Copper(ii) complexes with n-(methybenzyl)iminodiacetamide derivatives ; The study of students' misconceptions - basics of methodology and application in teaching chemistry

Ovaj diplomski rad sastoji se od dva dijela: istraživačkog i metodičkog. Istraživački dio rada sadrži opis priprave te karakterizacije bakrovih(II) kompleksa s orto-, meta- i para-izomerima N-(metilbenzil)iminodiacetamida. Istražen je i utjecaj metilne skupine na koordinacijsku sposobnost liganada te svojstva njihovih kompleksa s bakrovim(II) ionima. Priređena su tri nova bakrova(II) kompleksa: [Cu(o-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2 · ½H2O, [Cu(m-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2, [Cu(p-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2 · 2H2O. Spojevi su identificirani kemijskom analizom i karakterizirani infracrvenom spektroskopijom i metodama termičke analize. Rentgenskom strukturnom analizom određena je kristalna struktura [Cu(m-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2. Molekula kompleksa je trans-izomer s dva O,N,O'-tridentatna iminodiacetamidna liganda koji zauzimaju fac-položaj oko središnjeg iona bakra(II). Koordinacija bakrova(II) iona je iskrivljeni oktaedar u kojem su dva kisikova atoma u aksijalnom položaju. U metodičkom dijelu rada pod naslovom Istraživanje učeničkih pogrešnih shvaćanja – osnove metodologije i primjena u nastavi kemije opisani su preduvjeti nastajanja kemijski pogrešnih shvaćanja. Načinjen je pregled kemijskih pojmova koji su teški za poučavanje i razumijevanje. Opisane su osnove metodologije istraživanja u obrazovanju. Predložen je metodički scenarij otkrivanja i uklanjanja učeničkih pogrešnih shvaćanja koncepta kemijske ravnoteže. Predloženi konceptualni zadaci i simulacije primjereni su učenicima drugog razreda gimnazije.This master of chemistry thesis consists of two parts: the research and the methodological one. In the research part of this thesis was given a description of the preparation and characterization copper(II) complexes with ortho-, meta- and para-isomers of N-(methylbenzyl)iminodiacetamide. Three new copper(II) complexes were prepared: [Cu(o-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2·½H2O, [Cu(m-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2, [Cu(p-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2·2H2O. The influence of the non-coordinating methyl group on the coordinating properties of ligands was investigated as well as properties of copper(II) complexes. The complexes were identified by chemical analysis and characterized by spectroscopic and thermal measurements. Molecular and crystal structure of complex [Cu(m-CH3C6H4CH2N(CH2CONH2)2)2](NO3)2 was determinated by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The complex is trans-isomer with two O,N,O'-tridentate iminodiacetamide ligands that forms fac-conformation around the metal center. The geometry around copper(II) ion is distorted octahedron with two oxygen atoms occupying the axial positions. The methodological part of the Thesis entitled The study of students' misconceptions - basics of methodology and application in teaching chemistry, describes preconditions for the creation of chemical misconceptions. An overview of the chemical concepts that are difficult to teach and understand is made and the basics of research methodology are described. A methodological scenario of identification and removal of students' misconceptions of the concept of chemical equilibrium has been proposed. The proposed conceptual tasks and simulations are appropriate to students of the second grade of high school

El papel de la depresión de los padres y de la autoeficacia parental en conexión con el ajuste económico y la depresión en los adolescentes

