EKG-jelek időtartománybeli és spektrális analíziséhez. Emellett vizsgáltuk, hogy az emberi agy hogyan képes a véletlenszerű jelekben elrejtett determinisztikus minták felismerésére és tanulására. Interdiszciplináris kutatási eredményeinkhez tartozik egy baktériumok fotoszintézisének mérésére tervezett számítógépvezérelt fluorométer és a kísérlezető oktatást támogató számos hardver és szoftver kifejlesztése is. A pályázat során megjelent 32 publikáció között szerepel 20 nemzetközi folyóiratcikk (összesített impakt faktor: 37,203), melyek 5 nemzetközi és egy hazai meghívott konferenciaelőadáshoz kötődnek. | We have built low-consumption, small-size computer-controlled devices for fluctuation-enhanced sensing. With these instruments we have shown that noise spectroscopy measurements of carbon nanotubes or other sensors can differentiate between gases or bacteria. We have developed digital signal processor-based experimental devices with which we could be the first to demonstrate the feasibility of thermal noise-driven totally secure communication in a real-world system. We have designed new methods and the associated hardware to enhance the efficiency of the active control of excimer laser delay by using additive noise to improve delay detection. We have developed algorithms and software for the time-domain and spectral analysis of ECG signals recorded mainly during arrhythmias. We have also studied the capacity of the human brain to recognise and learn deterministic patterns hidden in seemingly random signals. Our interdisciplinary results include a computer-controlled fluorimeter for measuring bacterial photosynthesis and several hardware and software developments to support teaching experiments

A hazai települések népességszám-változási problémái 1990-2019 között

Hungary is among the worst countries of the World in demographic view, it has low birth and high death rate, large natural increase of the population, but moderate migration gain. There are large differences at settlement level within the country. Between 1990 and 2011 among the settlements with the highest population increase there were almost entirely suburban villages and small towns. In the period of 2012-2019 the pattern is more diverse. Beside the suburban villages there are many other types (villages near the Ukrainian border, extreme small villages, touristic villages) among the fasters growing ones. The most interesting group is the villages with migration gain but really without migration. Especially neat the Ukrainian border the migrants make just addresses, but not migrate

Yggdrasil: a test question editor with symbolic expression support in high-throughput multi-language education

When preparing test questions for a large population of students, one usually needs to reconcile two conflicting factors: on one hand, the variability, and on the other hand, the consistent difficulty of questions. Random selection from a large pool of unrelated questions does ensure variability, but at the cost of comparable difficulty. One way to provide balanced difficulty is to create templates with variants that may differ in numeric values or relevant phrases, or may simply employ negation. Experience shows us, though, that manual variant management is as cumbersome as it is error-prone. In this paper, we shall introduce a program we wrote in C# to address this problem. The program, Yggdrasil, supports the creation of templates with text-valued, logical or numeric symbolic expressions, manages their interdependence in an internal context and produces an output where the expressions are replaced by individual variants. The templates are easy to import into computer-assisted translation tools, allowing the translation of the templates themselves instead of the high number of variants. At the moment, Yggdrasil can provide xml output for the CooSpace learning management system used by the University of Szeged or LATEX files for a printable pdf, but to increase availability, we plan to implement Word docx output

A method based on light scattering to estimate the concentration of virus particles without the need for virus particle standards

Most often the determination of the concentration of virus particles is rendered difficult by the availability of proper standards. We have adapted a static light scattering based method for the quantification of virus particles (shown for poliovirus) without the need of virus particle standards. Instead, as standards, well-characterized polymeric nanoparticle solutions are used. The method is applicable for virus particles acting as Rayleigh scatterers, i.e., virus particles with equivalent diameters up to ca. 1/10th of the wavelength of the scattered monochromatic light (∼70 nm diameter). Further limitations may arise if the refractive index of the virus is unavailable or cannot be calculated based on its composition, such as in case of enveloped viruses. The method is especially relevant for preparation of virus particle concentration standards and to vaccine formulations based on attenuated or inactivated virus particles where the classical plaque forming assays cannot be applied. The method consists of: • Measuring the intensity of the light scattered by viruses suspended in an aqueous solution. • Measuring the intensity of the light scattered by polymeric nanoparticles of known concentration and comparable size with the investigated virus particle. • The concentration of virus nanoparticles can be calculated based on the two measured scattered light intensities by knowing the refractive index of the dispersing solution, of the polymer and virus nanoparticles as well as their relative sphere equivalent diameters

Review of sound card photogates

Photogates are probably the most commonly used electronic instruments to aid experiments in the field of mechanics. Although they are offered by many manufacturers, they can be too expensive to be widely used in all classrooms, in multiple experiments or even at a home experimentation. Today all computers have a sound card - an interface for analogue signals. It is possible to make very simple yet highly accurate photogates for cents, while much more sophisticated solutions are also available at a still very low cost. In our review we show several experimentally tested ways of implementing sound card photogates in detail, and we also provide a full-featured, free, open-source photogate software as a much more efficient experimentation tool than the usually used sound recording programs. Further information is provided in a dedicated page, www.noise.physx.u-szeged.hu/edudev