Variations in Rainbow Trout Immune Responses against A. salmonicida: Evidence of an Internal Seasonal Clock in Oncorhynchus mykiss

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Interleukin (IL)-2 Is a Key Regulator of T Helper 1 and T Helper 2 Cytokine Expression in Fish : Functional Characterization of Two Divergent IL2 Paralogs in Salmonids

This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, BB/N024052/1) under the Newton Fund RCUK-CONICYT Research Partnerships call. YH was supported by a PhD Studentship from the Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan). EW was supported financially by the Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University Grant Year 2018. FL was supported by a Newton International Fellowship funded by the Academy of Medical Sciences, UK (AMS, NIF004\1036). ML and QX were supported financially by the National Scholarship Council of China. This work was partially supported financially by European Commission contract No. 311993 (TargetFish).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Revisiting the teleost thymus : Current knowledge and future perspectives

Funding: This work was supported by RCUK-CONICYT MR/N02625X/1 and BB/N0240521/1, FONDECYT 1161510, FONDECYT 1201664, FONDECYT 11171057 (KM) and USA1899 VRIDEI/DICYT-USACH 021943IB-PAP. RM was financed by the Scholarship Program Becas Chile-DAAD: Doctoral scholarship with bilateral agreement abroad CONICYT-DAAD. Acknowledgments: We thank Carolina Espinoza for excellent technical assistance.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) recombinant viral protein 1 (VP1) and VP2-Flagellin fusion protein elicit distinct expression profiles of cytokines involved in type 1, type 2, and regulatory T cell response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Acknowledgments This work was funded by Project MRN02625X-1 of United Kingdom-Chile, under the Newton Fund RCUK-CONICYT Research Partnerships call. Fondecyt Project 1201664.Peer reviewedPostprin

Characterisation of rainbow trout peripheral blood leucocytes prepared by hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes, and analysis of their phagocytic activity, proliferation and response to PAMPs and proinflammatory cytokines

This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, BB/N024052/1) under the Newton Fund RCUK-CONICYT Research Partnership. YH was supported by a PhD Studentship from the Ministry of Education, Republic of China (Taiwan). PAS was supported by the Newton-Bhabha PhD placement programme (268692473) and FL was supported by a Newton International Fellowship funded by the Academy of Medical Sciences (AMS, NIF004\1036). MI was funded by Fondecyt 1161015 and KM was funded by Fondecyt 11171057.Peer reviewedPostprin

Oxidative Damage in Lymphocytes of Copper Smelter Workers Correlated to Higher Levels of Excreted Arsenic

Arsenic has been associated with multiple harmful effects at the cellular level. Indirectly these defects could be related to impairment of the integrity of the immune system, in particular in lymphoid population. To characterize the effect of Arsenic on redox status on this population, copper smelter workers and arsenic unexposed donors were recruited for this study. We analyzed urine samples and lymphocyte enriched fractions from donors to determinate arsenic levels and lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, we studied the presence of oxidative markers MDA, vitamin E and SOD activity in donor plasma. Here we demonstrated that in human beings exposed to high arsenic concentrations, lymphocyte MDA and arsenic urinary levels showed a positive correlation with SOD activity, and a negative correlation with vitamin E serum levels. Strikingly, lymphocytes from the arsenic exposed population respond to a polyclonal stimulator, phytohemaglutinin, with higher rates of thymidine incorporation than lymphocytes of a control population. As well, similar in vitro responses to arsenic were observed using a T cell line. Our results suggest that chronic human exposure to arsenic induces oxidative damage in lymphocytes and could be considered more relevant than evaluation of T cell surveillance

Vaccines for piscirickettsiosis (salmonid rickettsial septicaemia, SRS): the Chile perspective

Introduction: Piscirickettsia salmonis (P. salmonis) is the aetiological bacterium of the contagious disease piscirickettsiosis or salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS) and causes significant economic losses to aquaculture production in Chile. Current strategies to control infection are i) indiscriminate antibiotic use and ii) vaccination with predominantly P. salmonis bacterin vaccines that do not provide acceptable levels of protection against piscirickettsiosis. Areas covered: This review covers the basic biology of P. salmonis, clinical piscirickettsiosis and disease control, the development of current P. salmonis vaccines, innate and adaptive immunity and a 5-year plan to develop new piscirickettsiosis vaccines. Expert commentary: Fundamental knowledge is lacking on the complexities of P. salmonis-host interactions, relating to bacterial virulence and host innate and adaptive immune responses, which needs to be addressed. The development of new P. salmonis vaccines needs the application of comprehensive ‘omics’ technologies to identify candidate vaccine antigens capable of stimulating long-lasting protective immune responses

Vaccines for piscirickettsiosis (salmonid rickettsial septicaemia, SRS): the Chile perspective.

Introduction: Piscirickettsia salmonis (P. salmonis) is the aetiological bacterium of the contagious disease piscirickettsiosis or salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (SRS) and causes significant economic losses to aquaculture production in Chile. Current strategies to control infection are i) indiscriminate antibiotic use and ii) vaccination with predominantly P. salmonis bacterin vaccines that do not provide acceptable levels of protection against piscirickettsiosis.Areas covered: This review covers the basic biology of P. salmonis, clinical piscirickettsiosis and disease control, the development of current P. salmonis vaccines, innate and adaptive immunity and a 5-year plan to develop new piscirickettsiosis vaccines.Expert commentary: Fundamental knowledge is lacking on the complexities of P. salmonis-host interactions, relating to bacterial virulence and host innate and adaptive immune responses, which needs to be addressed. The development of new P. salmonis vaccines needs the application of comprehensive ‘omics’ technologies to identify candidate vaccine antigens capable of stimulating long-lasting protective immune responses