Polazeći od teorijskih postavki modela obiteljskog stresa cilj je rada bio empirijski provjeriti ostvaruje li ekonomska prilagodba obitelji svoj učinak na izraženost depresivnost kod adolescenata izravno i/ili neizravno, učincima na depresivnost roditelja i osjećaj roditeljske samoefikasnosti. U radu su analizirani podatci prikupljeni od adolescenata (N=247) koji žive u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima te obaju njihovih roditelja, a u okviru projekta "Rad roditelja, ekonomske teškoće obitelji i dobrobit roditelja i djece". Djeca su procijenila svoju depresivnost, a roditelji svoju depresivnost i roditeljsku samoefikasnost te ekonomsku prilagodbu obitelji. Kako bi se provjerilo postojanje izravnog i neizravnog učinka otežane ekonomske prilagode obitelji na izraženost depresivnosti kod adolescenata, provedene su dvije serijalne medijacijske analize (jedna na uzorku očeva i jedna na uzorku majki) u PROCESS makrou za SPPS. Rezultati tih analiza pokazali su kako otežana ekonomska prilagodba obitelji izravno i neizravno, samo preko izražene depresivnosti majke i smanjenog osjećaja roditeljske samoefikasnosti majke, pridonosi izraženijoj depresivnosti kod adolescenata. Neizravan serijalni učinak ekonomske prilagode obitelji na depresivnost adolescenata, putem depresivnosti i roditeljske samoefikasnosti oca, nije se pokazao značajnim. Nalazi rada upućuju na različite procese kojima ekonomska prilagodba obitelji djeluje na ponašanje i doživljavanje roditelja i adolescenata.Based on the theoretical assumptions of Family Stress Model, the aim of the paper was to empirically examine whether the effect of family\u27s economic adjustment on the severity of depression in adolescents is direct and/or indirect through depression of parents and parental self-efficacy. Data used in this paper were collected from adolescents (N=247) who live in twoparent families, and their parents within the project "Parents\u27 work, family economic hardship and well-being of parents and children". Children rated their depression, and parents rated their depression and parental self-efficacy as well as an economic adjustment that family had to make. To examine the existence of a direct and indirect effect of family\u27s economic adjustment on depression in adolescents, two serial mediation analyses (one on the sample of fathers and one on the sample of mothers) were performed using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results of these analyses showed that difficult family\u27s economic adjustment contributes to higher depression in adolescents directly and indirectly, through mothers\u27 depression and low maternal self-efficacy. The indirect serial effect of family\u27s economic adjustment on depression of adolescents through fathers\u27 depression and parental self-efficacy, was not significant. The findings point to different processes by which economic adjustment affects parents and adolescents.Partiendo de las suposiciones teóricas del modelo de estrés familiar, el objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar empíricamente si el ajuste económico de la familia surte su efecto sobre el grado de la depresión directa y/o indirectamente a través del efecto sobre la depresión de los padres y el sentimiento de la autoeficacia parental. En el trabajo se analizan datos obtenidos de los adolescentes (N=247) que viven en las familias biparentales y de ambos padres en el marco del proyecto "Trabajo de los padres, dificultades económicas en familia y el bienestar de padres e hijos". Los hijos evaluaron su depresión, mientras que los padres evaluaron tanto su depresión y autoeficacia parental, como su ajuste económico. Para verificar si el ajuste económico dificultoso surte efecto directo e indirecto en el grado de depresión, se llevaron a cabo dos análisis seriales de mediación (uno en la muestra de los padres y otro en la muestra de las madres) a través de la macro PROCES para SPSS. Los resultados de estos análisis demostraron que el ajuste económico dificultoso influye directa e indirectamente en la depresión en los adolescentes, pero sólo a través de la depresión más grave de la madre y su sentimiento reducido de la autoeficacia parental. No parece ser significativo el efecto serial indirecto del ajuste económico de la familia sobre la depresión en los adolescentes a través de la depresión y la autoeficacia parental del padre. Los hallazgos del trabajo indican varios procesos a través de los cuales el ajuste económico de la familia influye en la conducta y las reacciones de los padres y los adolescentes

Scenarios for Improving Business of a Beekeeping Farm – Case Study

Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi mogućnosti unapređenja poslovanja odabranog pčelarskog gospodarstva kojemu su na raspolaganju četiri scenarija: 1. Seleći način pčelarenja, 2. Proširenje palete proizvoda, 3. Prodaja proizvoda na tržnicama i otvorenim prostorima te 4. Izvoz meda na inozemno tržište. Najisplativijim scenarijima pokazali su se proširenje palete proizvoda i izvoz meda na inozemno tržište, ali moguća je i kombinacija predloženih scenarija.The aim of this paper is to detect possibilities for improving business of the selected beekeeping farm which has four scenarios available: 1. migratory beekeeping; 2. increasing the range of products; 3. selling at market places and open-air shops; and 4. export of honey. Increased range of products and export to a foreign market proved to be the most profitable scenarios, but scenarios can be combined as well

Uloga depresivnosti roditelja i roditeljske samoefikasnosti u povezanosti ekonomske prilagodbe i depresivnosti adolescenata

Polazeći od teorijskih postavki modela obiteljskog stresa cilj je rada bio empirijski provjeriti ostvaruje li ekonomska prilagodba obitelji svoj učinak na izraženost depresivnost kod adolescenata izravno i/ili neizravno, učincima na depresivnost roditelja i osjećaj roditeljske samoefikasnosti. U radu su analizirani podatci prikupljeni od adolescenata (N=247) koji žive u dvoroditeljskim obiteljima te obaju njihovih roditelja, a u okviru projekta "Rad roditelja, ekonomske teškoće obitelji i dobrobit roditelja i djece". Djeca su procijenila svoju depresivnost, a roditelji svoju depresivnost i roditeljsku samoefikasnost te ekonomsku prilagodbu obitelji. Kako bi se provjerilo postojanje izravnog i neizravnog učinka otežane ekonomske prilagode obitelji na izraženost depresivnosti kod adolescenata, provedene su dvije serijalne medijacijske analize (jedna na uzorku očeva i jedna na uzorku majki) u PROCESS makrou za SPPS. Rezultati tih analiza pokazali su kako otežana ekonomska prilagodba obitelji izravno i neizravno, samo preko izražene depresivnosti majke i smanjenog osjećaja roditeljske samoefikasnosti majke, pridonosi izraženijoj depresivnosti kod adolescenata. Neizravan serijalni učinak ekonomske prilagode obitelji na depresivnost adolescenata, putem depresivnosti i roditeljske samoefikasnosti oca, nije se pokazao značajnim. Nalazi rada upućuju na različite procese kojima ekonomska prilagodba obitelji djeluje na ponašanje i doživljavanje roditelja i adolescenata

