Perspectives on the Strategies for Teaching and Learning English as a Second Language at the University of Juba, South Sudan

In line with South Sudan’s vision of a self- governing community, much hope was invested in the English speaking world thereby making a shift from Arabisation from the North. As a result, the English language was adopted a marker of identity and opposition to Arabic, language of government, education as well as international communication. As part of South Sudan’s look south policy, English was made to be a second language as opposed to a foreign language. In tandem with this country’s vision the University of Juba is not spared from the adoption of English as the language of instruction and a learning subject.  Due to the democratisation of schooling and education for all, enrolment in the learning of English is increasing and resultantly large classes are emerging.  In view of this, the paper therefore examines and provides preliminary results on the nature and feasibility of some teaching and learning of English in large classes at the University of Juba. This was done in light of the principles and concepts of Richards and Rodgers’ (2001) Communicative Language Teaching approach. It emerges from the findings that in the absence of a teaching framework there is no uniformity on the strategies that being adopted by both learners and teachers in the learning and teaching of English as a second language

Post-operative rehabilitation of displaced-proximal radius fracture: a case study

Proximal radial fractures typically occur after a fall on the outstretched hand. Elbow trauma is usually followed by post-traumatic elbow stiffness, which has been recognized as a major cause of functional impairment. A stiff elbow restricts patient’s ability to position hand in space required, for desired use of the upper extremities during activity of daily living. The goal of rehabilitation, post-traumatic elbow stiffness is to restore functional arc of motion. The patient treatment should be designed depending on the severity, type and time course of the arthrofibrosis. Since, there is no universally recognized treatment algorithm, treatment must be personalized/customized and stipulated through a shared decision-making process with each patient. Fourty four-year female was diagnosed with post – operative elbow stiffness following a displaced proximal one-third of radius fracture (right side). The patient had decreased muscle strength and limited shoulder, elbow and wrist range of motion, hypersensitivity around the scar and wrist and elbow pain. Progressive multi-treatment rehabilitation approach was given to the patient. Physical therapy intervention improved range of motion, strength, decreased hypersensitivity and pain of the patient as well as aided in quick recovery from stiff elbow

Civic Political Engagement of Sub-Saharan African Naturalized Immigrants

Civic political engagement is an intentional and empathic leadership behavior, especially toward engaging minorities and populations that are usually not seen and heard. Research has shown that civic political engagement helps foster better communities, people, organizations, all levels of government, and private and non-profit entities. Engaging sub-Saharan Africans as a disadvantaged population requires that they are met where they are, and because this does not happen often, they have continued to be ignored and understudied compared to other immigrant groups. This qualitative study has been an effort to see and hear sub-Saharan African stories and experiences. The study used a descriptive phenomenology approach. There were 24 participants in four focus groups to examine how sub-Saharan Africans naturalized immigrants engage in civic political processes. The study used Hanna Pitkin’s political representation theory as a lens to approach the research. In the findings, the following themes and subthemes emerged based on three research questions. The first question investigated participation, and activities and behaviors modeled emerged as the theme. Subthemes were: voting, campaign and mobilization, advocacy/activism, and volunteering. The second question examined the influence of lived experiences, and the theme was perception and attitude. The subthemes were: opportunity, resilience, representation, and fear of politics. Finally, the third question investigated motives with the theme of ubuntu (“I am because you are”). The subthemes were: collective community responsibility, and dignity and identity

Probing diplomacy on resource conflicts between Kenya and South Sudan

The diversity of African Conflicts has become a field of inquiry and drawn the attention of many scholars who wish to theorize the origin of these conflicts. Such conflicts were perceived, in many ways, as originating from a colonial legacy. However, conflicts over natural resources have always played a role in human society, and have retarded socio-development in many countries. Guy Martin acknowledges that, over the last 40 years, Africa has been and continues to be one of the most conflict-ridden regions of the world; this has resulted in untold human suffering (Guy, 2002:185-188). This study focuses on resource conflicts and their outcomes on Public Administration as a discipline. The discussion offers a theoretical review of academic literature in combination with an analysis of the feature of resource conflicts and the relevant policies which govern conflict resolution and management. According to Terry et al (2007:32), “these two regions suffered from developmental and educational ignorance”. Most of the people living in this area are pastoralists; as such, the violence emanating from cattle rustling within Sudan and across its borders with Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia continues to erode their moral fabric. The remoteness of the area has caused it to be a landscape of conflicts and insecurity and might have been cause for the paralysis of public administration and, in turn, reflected in poor service delivery. During the course of the study, an orderly and systematic use of mixed methods was chosen, since quantitative and qualitative research methods were found to be complementary rather than oppositional approaches. Using both prominent and modest collection procedures, the methods employed in this study proved to be practical and useful. The study examines resource conflict between the Turkana of Kenya and the Toposa of South Sudan. It suggests practical strategies and mechanisms by which the problem will be ameliorated, here and elsewhere, in as far as providing effective and efficient service delivery to the community without fail

Access to essential medicines in East Africa: A review of East Africa community and its member states approach to WTO-TRIPS public health flexibilities

