下顎犬歯236歯の根管形態についての検討

To achieve the effect of mechanical preparation of root canals, transparent specimens of extracted 236 mandibular canines were investigated for canal configuration, thickness and curvature of the root canal, condition of any accessory canals, and location of the apical foramen. Fewer than 25% of the specimens showed accessory canals that were impossible to clean mechanically. The majority of the lateral branches were 0.15mm<and≦0.20mm. Although apical foramina located away from the apex were observed in 18% of the mandibular canines. All apical foramina were located within 0.5mm of the apex. Data on the thickness of the root and main canal in the apical portion and curvature of the root canal suggest that for adequate apical preparation, a #60 file must be able to reach the apical constriction

Effects of Thinning on Flow Peaks in a Forested Headwater Catchment in Western Japan

This study examined the changes in rainfall-runoff characteristics in the year prior to and after intensive thinning of 50% in number in a steep headwater catchment, covered with 46-year-old Japanese cedar and cypress in western Japan. The magnitude of event peak flow, event quick flow, event water yield, and event response time did not change after thinning. Because 70% of rainfall events had multiple flow peaks, relationships between each flow peak and the rainfall just prior to that peak were also analyzed. The increases in accumulated quick flow, flow rise and flow drop were significant after thinning. The flow drop following each flow peak increased, and led to a lower initial flow in subsequent peaks, resulting in no increase in peak size. The flow peaks in events with over 30 mm rainfall amount and over 2 mm/h average rainfall intensity showed significant increases in flow peak, flow rise, flow drop, and accumulated quick flow, which suggests that the catchment exhibited more shallow flow paths during large rainfall amounts after thinning. No changes were identified using event-based analysis, but changes in flow peaks were detected, which indicates the importance of examining all flow peaks when investigating rainfall-runoff characteristics of headwater catchments

中学生の親和欲求および対友人不安感情が友人とのつきあい方に及ぼす影響

The present study examined the relation among need for affiliation, friendship anxiety,friendship, and satisfaction with friends. 216 junior high school students completed a questionnaire about these 4 aspects of friendship. Factor analysis revealed 2 anxiety friendship: "Hated anxiety" and "Isolation anxiety", and also revealed 4 friendship: "Deep involvement," "Non-involvement," "Enliven," and "Concern." Third year girls scored higher than boys in need for affiliation and "Deep involvement". The relation among the 4 aspects was analyzed by path analysis based on a model that need for affiliation toward friends influences anxiety friendship, and that anxiety friendship influences friendship, and that friendship influences satisfaction with friends. In boys and girls, need for affiliation had a direct effect on satisfaction, an indirect effect on satisfaction through "Deep involvement", and an indirect effect on "Non-involvement" through "Isolation anxiety". And "Hated anxiety" had a direct negative effect on satisfaction. The different results between boys and girls were found. The results were discussed in terms of the relation among need for affiliation, anxiety friendship, friendship, and satisfaction with friends

Amelioration of prevalence of threatened preterm labor during the COVID-19 pandemic: nationwide database analysis in Japan

We aimed to evaluate the changes in maternal and neonatal complications such as threatened preterm labor (TPL) and preterm birth before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using large-scale real-world data in Japan. We obtained data from the Japan Medical Data Center claims database and evaluated differences in maternal and neonatal complications, such as the prevalence of TPL and preterm birth before the COVID-19 pandemic (in the year 2018 or 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (in 2020). We included 5533, 6257, and 5956 deliveries in the years 2018, 2019, and 2020, respectively. TPL prevalence and preterm birth had significantly decreased in 2020 (41.3%, 2.6%, respectively) compared with those reported in 2018 (45.3%, 3.9%, respectively) and 2019 (44.5%, 3.8%, respectively). Neonatal outcomes such as low-birth-weight infants and retinopathy of prematurity were also improved during the pandemic. There were no clear trends in the prevalence of maternal complications such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome; and preeclampsia. Oral ritodrine hydrochloride usage in all participants had significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has ameliorated TPL and consequently reduced the number of preterm births

Gallbladder torsion in pregnancy: a case report and literature review.

