Out of plane optical conductivity in d-wave superconductors

We study theoretically the out of plane optical conductivity of d-wave superconductors in the presence of impurities at T=0K. Unlike the usual approach, we assume that the interlayer quasi-particle transport is due to coherent tunneling. The present model describes the T^2 dependence of the out of plane superfluid density observed in YBCO and Tl2201 for example. In the optical conductivity there is no Drude peak in agreement with experiment, and the interlayer Josephson tunneling is also assured in this model. In the unitary limit we predict a step like behaviour around omega=Delta in both the real and imaginary part of the optical conductivity.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Gapped optical excitations from gapless phases: imperfect nesting in unconventional density waves

We consider the effect of imperfect nesting in quasi-one-dimensional unconventional density waves in the case, when the imperfect nesting and the gap depends on the same wavevector component. The phase diagram is very similar to that in a conventional density wave. The density of states is highly asymmetric with respect to the Fermi energy. The optical conductivity at T=0 remains unchanged for small deviations from perfect nesting. For higher imperfect nesting parameter, an optical gap opens, and considerable amount of spectral weight is transferred to higher frequencies. This makes the optical response of our system very similar to that of a conventional density wave. Qualitatively similar results are expected in d-density waves.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Impurity scattering in unconventional density waves: non-crossing approximation for arbitrary scattering rate

We present a detailed theoretical study on the thermodynamic properties of impure quasi-one dimensional unconventional charge-, and spin-density waves in the framework of mean-field theory. The impurities are of the ordinary non-magnetic type. Making use of the full self-energy that takes into account all ladder-, and rainbow-type diagrams, we are able to calculate the relevant low temperature quantities for arbitrary impurity concentration and scattering rates. These are the density of states, specific heat and the shift in the chemical potential. Our results therefore cover the whole parameter space: they include both the self-consistent Born and the resonant unitary limits, and most importantly give exact results in between.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure

Impurity scattering in unconventional density waves

We have investigated the effect of nonmagnetic impurities on the quasi-one-dimensional unconventional density wave (UDW) ground state. The thermodynamics were found to be close to those of a d-wave superconductor in the Born limit. Four different optical conductivity curves were found depending on the direction of the applied electric field and on the wavevector dependence of the gap.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

PENGARUH PENERAPAN MENTAL IMAGERY TERHADAP PENURUNAN ANXIETY SEBELUM MENGHADAPI PERTANDINGAN DALAM CABANG OLAHRAGA HOKI

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang pengaruh penerapan mental imagery terhadap penurunan kecemasan axiety sebelum menghadapi pertandingan dalam cabang olahraga hoki. Di dalam semua cabang olahraga sangatlah penting untuk menerapkan latihan psikologi, karena psikologi bisa sangat membantu penampilan atlet dan bisa membantu performa atlet, salah satunya adalah mental imagery terhadap penurunan anxiety sebelum bertanding. Dari tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh dari penerapan mental imagery terhadap penurunan anxiety sebelum menghadapi pertandingan dalam cabang olahraga hoki. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan metode eksperimen. Penelitian ini di lakukan di kabupaten Pandeglang pada cabang olahraga hoki dengan menggunakan teknnik pengambilan sampling jenuh dari anggota hoki kabupaten Pandeglang sebanyak 18 orang. Dari hasil pengolahan data yang telah dilakukan maka di peroleh bahwa hasil tes dari pengaruh penerapan mental imagery terhadap penurunan axiety sebelum menghadapi pertandingan dalam cabang olahraga hoki sebesar 0,03 yang artinya adalah signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan dan analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa mental imagery bisa di pakai untuk menurunkan tingkat anxiety sebelum menghadapi pertandingan. ----This study describes the effect of implementation of mental imagery to decrease anxiety before facing competition in the sport of hockey. In all sports is important to apply the practice of psychology, psychology can be very helpful for athlete appearances and can help perform athlete, one of all is mental imagery to decrease anxiety before the game. From the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mental application imagery to decrease anxiety before the face of the game in the sport of hockey. The method used in this research is to use experimental methods. The research was done in the district branch manager from Pandeglang in the sport of hockey by using technique of sampling of bringing his colleagues hockey saturated the district branch manager from Pandeglang as many as 18 people. of the data processing has been done it is obtained that the test results of the effect of the application of mental imagery to decrease anxiety before facing competition in the sport of hockey by 0,03 which means it is significant. Based on the results data processing and data analysis can be concluded that mental imagery can be used to lower the level of anxiety before the face of the game

The effects of recent mortgage refinancing

Rising home prices and generally falling interest rates in recent years, together with a desire to convert the accumulated equity in their homes into spendable funds, have prompted many homeowners to refinance their mortgages. In the spring of 1999, the Federal Reserve surveyed consumers to determine the extent of refinancing, the extent to which refinancing homeowners "cashed-out" some of their equity when they refinanced, how much equity they took out, and how they spent the funds. Survey results suggest that cash-out refinancings in 1998 and early 1999 likely boosted consumption spending a bit, may have had a larger effect on home improvement spending, and may have moderated the growth of consumer credit during that period.Mortgages ; Housing - Finance ; Interest rates

Temperature-stable Gunn-diode oscillator

Oscillator consisting of Gunn diode embedded in coaxial circuit has excellent temperature stability and low fabrication costs as compared with automatic-frequency-control crystal oscillators

New World of Gossamer Superconductivity

Since the discovery of the high-T$_{c}$ cuprate superconductor La$_{2-x}$BaCuO$_{4}$ in 1986 by Bednorz and M\"{u}ller, controversy regarding the nature or origin of this remarkable superconductivity has continued. However, d-wave superconductivity in the hole-doped cuprates, arising due to the anti-paramagnon exchange, was established around 1994. More recently we have shown that the mean field theory, like the BCS theory of superconductivity and Landau's Fermi liquid theory are adequate to describe the cuprates. The keys for this development are the facts that a)the pseudogap phase is d-wave density wave (dDW) and that the high-T$_{c}$ cuprate superconductivity is gossamer (i.e. it exists in the presence of dDW).Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Magnetothermopower and Nernst effect in unconventional charge density waves

Recently we have shown that the striking angular dependent magnetoresistance in the low temperature phase (LTP) of alpha-(BEDT-TTF)_2KHg(SCN)_4 is consistently described in terms of unconventional charge density wave (UCDW). Here we investigate theoretically the thermoelectric power and the Nernst effect in UDW. The present results account consistently for the recent data of magnetothermopower in alpha-(BEDT-TTF)_2KHg(SCN)_4 obtained by Choi et al. (Phys. Rev. B, 65, 205119 (2002)). This confirms further our identification of LTP in this salt as UCDW. We propose also that the Nernst effect provides a clear signature of UDW.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure