Efectividad de la intervención MOVI-KIDS

El contenido de este libro se basa en compartir con la comunidad científica y profesionales de la educación y de la salud, los juegos llevados a cabo en el programa MOVI-KIDS (tipo de juegos, metodología utilizada, materiales, etc.), así como las fichas de las sesiones, de tal forma que pueda ser de utilidad para cualquier profesional interesado en llevar a cabo intervenciones de actividad física tanto en el ámbito educativo como recreativo

Antitumoral Action of Resveratrol Through Adenosinergic Signaling in C6 Glioma Cells

Gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary tumors in the central nervous system. The nucleoside adenosine is considered to be one major constituent within the tumor microenvironment. The adenosine level mainly depends on two enzymatic activities: 5′-nucleotidase (5′NT or CD73) that synthesizes adenosine from AMP, and adenosine deaminase (ADA) that converts adenosine into inosine. Adenosine activates specific G-protein coupled receptors named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol present in grapes, peanuts, and berries, shows several healthy effects, including protection against cardiovascular, endocrine, and neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of resveratrol actions are not well known. Recently, we demonstrated that resveratrol acts as an agonist for adenosine receptors in rat C6 glioma cells. The present work aimed to investigate the involvement of adenosine metabolism and adenosine receptors in the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumoral action of resveratrol. Results presented herein show that resveratrol was able to decrease cell numbers and viability and to reduce CD73 and ADA activities, leading to the increase of extracellular adenosine levels. Some resveratrol effects were reduced by the blockade of A1 or A3 receptors by DPCPX or MRS1220, respectively. These results suggest that reduced CD73 activity located in the plasma membrane in addition to a fine-tuned modulatory role of adenosine receptors could be involved, at least in part, in the antiproliferative action of resveratrol in C6 glioma cells

Adenosine Metabolism in the Cerebral Cortex from Several Mice Models during Aging

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that has been involved in aging and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present work, we analyzed the possible modulation of purine metabolites, 5’nucleotidase (50NT) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its phosphorylated form during aging in the cerebral cortex. Three murine models were used: senescence-accelerated mouse-resistant 1 (SAMR1, normal senescence), senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8, a model of AD), and the wild-type C57BL/6J (model of aging) mice strains. Glutamate and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) levels were also measured in these animals. HPLC, Western blotting, and enzymatic activity evaluation were performed to this aim. 50 -Nucleotidase (50NT) activity was decreased at six months and recovered at 12 months in SAMP8 while opposite effects were observed in SAMR1 at the same age, and no changes in C57BL/6J mice. ADA activity significantly decreased from 3 to 12 months in the SAMR1 mice strain, while a significant decrease from 6 to 12 months was observed in the SAMP8 mice strain. Regarding purine metabolites, xanthine and guanosine levels were increased at six months in SAMR1 without significant differences in SAMP8 mice. In C57BL/6J mice, inosine and xanthine were increased, while adenosine decreased, from 4 to 24 months. The AMPK level was decreased at six months in SAMP8 without significant changes nor in SAMR1 or C57BL/6J strains. Glutamate and EAAT2 levels were also modulated during aging. Our data show a different modulation of adenosine metabolism participants in the cerebral cortex of these animal models. Interestingly, the main differences between SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice were found at six months of age, SAMP8 being the most affected strain. As SAMP8 is an AD model, results suggest that adenosinergic metabolism is involved in the neurodegeneration of AD

MOVI-da 10! Un programa de descansos activos para mejorar la salud y favorecer los aprendizajes en Educación Infantil

En la primera parte de este libro, se describen los antecedentes y el estado actual del tema de estudio a través de un breve resumen sobre: obesidad y sedentarismo como uno de los principales problemas de salud pública actuales; la relación entre AF, obesidad y rendimiento académico o cognitivo; así como, los últimos hallazgos relacionados con la AF integrada en el aula, destinada a mejorar la salud y el rendimiento cognitivo en la infancia. Además, en esta primera parte también se detallan los objetivos y la metodología utilizada en el estudio MOVI-da 10!. En la segunda parte, se especifican las características del programa MOVI-da 10!, y se detallan de forma reproducible 100 de las diferentes actividades utilizadas en el programa, de tal forma que puedan ser de utilidad para cualquier profesional interesado en llevar a cabo intervenciones de AF a través de descansos activos dentro del aul

Movida Fit! Un programa extraescolar de actividad física basada en la metodología HIIT para prevenir la obesidad y mejorar la forma física y el rendimiento académico

