27 research outputs found

    Analysis of input coupler asymmetry influence onΒ particle beams dynamics in accelerators withΒ superconducting cavities

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    An investigation of input coupler asymmetry influence on electron beam’s dynamics in energy recovery linacs (ERL) with superconducting cavities was carried out. Were considered several types of input power couplers – coaxial and waveguide, asymmetric and symmetric. Based on numerical modeling electromagnetic fields distribution in accelerating cavity with input coupler was found, the transverse deflecting impulse was calculated.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ дослідТСння Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρƒ асимСтрії Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ потуТності Π² Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈ Ρ–Π½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ— частини ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Ρ‡Π° Π· Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”ΡŽ Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³Ρ–Ρ— (ERL) Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡ–ΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΡ–Π² Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Ρ–Π². Розглянуто ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΡ–Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ– Ρ– Ρ…Π²ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ–, асимСтричні Ρ– симСтричні Π²Π°Ρ€Ρ–Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ потуТності. На основі Ρ‡ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ модСлювання Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ–Π» Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½Ρ–Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»Ρ–Π² Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ– Π· пристроєм Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ потуТності, Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρ€Π°Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Ρ–Π΄Ρ…ΠΈΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‡ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ–ΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΡƒ.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ исслСдованиС влияния асиммСтрии Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² мощности Π² свСрхпроводящиС Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ части ускоритСля с Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ энСргии (ERL) Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΏΡƒΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ² элСктронов. РассмотрСны ΠΊΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅, асиммСтричныС ΠΈ симмСтричныС Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² мощности. На основС числСнного модСлирования Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ распрСдСлСниС элСктромагнитных ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΡƒΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π΅ с устройством Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° мощности, рассчитана Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡΠ°

    Russian economic thought on agricultural issues (Article of N.P. Makarov)

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    The author of this article, the remarkable Russian economist Nikolai Makarov (1886-1980), is one of the brightest representatives of Chayanov’s organization-production school, who had a long and dramatic life. After graduating from the Faculty of Economics of the Moscow University, he conducted economic-statistical studies of the Russian peasantry and cooperation, and taught a number of agrarian-economic disciplines at the universities of Moscow and Voronezh. Makarov took an active part in the preparation of agrarian reforms during the 1917 Revolution. During the Civil War, he emigrated to the United States and wrote books about American agriculture. In 1924, at the invitation of Alexander Chayanov, Makarov returned to Soviet Russia - as a wellknown professor and influential expert in the comparative studies of rural development in various regions of the world2. The fruitful scientific work of Makarov and his colleagues from the organization-production school was stopped in 1930 - when Stalin accused Chayanov and Makarov of sabotaging collectivization and preparing a counter-revolutionary coup in the USSR. Makarov spent several years in prison, and in the mid-1930s, he was sent to work as an economist at the state farms of the Black-Earth region. In the late 1940s, he was allowed to return to research and teaching, and in old age, he published a number of books on the Soviet agricultural economy. The article presents the emigrant period of Makarov’s life, when he collaborated with the editorial board of the Peasant Russia journal published in Czechoslovakia in the 1920s. Makarov conducts a political-economic analysis of the main issues and topics in the Russian agrarian thought of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. First, he describes the features of the Narodnik and Marxist theoretical-methodological approaches to the study of the Russian rural evolution. Then, in the spirit of the Chayanov school, Makarov looks for a fruitful compromise between these two ideologies. He notes the important impact on Russian agrarians of the international, primarily German, studies of the agricultural organization and evolution. The final sections of the article explain Makarov’s original classifications and typologies of the forms and directions of the agricultural evolution. Today, a hundred years later, this Makarov’s work helps us to better understand the debatable roots of the Russian and global agrarian ideologies in the early 20th century.Автор этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ российский экономист Николай ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² (1886-1980) являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ярких прСдставитСлСй ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-производствСнной ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ АлСксандра Чаянова. ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ» Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Тизнь. По ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‡Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ экономичСского Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° Московского унивСрситСта ΠΎΠ½ занимался экономико-статистичСскими исслСдованиями ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² России, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Π» ряд Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎ-экономичСских дисциплин Π² унивСрситСтах ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π’ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΆΠ°. ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² принял Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ участиС Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ Π² Русской Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ 1917 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π’ΠΎ врСмя граТданской Π²ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹ ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² эмигрировал Π² БША, Π³Π΄Π΅ написал ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± амСриканском сСльском хозяйствС. По ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³Π»Π°ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ АлСксандра Чаянова Николай ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² вСрнулся Π² ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Россию Π² 1924-ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ. К этому Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ являлся извСстным профСссором, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ экспСртом Π² области исслСдований компаративистских стратСгий сСльского развития Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π°. ΠŸΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Π°Ρ научная Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-производствСнной школС Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€Π²Π°Π½Π° Π² 1930-ΠΌ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΠ±Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ» Чаянова ΠΈ ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π° Π² саботаТС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π² Π‘Π‘Π‘Π . ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π» нСсколько Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π² Ρ‚ΡŽΡ€ΡŒΠΌΠ΅. Π’ сСрСдинС 1930-Ρ… Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½ Π±Ρ‹Π» выслан Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ экономистом Π² совхозы Π§Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ΠΌΡŒΡ. Π’ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ 1940-Ρ… Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ» Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΊ профСссорской Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. Он ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ возрастС ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ряд ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ ΠΏΠΎ экономикС совСтского сСльского хозяйства. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ здСсь ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ относится ΠΊ эмигрантскому ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ сотрудничал с Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Π° Β«ΠšΡ€Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Россия» издававшСмся Π² ЧСхословакии Π² 1920-Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π’ этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² стрСмится Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ политэкономичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· основных вопросов ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ мысли России ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π° Π₯IX - Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π˜Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ особСнности Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-мСтодологичСских ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ сСльской России Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ марксистов, Π° Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ стрСмится Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ Π² Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ Чаянова Π½Π°ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ для ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ компромисса этих Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… идСологичСских ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π·Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ воздСйствиС Π½Π° российских Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅ всСго гСрманского ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚Π° изучСния ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ сСльского хозяйства ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ‹ этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ посвящСны обоснованию собствСнных макаровских ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… классификаций ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. Бпустя сто Π»Π΅Ρ‚ этот тСкст ΠœΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°ΠΌ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ дискуссионныС ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈ Π°Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ России ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°

