Activación ácida de Bentonita para ser usada como agente decolorante de aceites vegetales

The design of various experiments in order to assess and simulate the effects of the acid activation of an Algerian bentonite on the bleaching capacity of Colza oil is described. Three key parameters of the acidic activation, namely acid concentration, contact time and temperature, were considered. The calculations made indicated that all variables display advantageous effects up to a certain level on the effectiveness of bleaching, regarded as the responsefunction. The acid concentration exerts a predominant individual effect as compared to the other parameters. Some small interactions between parameters were considered. High bleaching capacity reached 99% as optimal activation. Under accurate statistical measurements, synergy phenomena could be observed. Excessive activation is discussed in terms of loss in both porosity and acid strength.Se describe el empleo del diseño de experimentos con objeto de evaluar y simular los efectos de la activación ácida de bentonita procedente de Argelia en la decoloración de aceite de colza. Para ello se evaluaron tres variables: concentración de ácido, tiempo de contacto y temperatura. Empleando como variable respuesta la efectividad en el proceso de decoloración, los resultados obtenidos indicaron que las tres variables proporcionaban un efecto beneficioso hasta un determinado nivel, siendo la concentración de ácido, el factor que producía una mayor variación en la variable respuesta. Se observaron pequeñas interacciones entre los efectos estudiados. Se obtuvo un 99 % de capacidad para la decoloración como valor óptimo. El tratamiento estadístico realizado indicó la presencia de un efecto sinérgico. Una activación excesiva se puede explicar en términos de una pérdida de porosidad y fuerza ácida

093 Look on the hold of heart failure management in Morocco, about 294 patient

Objectivethe objective was to identify the epidemiological, clinical and the outcome of heart failure (HF) in a Moroccan hospital.MethodA retrospective study using a serie of 294 patients hospitalized in our service from January 2005 to December 2008.ResultsThe HF occupies 14% of hospitalizations. The mean length of stay was 14±3.1 days. The mean age was 58±11.5 years. Men were mostly represented with a ratio H / F=3.5. The main cardiovascular risk factor was smoking (55%) followed by hypertension (40%) and diabetes (35%). Dyspnea was the main symptom reported in 91% of the cases. The clinical presentation was that of left (65%), right (22%) and global(23%) HF. Among electric signs, we found Atrial fibrillation (30%), a Q-wave (58%) and left ventricular hypertrophy (28%). the chest x-ray showed a cardiomegaly (89%) and signs of pulmonary overload (86%). Biology showed electrolyte abnormalities in half of the cases, renal failure (35%) and anemia (28%). In echocardiography, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 34.5±5.4%. LVEF was > 45% for 26% of patients. 134 patients underwent a coronary angiography which objectified coronary damage in 84% of the cases. The main causes were ischemic heart disease (42%), valvular heart disease(24%) and hypertension (13%). most used drugs were angiotensin converting enzym inhibitors and diuretics. 21% of patients underwent a mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis. Among patients with coronary artery disease, 33% were revascularized by coronary bypass (21%) and coronary angioplasty (12%). Cardiac resynchronization was performed for 19 patients using implantable automatic defibrillator for 3 of them.Hospital mortality was 10%.ConclusionThe main features of this population is the relatively young age, male predominance, ischemic heart disease as a leading cause and low rate of HF with preserved systolic function

Study of Monogenic Volcanism in a Karstic System: Case of the Maar of Lechmine n’Aït el Haj (Middle Atlas, Morocco)

The Lechmine n’Aït el Haj maar (LNH) is a mixed phreatomagmatic-strombolian vent located in the Causse of the Middle Atlas. The application of tephrostratigraphic, and geophysical studies to the volcaniclastic deposits allowed interpreting the volcanic dynamics of this volcano set up during the Quaternary. Pyroclastic deposits allow us to understand the chronology of the eruptions. These are organized in four eruptive phases. The basal sequences are phreatomagmatic, followed by a strombolian unit. The last activity of LNH is phreatomagmatic. The structural analysis revealed a localized distension signed by fracture geometry, the mixed nature of the volcanism, tectonic markers, and the mechanisms of syn-eruptive tectonics. This subsidence, controlled by the NW-SE to WNW-ESE directions tends towards a strike-slip regime fault NE–SW during the phreatomagmatic-strombolian transition. The latter is favored by the position of the LNH volcano on the path of faults of cryptokarstic origin. The LNH maar is one of numerous well preserved monogenic volcanoes of the Causse of the Middle Atlas. The appropriation of this geoheritage is very important for tourism and territorial development of the region

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Thymus broussonetii Boiss and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmann and Link Essential Oils