Son muchos los estudios que han puesto de manifiesto los numerosos beneficios que la actividad física tiene sobre la salud física, psíquica y social en la infancia. Sin embargo, los niveles de inactividad física y sedentarismo en niños y niñas han aumentado significativamente en los últimos años, conduciendo a un aumento de la obesidad infantil y de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Con el objetivo de prevenir este problema de salud pública surgen los programas de promoción de actividad física en el entorno escolar MOVI. La última edición que el grupo del Centro de Estudios Sociosanitarios ha llevado a cabo analiza la efectividad de un programa de actividad física extraescolar (MOVI-da FIT!) basada en el entrenamiento a intervalos de alta intensidad (high intensity interval training -HIIT- por sus siglas en inglés) para mejorar la función ejecutiva, el rendimiento académico, la forma física y reducir la adiposidad y el riesgo cardiometabólico de los escolares. El presente libro va dirigido a profesionales de la educación, de la salud y de las ciencias de la actividad física y del deporte interesados en desarrollar y llevar a cabo intervenciones de actividad física destinadas a la prevención de la obesidad, la mejora de la forma física, el rendimiento cognitivo y académico de los escolares. En la primera parte, se describen los antecedentes y el estado actual del conocimiento que justifica este estudio. Además, se detallan los objetivos y la metodología utilizada en el mismo. En la segunda parte, se especifican las características del programa MOVI-da FIT!, y se detallan 50 de las sesiones utilizadas en el programa de forma reproducible, de tal forma que puedan ser de utilidad para cualquier profesional interesado en llevar a cabo intervenciones extraescolares de AF recreativa no competitiva

Effect of Exercise Programs on Symptoms of Fibromyalgia in Peri-Menopausal Age Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives: The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to summarize evidence regarding the effect of physical exercise programs on fibromyalgia syndrome symptoms in peri-menopausal age women, and the characteristics of these programs. Findings: Nineteen randomized controlled trials [N¼1077 women] satisfied the inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of papers was assessed using the PEDro scores. Data on the study, subject, and exercise program characteristics as well as assessment of changes in depression, fatigue, global well-being [overall feeling of well-being and health-related quality of life], pain, sleep, and stiffness were extracted. The studies were grouped according to the intervention program: land interventions [aerobic, combined [aerobic endurance, strength, and flexibility], vibrations, and alternative programs], and aquatic interventions. Nineteen studies were selected for systematic review, but clinical heterogeneity limited the meta-analysis to two aerobic, three combined, two alternative, and five aquatic studies. Conclusions: In general, exercise programs have a positive effect on the symptoms of fibromyalgia in women in perimenopausal age. The meta-analysis indicates that programs based on combined exercise and aquatic exercises have, respectively, a moderate [d¼ 0.63; I2¼0%] and small effect [d¼ 0.41; I2¼30%] on functional global well-being [assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire total score]. Short-term interventions [12 weeks], including two to three sessions lasting 30–60 min each per week seem to improve symptoms in peri-menopausal age women with fibromyalgia, although high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these results

Guía para profesores

La metodología basada en la actividad física integrada dentro del currículum se caracteriza por incluir periodos cortos (5-10 minutos) dentro del aula (p.ej., andar, correr o saltar) mientras se aprenden o repasan contenidos académicos de diferentes áreas curriculares (matemáticas, lengua, inglés o ciencias de la naturaleza). Por ejemplo, los niños pueden saltar encima de letras pintadas en el suelo para deletrear una palabra, contar o hacer operaciones matemáticas sencillas a la vez que saltan con una cuerda imaginaria, andar o correr dibujando diferentes trayectorias para representar figuras geométricas (ej.: triángulo, cuadrado), etc. Bajo esta filosofía nace el programa TAKE10! (www.take10.net) que fue desarrollado en 1999 por la Fundación para la Investigación ILSI. Esta metodología ha demostrado un efecto positivo tanto en términos de salud como académicos. Específicamente, ha mostrado ser efectiva para aumentar los niveles de AF moderada-vigorosa, disminuir el tiempo de sedentarismo, controlar el peso corporal, mejorar la forma física, reducir las conductas disruptivas haciendo que los escolares estén más atentos en las tareas, aumentar la diversión en el aula y mejorar la función cognitiva y el rendimiento académico

Adenosine and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Are Present in Blood Serum and Exosomes from SAMP8 Mice: Modulation by Aging and Resveratrol

Adenosine (ARs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are modulated in the brain of SAMP8 mice, an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present work, it is shown the presence of ARs and mGluRs in blood serum and derived exosomes from SAMP8 mice as well as its possible modulation by aging and resveratrol (RSV) consumption. In blood serum, adenosine A1 and A2A receptors remained unaltered from 5 to 7 months of age. However, an age-related decrease in adenosine level was observed, while 5′-Nucleotidase activity was not modulated. Regarding the glutamatergic system, it was observed a decrease in mGluR5 density and glutamate levels in older mice. In addition, dietary RSV supplementation caused an age-dependent modulation in both adenosinergic and glutamatergic systems. These GPCRs were also found in blood serum-derived exosomes, which might suggest that these receptors could be released into circulation via exosomes. Interestingly, changes elicited by age and RSV supplementation on mGluR5 density, and adenosine and glutamate levels were similar to that detected in whole-brain. Therefore, we might suggest that the quantification of these receptors, and their corresponding endogenous ligands, in blood serum could have predictive value for early diagnosis in combination with other distinctive hallmarks of AD

