Comparison of the effect of low level laser therapy with alvogyl on the management of alveolar osteitis

Background: This study investigated the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for managing alveolar osteitis (AO). Material and Methods: Sixty patients with alveolar osteitis of mandibular third molars were randomly divided into three groups. In group 1, socket irrigation was followed by alvogyl placement, and the treatment was repeated 48 hours later. In group 2, socket was irradiated with a low power red laser for 3 consecutive days (200 mW, 30 seconds on each of the buccal and lingual surfaces and 30 seconds at the middle of the socket, 6 J per area). The subjects in group 3 underwent treatment with a low power infrared laser with the same parameters as group 2. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record the degree of pain at the morning (T0, before intervention) and at 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) hours later for 3 days. Results: Pain was significantly lower in the alvogyl group than the other groups at T1 and T2 points on day 1 and at T0 and T1 points on day 2 ( p <0.05). At T2 point on day 2 and on day 3, VAS became significantly lower in the red laser group compared to the other groups ( p <0.05). The infrared laser was not more efficacious than the other groups at any of the treatment intervals, but it reduced VAS to an acceptable level. Conclusions: LLLT displayed good results in this study for treatment of alveolar osteitis and should be further investigated as an alternative to alvogyl for AO management

Effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Irradiation in Reducing Pain and Accelerating Socket Healing After Undisturbed Tooth Extraction

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on reducing complications following tooth extraction.Methods: This randomized clinical trial consisted of 40 subjects who underwent lower molar extraction. The patients were randomly assigned to 4 groups. Group 1 was irradiated with a 660 nm laser (200 mW, 30 seconds radiation to lingual, buccal and occlusal surfaces of the socket, 6 J/area). In group 2, an 810 nm laser was applied similar to group 1. In group 3, a combination of 660 and 810 nm lasers was used. The patients in group 4 served as a placebo group. LLLT was performed after 0.5-1 hour of extraction and 2 days later. The participants were asked to record pain degree using a visual analogue scale (VAS) over 7 days. The amount of wound healing was evaluated on the third and seventh days.Results: There was no significant difference in pain scores among the groups at any of the assessment intervals (P &gt; 0.05). The between-group differences in wound healing scores were small and insignificant (P &gt; 0.05).Conclusion: LLLT with 660 nm or 810 nm lasers or their combination had no greater effect than the placebo laser for reducing the complications of tooth extraction. 

Comparison of Ondansetron versus Clonidine efficacy for prevention of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting after orthognathic surgeries : a triple blind randomized controlled trial

The aim of this randomized controlled triple blind trial was to compare the efficacy of clonidine with dexamethasone versus ondansetron with dexamethasone for postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting prevention in orthognathic surgery patients. In this clinical trial study, 30 consecutive patients with skeletal class III deformities were candidates for orthognathic surgery in Qaem hospital, Mashhad University of medical sciences, Mashhad, Iran from March to November 2017. These subjects were randomly assigned to two equal number groups, ondansetron or clonidine. Patients received either oral ondansetron 8mg or oral clonidine 150?g as premedication, 1 hour before the surgery (both dissolved in 20 cc of water). Also both groups received intravenous dexamethasone 8mg (1 hour preoperatively and every 4 hours intraoperatively). In this study, a total of 30 patients (14 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 23.9 ± 3.9 were investigated. The incidence of postoperative nausea in women was more than men (p=0.003), also the correlation between the incidence of PON and the surgery duration ? 3 hours was statistically significant (p = 0.050). The frequency of postoperative nausea (PON) in the ondansetron group was less than clonidine (53.3% vs 73.3% respectively). There was no postoperative vomiting (POV) in the ondansetron group, but 6.7% of cases in clonidine group suffered POV. Post-operative nausea in ondansetron group occurred significantly later than clonidine (525.0±233.2 vs 100.0±34.0 min; p<0.001). On the other hand, the incidence time of post-operative severe pain or in other word the analgesia time in clonidine group was significantly more than ondansetron one (875/0±68/5 vs 614.3±159.1 min; p<0.001). Ondansetron with dexamethasone premedication was more effective in controlling PONV after orthognathic surgery compared to clonidine with dexamethasone group

Comparison of Digital Cephalometric Tracing by Onyx Ceph Software versus Manual Method

Background: Cephalometric radiography is a valuable method for diagnosis, treatment design, and also for the study of growth and development of teeth and craniofacial complex. In addition to the above features, Onyx Ceph software has the ability to predict soft and hard tissue changes after jaw surgery and can be useful for orthodontists and surgeons. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of linear and angular measurements between these programs and manual measurements. Materials and Methods: For this study, 30 cephalograms from 30 different patients of orthodontic candidates were selected. Initially, cephalometric analysis of printed stereotypes was performed manually and then using Onyx ceph v. 3.6 software. Eight angular measurements (FMA/IMPA/SNA/SNB/PNB/1.NA/1.NB/Y-AXIS) and four linear measurements (Co-Gn, Co-A, E-line lower lip, and LAFH). 10 lateral cephalograms were randomly selected and re-traced (5 cases manually and 5 digitally). Data were analyzed by t-test. Results: Regarding the results of the t-test, it was found that the measurements of the variables between the two groups were not statistically significant and these differences are significant only for the three variables: FMA, 1-NA, and 1-NB. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between any of the variables in these two different times for both manual and digital tracing methods. Conclusion: In this study, comparing the manual method and the digital method, there was only a significant difference between the FMA variables and there was no significant difference between the two periods of initial and recurrent trace. The results of this study showed that the digital tracing with the Onyx Ceph software had a same accuracy in comparison to manual tracing and could be used instead of the traditional methods. Clinical Significance: Due to the fact that digital tracing facilitates the tracing process and does not reduce accuracy, the use of these software could be recommended