    An extension theorem in the theory of regular tilings and its applications

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    The extension theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions under which a convex polytope admits a regular (tile-transitive) tiling of the d-dimensional space of constant curvature. The extension theorem was first stated in [N. P. Dolbilin, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR {bf 230} (1976), no.~3, 516--519; [msn] MR0420414 (54 #8428) [/msn]]. In the paper under review a detailed proof of the extension theorem is given. Also, from this theorem the known theorems on fundamental polytopes (by Venkov and by Coxeter) are derived

    Effectiveness of combined use: Inactivated vaccines with immunostimulants on the in vivo model of teschen disease

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    The Teschen disease (enzootic encephalomyelitis, enterovirus encephalomyelitis in pigs) is a viral disease in pigs, characterized by the development of non-suppurative encephalomyelitis and the emergence of paralysis. Live and inactivated vaccines are used to prevent the Teschen disease. The vaccines are prepared from tissues of the central nervous system of infected pigs or using a cultured viral suspension with the addition of various adjuvants. The inactivated vaccine against the Teschen disease protects 70-80% of vaccinated pigs from subsequent intracerebral infection with a pathogenic virus. The titer of virus-neutralizing antibodies reaches a maximum (1:64-1:1444) two weeks after the second vaccination. Vaccinated pigs with titer of neutralizing antibodies above than 1:32-1:128 are resistant to infection enterovirus encephalomyelitis of pigs. If the animal was older than 6 weeks age at the time of vaccination expressed antibody formation was observed. The disadvantages of inactivated vaccines are the low level and short duration of the formed protective immunity. Therefore, to induce and maintain a high level of humoral immunity people are forced to resort to multiple vaccinations. Another way to amplify the protectiveness of inactivated vaccines is the use of immunomodulators for the regulation of immunological reactivity. A wide field of activity remains for the selection of effective immunomodulators and optimal schemes for their combined use with inactivated vaccines. It seems advisable to determine the possibilities of using a number of immunostimulants produced by the domestic bioproductivity in the vaccine prophylaxis of viral diseases of farm. Β© 2020 Sereda et al
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