Self-reported and measured cardiorespiratory fitness similarly predict cardiovascular disease risk in young adults

We aimed to (a) examine the validity and reliability of the International FItness Scale (IFIS) in Spanish young adults and (b) compare the capacity of self-reported vs measured fitness to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The study comprised 276 participants (18–30 years). Fitness level (overall and specific components) was both self-reported (IFIS) and measured using standard fitness tests. Total and trunk fat was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We computed a previously validated metabolic syndrome score. A separate sample of 181 of same age and characteristics fulfilled IFIS twice for reliability purposes. The results of the present study support the validity and reliability of self-reported fitness, as measured by IFIS, in Spanish young adults. Our data also suggest that not only measured cardiorespiratory fitness but also self-reported cardiorespiratory fitness predicts CVD risk, as assessed by adiposity and metabolic syndrome indicators. The associations for muscular fitness (both reported and measured) differed depending on how it was expressed (i.e., absolute vs relative terms). Self-reported fitness, as assessed by IFIS, can be a good alternative when physical fitness cannot be measured in large surveys.Nuestro objetivo fue (a) examinar la validez y confiabilidad de la Escala Internacional de Fitness (IFIS) en adultos jóvenes españoles y (b) comparar la capacidad del fitness autoinformado frente al medido para predecir el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). El estudio comprendió a 276 participantes (18-30 años). El nivel de condición física (componentes generales y específicos) fue autoinformado (IFIS) y medido mediante pruebas de condición física estándar. La grasa total y del tronco se evaluó mediante absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual. Calculamos una puntuación de síndrome metabólico previamente validada. Una muestra separada de 181 de la misma edad y características cumplió IFIS dos veces para propósitos de confiabilidad. Los resultados del presente estudio respaldan la validez y la fiabilidad del estado físico autoinformado, medido por IFIS, en adultos jóvenes españoles. Nuestros datos también sugieren que no solo la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria medida sino también la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria autoinformada predicen el riesgo de ECV, según lo evaluado por los indicadores de adiposidad y síndrome metabólico. Las asociaciones para la condición física muscular (tanto informadas como medidas) diferían dependiendo de cómo se expresara (es decir, términos absolutos versus relativos). El estado físico autoinformado, según lo evaluado por IFIS, puede ser una buena alternativa cuando el estado físico no se puede medir en encuestas grandes

Sex differences on the relation among gross motor competence, cognition, and academic achievement in children

An association between gross motor competence (GMC) and academic achievement (AA) has been described, but the potential mechanisms behind this association are still unknown. It is not known either whether these mechanisms are similar for boys and girls. The aim of this study was to analyse whether the association between GMC and AA is mediated by executive functions (EFs), and to investigate whether this mediation differs by sex. This cross-sectional study involved 451 children aged 8 to 10 (234 girls; mean age 9.95 ± 0.59). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2), NIH Toolbox, and grades in language and mathematics were used to test GMC, EFs, and AA, respectively. Multifactorial structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate a possible relation between variables, controlling for confounders. The differences by sex were examined using a multi-group SEM approach. The results showed that EFs acted as a full mediator of the relationship between GMC and AA in boys (β = 0.14, p = 0.012) but not in girls (β = 0.10, p = 0.326). These results show that the benefit of GMC on AA is mediated by EFs in boys but not in girls. Nevertheless, these conclusions should be carefully considered due to the cross-sectional nature of the studySe ha descrito una asociación entre la competencia motora gruesa (GMC) y el rendimiento académico (AA), pero aún se desconocen los posibles mecanismos detrás de esta asociación. Tampoco se sabe si estos mecanismos son similares para niños y niñas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si la asociación entre GMC y AA está mediada por funciones ejecutivas (FE), e investigar si esta mediación difiere según el sexo. Este estudio transversal involucró a 451 niños de 8 a 10 años (234 niñas; edad media 9,95 ± 0,59). La batería de evaluación de movimiento para niños, segunda edición (MABC-2), NIH Toolbox y las calificaciones en lenguaje y matemáticas se utilizaron para evaluar GMC, EF y AA, respectivamente. Se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales multifactoriales (SEM) para evaluar una posible relación entre las variables, controlando los factores de confusión. Las diferencias por sexo se examinaron utilizando un enfoque SEM multigrupo. Los resultados mostraron que los EF actuaron como un mediador completo de la relación entre GMC y AA en niños (β  = 0,14, p  = 0,012) pero no en niñas ( β  = 0,10, p  = 0,326). Estos resultados muestran que el beneficio de GMC en AA está mediado por EF en niños pero no en niñas. Sin embargo, estas conclusiones deben ser consideradas cuidadosamente debido a la naturaleza transversal del estudio