Thymus capitatus and Thymus broussonnetii are two Moroccan endemic medicinal plants used traditionally by the local population. The present study aims to investigate their essential oil chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the GC-MS analysis, the antioxidant activity assessed using DPPH and FRAP methods while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against nine bacteria species tested (Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia fonticola, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, sensitive Escherichia coli, resistant Escherichia coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes). The major identified compounds of T. capitatus essential oil where carvacrol (75%) and p-cymene (10.58%) while carvacrol (60.79%), thymol (12.9%), p-cymene (6.21%) and gamma-terpinene (4.47%) are the main compounds in T. broussonnetii essential oil. The bioactivity of the essential oils of the two species of thyme was explained by their richness in oxygenated monoterpenes known for their great effectiveness with an IC50 of 3.48 +/- 0.05 and 4.88 +/- 0.04 mu L/mL and EC50 of 0.12 +/- 0.01 and 0.20 +/- 0.02 mu L/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively, with an important antibacterial activity. These results encourage the use of these plants as a source of natural antioxidants, and antibacterial additives, to protect food from oxidative damage and to eliminate bacteria that are responsible for nosocomial infections.Peer reviewe

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Thymus broussonetii Boiss and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmann and Link Essential Oils

Thymus capitatus and Thymus broussonnetii are two Moroccan endemic medicinal plants used traditionally by the local population. The present study aims to investigate their essential oil chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the GC-MS analysis, the antioxidant activity assessed using DPPH and FRAP methods while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against nine bacteria species tested (Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia fonticola, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, sensitive Escherichia coli, resistant Escherichia coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes). The major identified compounds of T. capitatus essential oil where carvacrol (75%) and p-cymene (10.58%) while carvacrol (60.79%), thymol (12.9%), p-cymene (6.21%) and γ-terpinene (4.47%) are the main compounds in T. broussonnetii essential oil. The bioactivity of the essential oils of the two species of thyme was explained by their richness in oxygenated monoterpenes known for their great effectiveness with an IC50 of 3.48 ± 0.05 and 4.88 ± 0.04 μL/mL and EC50 of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.02 μL/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively, with an important antibacterial activity. These results encourage the use of these plants as a source of natural antioxidants, and antibacterial additives, to protect food from oxidative damage and to eliminate bacteria that are responsible for nosocomial infections

Antimicrobial and antiradical properties of Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin

Background: Hammada scoparia (Pomel) Iljin (HS), is commonly used by traditional healers in Morocco against microbial and fungal infections. We studied antimicrobial, antifungal and antiradical effects of organic extracts in vitro in order to confirm traditional utilization after phytochemical screening.Materials and methods: Aerial parts of HS have been extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical composition was realized by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antioxidant activity has been evaluated using DPPH test, while the antimicrobial tests of HS extract were conducted on twenty-eight bacterial strains and antifungal on twelve fungal strains.Results: Chemical characterization of HS essential oils (EO) confirmed the presence of carvacrol (82,28%), p-cymene (2,52%), γ- terpinene (2,18%) and Z-caryophyllene (2,04%). Antimicrobial tests of HS extract showed a moderate antibacterial activity without antifungal effect. In addition, HS exhibited a very powerful antiradical activity with IC50 = 1,2 mg/ml compared to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 0,5 mg/mL) and butylated  hydroxyanisole (0,8 mg/mL).Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that HS directly inhibits the growth of microorganisms in vitro, and further validates its traditional use as an antiseptic by traditional Moroccan healers. Keywords: polyphenolics, Hammada scoparia, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant

Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Thymus broussonetii Boiss and Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmann and Link Essential Oils

Thymus capitatus and Thymus broussonnetii are two Moroccan endemic medicinal plants used traditionally by the local population. The present study aims to investigate their essential oil chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The chemical composition of the essential oils was determined using the GC-MS analysis, the antioxidant activity assessed using DPPH and FRAP methods while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated against nine bacteria species tested (Enterococcus faecalis, Serratia fonticola, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella oxytoca, sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae, sensitive Escherichia coli, resistant Escherichia coli, resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes). The major identified compounds of T. capitatus essential oil where carvacrol (75%) and p-cymene (10.58%) while carvacrol (60.79%), thymol (12.9%), p-cymene (6.21%) and γ-terpinene (4.47%) are the main compounds in T. broussonnetii essential oil. The bioactivity of the essential oils of the two species of thyme was explained by their richness in oxygenated monoterpenes known for their great effectiveness with an IC50 of 3.48 ± 0.05 and 4.88 ± 0.04 μL/mL and EC50 of 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.02 μL/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively, with an important antibacterial activity. These results encourage the use of these plants as a source of natural antioxidants, and antibacterial additives, to protect food from oxidative damage and to eliminate bacteria that are responsible for nosocomial infections

An Approximation for the Power Function of a Semi-parametric Test of Fit

We consider in this paper goodness of fit tests of the null hypothesis that the underlying d.f. of a sample F(x), belongs to a given family of distribution functions F. We propose a method for deriving approximate values of the power of a weighted Cram´er-von Mises type test of goodness of fit. Our method relies on Karhunen-Lo`eve [K.L] expansions on (0, 1) for the weighted a Brownian bridges. Key words and phrases. Cram´er-von Mises tests; Tests of goodness of fit; weak laws; empirical processes; Karhunen-Lo`eve expansions; Gaussian processes; Brownian bridge; Bessel functions