When the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was annexed to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1994, it set minimum standards for intellectual property (IP) protection, including protection of patent rights, that must be observed and enforced by all WTO Member States. On the one hand, stringent Intellectual Property protection as seen innovation in the field of science where medical innovation hasled to the creation of live saving vaccines which have reduced prevalence of diseases, ranging from polio to the human Papillomavirus, and invention of antiretroviral medicines which have greatly improved the lives of people living with the Huma Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). On the other hand, the fulfilment of the obligations under TRIPS has generated a lot of controversy especially as they have been seen as the cause of reduced access to essential medicines in developing countries.Magister Legum - LLM (Mercantile and Labour Law

Biochemical and haematological values in abattoir pigs with and without subclinical lesions

The biochemical and haematological profiles of 379 pigs with or without various gross pathological lesions in an abattoir in Zimbabwe were studied to see whether there were any differences between the levels of haematological and biochemical values, and health status (with and without pathological lesions). On the basis of observable gross pathology, 134 pigs were classified as having one or more subclinical lesions (liver milk spot, pneumonia, pleurisy, pericarditis, abscesses and arthritis). Seventy six of these were males and 58 females. There were observable sex differences in the mean haematological and biochemical values obtained. Erythrocyte counts showed significant differences in mean values (P < 0,05) among groups of pigs found with various pathological lesions. The biochemical values showed significant group differences for ALP, ALT. AST, and LDH.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.University of Zimbabwe Research Boardmn201

Modeling and Forecasting USD/UGX Volatility through GARCH Family Models: Evidence from Gaussian, T and GED Distributions

Symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models-GARCH (1,1); PARCH(1;1); EGARCH(1,1,); TARCH(1,1) and IGARCH(1,1)- were used to examine stylized facts of daily USD/UGX return series from September 1st, 2005 to August 30th, 2018. Modeling and forecasting were performed based on Gaussian, Student's t and GED distribution densities with a view to identifying the best distribution for examining stylized facts about the volatility of returns. Initial tests of heteroscedasticity (ARCH-LM), autocorrelation and stationarity were carried out to establish specific data requirements before modeling. Results for conditional variance indicated the presence of significant asymmetries, volatility clustering, leptokurtic distribution, and leverage effects. Effectively, PARCH (1,1) under GED distribution provided highly significant results free from serial correlation and ARCH effects, thus revealing the asymmetric responsiveness and persistence to shocks. Forecasting was performed across distributions & assessed based on symmetric lost functions (RMSE, MAE, MAPE & Thiel's U) and information criteria (AIC, SBC & Loglikelihood). The information criteria offered a preference for EGARCH (1,1) under GED distribution while symmetric lost functions provided very competitive choices with very slight precedence for GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) under GED distribution. Following these results, it's recommended that PARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) be respectively preferred for modeling and forecasting volatility with GED as the choice distribution. Given the asymmetric responsiveness and persistence of conditional variance, macroeconomic & fiscal adjustments in addition to stabilization of the internal political environment are advised for Uganda.  Keywords: Forecasting volatility, GARCH family Models, Probability Distribution Density, Forecast accuracy. JEL Classifications: C58, C53, G17, F31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.901

Body condition and ruminal morphology responses of free-ranging impala ( Aepyceros melampus ) to changes in diet

Variation of the intraruminal papillation pattern with diet quality has been described in many ruminant species, but the use of papillation measures as a proxy for habitat quality and nutritional status of animals has not been evaluated. We compared various measures of body condition (body mass, body condition score, kidney fat index, bone marrow fat index, adrenal mass, kidney to adrenal mass ratio), diet quality (%browse, protein and fibre content) and rumen papillation in 106 impalas (Aepyceros melampus) from four different locations in Zimbabwe. The various condition proxies indicated that periods of low diet quality are characterised by a high proportion of browse in the diet of this species. Animals with a high proportion of browse had more voluminous rumens, suggesting a compensation for lower diet quality by increased intake. Macroscopic papillation indices did not yield meaningful significant correlations with diet quality or body condition proxies, and hence, their use for estimating habitat or body condition cannot be advocated. In contrast to previous histological reports, ballooning cells of the Stratum corneum of the ruminal mucosa were more prominent in animals on lower-quality diets. There were significant correlations of the kidney to adrenal mass ratio with other body conditions and with diet quality indices, suggesting that poor body condition and low diet quality represent stressful situations

Preparation and antimicrobial evaluation of polyion complex (PIC) nanoparticles loaded with polymyxin B

AbstractHere, we describe novel polyion complex (PIC) particles for the delivery of Polymyxin B (Pol-B), an antimicrobial peptide currently used in the clinic as a last resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. A range of conditions for the controlled assembly of Pol-B with poly(styrene sulphonate) (PSS) has been identified which let us prepare stable colloidal PIC particles. This way, PIC particles containing different Pol-B:PSS ratios have been prepared and their stability under simulated physiological conditions (i.e. pH, osmotic pressure and temperature) characterised. Furthermore, preliminary evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of these Pol-B containing PIC particles has been performed, by monitoring their effect on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium