FNAC, cell block and core needle biopsy in diagnosis of lung masses: a necessity or choice?

Background: Lung cancer is the commonest cancer mortality in the world. In targeted therapy era, precise cytohistological diagnosis is offered traditionally by FNAC, Cell Block (CB) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB). However, little is known whether one technique is superior to other or all the three techniques complement each another. Therefore, this is a unique study as no other study has compared these techniques together till date. The objective of the study was to evaluate performance of FNAC, Cell block (CB) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) individually and comparing them with each other.Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 cases who underwent two passes-1st for FNAC smears and Cell Block and 2nd for CNB.Results: Material was Inadequate in 8 cases by FNAC 16 with Cell Block and 02 with CNB. When adequate, diagnosis and typing was possible by Cell Block (32) and CNB (48). In 08 FNAC cases having adequate material, cytological typing wasn’t possible. These 08 cases were typed by cell block as 07 malignant and 01 pre-malignant. The combined inadequate cases with cyto-technique (FNAC and Cell Block) were 04 compared to 02 cases on CNB. Combined sensitivity of Cyto-techniques was 95.4% compared to 97% on CNB. The specificity was 100% for both Cyto-techniques and CNB.Conclusions: Diagnostic adequacy and test parameters improved and approached CNB when both cyto-techniques are combined. So, we strongly recommend that Cell Block be made routine diagnostic procedure in all the government institutions especially for guided FNAC

Multifunctional Generic System

As per the present scenario of computing world a huge number of calculation are required in many fields such as research and development , computer having high computational power is needed and thus the cost to maintain such project is quite high. As per the cen sus of 2012, 360,985,492 i.e. 34% of todays gadgets ar e connected to internet, by our project we have proposed an approach to develop a generic system by which we can easily configure these 34% devices to take part in these computation s. M oreover our approach offers a high degree of flexibility , we can use th e computational capabilities of any device for any random task . If the problem definition changes slightly or entirely our system will not be affected by these changes. We have proposed as approach to buil t the system suitable for co rpo rate world by which they can provide various services and at the same time they will be using their client system for their various computational needs. Thus our project is multifunctional and generic in true sense

Broad ligament fibroid in treated breast carcinoma patient

Fibroids are the most common benign lesions of the uterus and genital tract and rarely can be extrauterine in origin. The broad ligament fibroids, even though having a low incidence, are the most common extrauterine firoids. This is a case of 36 years old nulliparous woman treated for invasive carcinoma of breast with infertility, with broad ligament fibroid presenting with abdominal pain, reported for its rarity and operative experience

Cavernous haemangioma of spleen: a rare case report

Tumours of the spleen are as such rare. Of these rare tumours, haemangioma is the most commonly encountered benign tumour with fewer than 100 cases reported. It is either an incidental finding or presents as splenic enlargement or with complications. Preoperative investigations are often inconclusive and may not distinguish between haemangioma and metastases. We report a case of 40 years female with cavernous haemangioma of spleen presenting as massive splenomegaly. Splenic haemangioma presenting as massive splenomegaly is extremely rare and deserves a mention

Placenta accreta in a referred post hysterotomy case: a bold step into the unknown

Placenta accreta spectrum encompasses a range of pathological adherence of placenta and causes significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. With the increase in the number of cesarean deliveries over the last few decades, there has been an 8 fold increase in the incidence of placenta accreta. The single most important risk factor reported in about half the cases of PAS disorders is placenta previa. Management involves a standardized approach with a comprehensive multidisciplinary care team accustomed to management of placenta accreta. We discuss a rare case of a patient who underwent hysterotomy in an outside hospital and was referred to our tertiary care centre as atonic PPH. Undiagnosed antenatally and at the time of hysterotomy, she was diagnosed as a case of placenta accreta on exploration at our institute and was surgically managed

A successful pregnancy outcome following embolisation for post modified Manchester Fothergill haemorrhage: an interesting case report