Gallbladder torsion is a rare disease that requires immediate surgical intervention to avoid maternal and/or foetal sepsis and death. However, preoperative diagnosis is challenging because the disease has no specific symptoms. A 37-year-old pregnant woman at 34 weeks of gestation presented with severe epigastric pain. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan findings showed a distended gallbladder without stones, floating from the hepatic bed, and laboratory examination demonstrated normal liver function; therefore, we made a diagnosis of gallbladder torsion and performed a caesarean section and an open cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. This is the first report wherein gallbladder torsion in pregnancy was diagnosed preoperatively. Gallbladder torsion should be considered as a differential diagnosis in case of such imaging findings

Analysis of Solar Radiation Shading Effects by Trees in the Open Space around Buildings

Work and leisure in outdoor spaces influences people’s physiological and psychological, while it can also lead to a reduction of energy consumed via air conditioning and lighting. In this study, the effects of solar radiation shading by trees in the open space around buildings on microclimatic development and pedestrian radiation environment are evaluated through a case study on the redevelopment buildings in front of Central Osaka Station, based on both observation and calculation. In both open space and green garden, direct solar radiation is shielded mainly by the buildings located behind the trees rather than by the trees themselves. Solar radiation shielding by trees is necessary in the range of more than 10 m from the south side of the buildings and more than 6 m from the west or east sides of the buildings

Effects of Thinning on Flow Peaks in a Forested Headwater Catchment in Western Japan

This study examined the changes in rainfall-runoff characteristics in the year prior to and after intensive thinning of 50% in number in a steep headwater catchment, covered with 46-year-old Japanese cedar and cypress in western Japan. The magnitude of event peak flow, event quick flow, event water yield, and event response time did not change after thinning. Because 70% of rainfall events had multiple flow peaks, relationships between each flow peak and the rainfall just prior to that peak were also analyzed. The increases in accumulated quick flow, flow rise and flow drop were significant after thinning. The flow drop following each flow peak increased, and led to a lower initial flow in subsequent peaks, resulting in no increase in peak size. The flow peaks in events with over 30 mm rainfall amount and over 2 mm/h average rainfall intensity showed significant increases in flow peak, flow rise, flow drop, and accumulated quick flow, which suggests that the catchment exhibited more shallow flow paths during large rainfall amounts after thinning. No changes were identified using event-based analysis, but changes in flow peaks were detected, which indicates the importance of examining all flow peaks when investigating rainfall-runoff characteristics of headwater catchments

Successful pregnancy with stage IB2 uterine cervical cancer: A case report

Abstract Background Although cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in pregnancy, its management mainly follows the guidelines for nonpregnant disease state. Within the limited time, patients, and healthcare workers must make difficult decisions to either delay treatment until documented fetal maturity or start immediate treatment based on the disease stage. Case The patient was a 37‐year‐old woman: gravida 1, para 0. Her cervical cytology revealed a high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion at 8 weeks' gestation. Moreover, invasive squamous cell carcinoma was suspected based on the findings of uterine cervix biopsy. Cervical conization was performed at 11 weeks' gestation, confirming a histopathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, pT1b2. Cervical cytology findings continued to be negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy from 2 weeks after conization until 2 weeks before a cesarean section. In addition, we performed abdominal pelvic lymphadenectomy at 16 weeks' gestation to determine whether the patient could continue her pregnancy. No lymph node metastasis or local recurrence was observed. Finally, a cesarean section and modified radical hysterectomy were performed at 35 weeks' gestation. There was no carcinoma invasion or metastasis. A baby girl weighing 2056 g was delivered with 1‐ and 5‐min Apgar scores of 8 and 9, respectively. Five years postoperatively, there was no evidence of cancer recurrence. Conclusion Management of cervical cancer during pregnancy by using a combination strategy of deep conization and pelvic lymphadenectomy could be an effective strategy for carefully and safely assessing risks of recurrence and metastasis