Quadricuspid aortic valve and right ventricular type of myocardial bridging in an asymptomatic middle-aged woman: A case report

Background: Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a very rare congenital cardiac defect with the incidence of 0.0125%-0.033% (< 0.05%) predominantly causing aortic regurgitation. A certain number of patients (nearly one-half) have abnormal function and often require surgery, commonly in their fifth or sixth decade. QAV usually appears as an isolated anomaly but may also be associated with other cardiac congenital defects. Echocardiography is considered the main diagnostic method although more and more importance is given to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as complementary methods. ----- Case summary: A 60-year-old female patient was referred for transthoracic ultrasound of the heart as part of a routine examination in the treatment of arterial hypertension. She did not have any significant symptoms. QAV was confirmed and there were no elements of valve stenosis with moderate aortic regurgitation. At first, it seemed that in the projection of the presumed left coronary cusp, there were two smaller and equally large cusps along with two larger and normally developed cusps. Cardiac CT imaging was performed to obtain an even more precise valve morphology and it showed that the location of the supernumerary cusp is between the right and left coronary cusp, with visible central malcoaptation of the cusps. Also, coronary computed angiography confirmed the right-type of myocardial bridging at the distal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Significant valve dysfunction often occurs in middle-aged patients and results in surgical treatment, therefore, a 1-year transthoracic echocardiogram control examination and follow-up was recommended to our patient. ----- Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of diagnosing QAV since it leads to progressive valve dysfunction and can be associated with other congenital heart defects which is important to detect, emphasizing the role of cardiac CT and MRI

Quadricuspid aortic valve and right ventricular type of myocardial bridging in an asymptomatic middle-aged woman: A case report

Background: Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a very rare congenital cardiac defect with the incidence of 0.0125%-0.033% (< 0.05%) predominantly causing aortic regurgitation. A certain number of patients (nearly one-half) have abnormal function and often require surgery, commonly in their fifth or sixth decade. QAV usually appears as an isolated anomaly but may also be associated with other cardiac congenital defects. Echocardiography is considered the main diagnostic method although more and more importance is given to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as complementary methods. ----- Case summary: A 60-year-old female patient was referred for transthoracic ultrasound of the heart as part of a routine examination in the treatment of arterial hypertension. She did not have any significant symptoms. QAV was confirmed and there were no elements of valve stenosis with moderate aortic regurgitation. At first, it seemed that in the projection of the presumed left coronary cusp, there were two smaller and equally large cusps along with two larger and normally developed cusps. Cardiac CT imaging was performed to obtain an even more precise valve morphology and it showed that the location of the supernumerary cusp is between the right and left coronary cusp, with visible central malcoaptation of the cusps. Also, coronary computed angiography confirmed the right-type of myocardial bridging at the distal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Significant valve dysfunction often occurs in middle-aged patients and results in surgical treatment, therefore, a 1-year transthoracic echocardiogram control examination and follow-up was recommended to our patient. ----- Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of diagnosing QAV since it leads to progressive valve dysfunction and can be associated with other congenital heart defects which is important to detect, emphasizing the role of cardiac CT and MRI

Scenarios for Improving Business of a Beekeeping Farm – Case Study

Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi mogućnosti unapređenja poslovanja odabranog pčelarskog gospodarstva kojemu su na raspolaganju četiri scenarija: 1. Seleći način pčelarenja, 2. Proširenje palete proizvoda, 3. Prodaja proizvoda na tržnicama i otvorenim prostorima te 4. Izvoz meda na inozemno tržište. Najisplativijim scenarijima pokazali su se proširenje palete proizvoda i izvoz meda na inozemno tržište, ali moguća je i kombinacija predloženih scenarija.The aim of this paper is to detect possibilities for improving business of the selected beekeeping farm which has four scenarios available: 1. migratory beekeeping; 2. increasing the range of products; 3. selling at market places and open-air shops; and 4. export of honey. Increased range of products and export to a foreign market proved to be the most profitable scenarios, but scenarios can be combined as well

Scenarios for Improving Business of a Beekeeping Farm – Case Study

The aim of this paper is to detect possibilities for improving business of the selected beekeeping farm which has four scenarios available: 1. migratory beekeeping; 2. increasing the range of products; 3. selling at market places and open-air shops; and 4. export of honey. Increased range of products and export to a foreign market proved to be the most profitable scenarios, but scenarios can be combined as well