Genital prolapse is one of the most common disorder affecting women of varying age group; though it typically affects older and parous women. Malfunction of the pelvic support is the most common cause of this disorder. Increasing age and excess weight are established risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse.In young nulliparous women conservative surgery is preferred to preserve the fertility of the patient. The approach of surgery can be either vaginal or abdominal depending on the classification of prolapse. We reported a rare case of a 36-year-old P1L0 (IUFD1) A1 with cervical elongation who was apprehensive to have a child. She was managed at our institute and had a successful pregnancy outcome in spite of undergoing embolization for secondary haemorrhage following modified Manchester-Fothergill operation

Formulation and evaluation of a face serum containing fenugreek extract

Background: Wrinkles on the face and aging of the skin are an undesirable effect of photodamage and ultraviolet radiation. Serum has a quick absorption and ability to penetrate deep layers of the skin, as well as a non-oily finish and a deep formula with a very high amount of active ingredients. Methods: In this study, we have formulated and evaluated a face serum containing combination of aqueous extract of fenugreek seed and lemon oil. Results: Facial serum was tested for its pH, physical appearance, viscosity, microbial testing, cyclic temperature test, etc. The results of the stability study show that there was no change in visual acuity, homogeneity. Conclusions: Serum containing Fenugreek extract have been able to cure bacterial infections and inflammations of facial skin, and other signs also moistens the skin without any side effects making skin soft, smooth and supple

Correlation between Maternal Mid Upper Arm Circumference and Neonatal Birth Weight: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Birth weight is the best marker of optimal foetal growth and development. Apart from being an important determinant of newborn survival, Low Birth Weight (LBW) also indicates nutritional deprivation and poor health of the mother during and before pregnancy. On the other hand, Maternal nutrition and anthropometry also affect infant’s birth weight. Aim: To find out the correlation of maternal Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) and neonatal birth weight. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre (tertiary care hospital), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, from September 2021 to February 2022. Convenient sampling method was used to select cases and control. All the mothers who had delivered full term live singleton new born with birth weight <2.5 kg were selected as a case and mothers who had delivered singleton new born babies ≥2.5 kg were selected as a control. There was a total of 100 mother-infant dyads with 50 pairs having infant with LBW (cases) and the rest 50 with infants having normal birth weight (controls). Data was collected on the socio-demographic status of the mothers using a predesigned questionnaire along with their weight (from record), maternal MUAC measurement, and birth weight of their babies. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Results: Mean age of cases was 24.48±2.757 years and that of controls was 24.52±2.255 years. Mean birth weight was 2206±200.9 gm for cases and 2934±305.79 gm for the control group. Maternal MUAC was ≤23 cm in 52% of cases and only 16% in controls (OR- 5.69, CI: 2.23-13.74, p-value=0.001). A linear correlation was found between maternal MUAC and birth weight (r-value=0.3376, p-value=0.001). Conclusion: As there was a positive correlation between maternal MUAC ≤23 cm and LBW babies, maternal MUAC can be used as a predictor of LBW, and hence, measurement of maternal MUAC should be included during antenatal check-ups

Co-expressed recombinant human Translin-Trax complex binds DNA

AbstractTrax, expressed alone aggregates into insoluble complexes, whereas upon co-expression with Translin becomes readily soluble and forms a stable heteromeric complex (∼430kDa) containing both proteins at nearly equimolar ratio. Based on the subunit molecular weights, estimated by MALDI-TOF-MS, the purified complex appears to comprise of either an octameric Translin plus a hexameric Trax (calculated MW 420kDa) or a heptamer each of Trax and Translin (calculated MW 425kDa) or a hexameric Translin plus an octameric Trax (calculated MW 431kDa). The complex binds single-stranded/double-stranded DNA. ssDNA gel-shifted complex shows both proteins at nearly equimolar ratio, suggesting that Translin “chaperones” Trax and forms heteromeric complex that is DNA binding competent

Cryo-electron microscopy of chromatin biology

The basic unit of chromatin, the nucleosome core particle (NCP), controls how DNA in eukaryotic cells is compacted, replicated and read. Since its discovery, biochemists have sought to understand how this protein-DNA complex can help to control so many diverse tasks. Recent electron-microscopy (EM) studies on NCP-containing assemblies have helped to describe important chromatin transactions at a molecular level. With the implementation of recent technical advances in single-particle EM, our understanding of how nucleosomes are recognized and read looks to take a leap forward. In this review, the authors highlight recent advances in the architectural understanding of chromatin biology elucidated by EM