Using Absorbable Gelatin Sponge to Facilitate Sinus Membrane Elevation during Open Sinus Lift: Technical Notes and Case Series

Ridge atrophy accompanied by the pneumatization of maxillary sinus in the maxillary posterior region may lead to inadequate bone height, thereby precluding implant placement. Therefore, it may be mandatory to perform a sinus membrane elevation procedure and augmentation in the bone. The present study aimed to introduce a novel modification method for sinus floor elevation using a gelatin sponge (Gelatamp, COLTÈNE ROEKO, India) in order for better visualization, hemostasis, and conservative maxillary sinus membrane dissection with the low risk of complications. Implant placement was performed in a case series of 28 patients with hyperpneumatized sinus or a moderately resorbed posterior maxillary alveolus. According to the findings, implant placement caused no complications in the patients. Furthermore, none of the patients experienced infections, sinusitis or graft and implant failure clinically and radiographically at the three- and six-month follow-up. Therefore, it could be concluded that gelatamp-assisted sinus lift is a simple, safe, noninvasive, and innovative technique for sinus membrane elevation. In addition, it is predictable and efficient, especially in the cases where piezoelectric surgery armamentarium is not available

Periodontal Problems Following Surgical Extraction of Impacted

Introduction:There are conflicting reports on the effects of surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars on the periodontium of the adjacent teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the condition of the periodontium six months after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars with baseline values. Methods: Fifty patients with mesioangular impacted mandibular third molarsparticipated in this study. Probing depth (PD), Leo and Sillness' gingival index (GI), and clinical attachment level (CAL) in distobuccal, mid-distal, and distolingual surfaces of second molar teeth were assessed before surgical extraction of the third molars and 6 months later. To evaluate the changes in alveolar bone height (BH), two parallel PA radiographs obtained at the baseline and follow-up session. Data was analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software atthe confidence interval of 95%. Results: Thirty-eight females and 12 males participated in this study. Twenty-eight(56%) of impacted molar teeth were in the right side and 22 (44%) were in the left side. Baseline values of PD, CAL, and GI at three points of the distal surface of the mandibular second molar tooth had no significant differences with follow-up values (P-value> 0.05). According to the radiographs, baseline BH also had insignificant difference with follow-up height (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar does not affect periodontium after 6 months

An infrequent histopathological subtype of ameloblastoma: Adenoid granular cell ameloblastoma with dentinoid

Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is a rare odontogenic tumor. Granular cell ameloblastoma also is a less common histological subtype of ameloblastoma. In this report, the patient was a 31-year-old male. The lesion was located in the right mandible and was unicystic with well-defined borders. The tumor tissue was showing a combination of follicular, plexiform, and desmoplastic patterns of ameloblastoma with wide areas of granular cells, fibrous stroma, glandular pattern, and dentinoid calcified. Very few cases of distinct forms of ameloblastoma that show the formation of dentinoid has been reported. However, there are no cases of adenoid granular cell ameloblastoma with dentinoid reported

Comparison of Burning Mouth Syndrome Prevalence and its Related Factors between Menopausal and Non-Menopausal Women

Introduction: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is defined as burning and pain in the oral mucosa usually without any clinical and laboratory findings. It has a negative effect on patients' quality of life and can be a significant health problem. The aim of this study was to identify major risk factors associated with BMS in menopausal and non-menopausal women at dental clinics of Gorgan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 450 elderly female patients attending Gorgan dental clinics, Iran. Questionnaires were completed for all the patients by the examiner. For those with burning mouth, intraoral examination was performed to make sure of lacking any clinical pathoses. In addition to descriptive statistics, t-student, Chi-square, Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Logistic Regression were used for data analysis. Results: In total, 13.8% of patients (n=62) suffered from BMS. Level of education (OR=4.67) and menopause (OR=4.45) were found to be a as predictors of increased prevalence of BMS in women of 30 to 60 years of age. According to Logistic Regression analysis, educational level, menstrual status, antidepressants, and systemic disease were significantly related to BMS. Conclusion: The prevalence of BMS among women in Gorgan (Iran) was relatively high, and the major risk factors were high level of education and menopause

Platelet-Rich Fibrin: An Autologous Fibrin Matrix in Surgical Procedures: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Introduction: The healing process after surgery is a challenging issue for surgeons. Various materials and techniques have been developed to facilitate this process and reduce its period. Fibrin adhesives are often used in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery to seal diffuse microvascular bleeding and in general and plastic surgery to seal wound borders. This Case report and literature review will introduce the various usages of platelet-rich fibrin in different surgical procedures and the method of producing the matrix. Case Report: A 24-year old man with periorbital skin avulsion treated with PRF membrane has been reported and discussed in this paper.  Conclusion: Platelet-rich fibrin is a natural autologous fibrin matrix, which can be produced with a simple blood sample and a table centrifuge. The material has been used in a wide range of surgical procedures to shorten the healing period and reduce post-surgical complications