A proposal for multiple reuse of urban wastewater

Abstract The present paper describes a proposal of multiple reuse of wastewater for the town of Camigliatello Silano, in the province of Cosenza, Italy. Camigliatello Silano is a locality devoted to agriculture and to both winter and summer tourism. There are several issues related to the management of water resources of the locality, including the lack of regularization of the discharge of urban wastewater with Italian and European regulations, poor availability of the resource for the irrigation sector, and necessary improvements in winter tourism. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a possible solution for the management of the water resources of the locality, through the reuse of wastewater. The proposed solution provides the reuse for agricultural purposes during the irrigation period and an innovative reuse for the production of artificial snow in the winter season. The reuse for irrigation allows the increase of water resources in agriculture, while the reuse for the production of artificial snow allows a longer skiing period. The proposed solution also solves the problem of regularization of wastewater discharge with positive effects on the environment and water resources

Local indices within a mathematical framework for urban water distribution systems

In this paper, a set of local energetic indices for an urban water distribution system is proposed, together with a mathematical organization of the matter which is also able to incorporate many of the well known (global) indicators. In fact, arranged such incoming indices in vectors and drawing on some notions of linear algebra and vector calculus, they are placed at the starting point of a mathematical framework that seems never used before for engineering-hydraulic purposes. It is then told how such a study and local treatment of a water network can be very useful, accurate and rich in information, and can be considered as a natural and simple theoretical development of a common global vision generally pursued so far: in particular, it is shown how it is possible to recover from the drawn layout, through suitable formulas, some of the most known and mainly used energetic parameters in a very clear and effective way

On the topological convergence of multi-rule sequences of sets and fractal patterns

AbstractIn many cases occurring in the real world and studied in science and engineering, non-homogeneous fractal forms often emerge with striking characteristics of cyclicity or periodicity. The authors, for example, have repeatedly traced these characteristics in hydrological basins, hydraulic networks, water demand, and various datasets. But, unfortunately, today we do not yet have well-developed and at the same time simple-to-use mathematical models that allow, above all scientists and engineers, to interpret these phenomena. An interesting idea was firstly proposed by Sergeyev in 2007 under the name of "blinking fractals." In this paper we investigate from a pure geometric point of view the fractal properties, with their computational aspects, of two main examples generated by a system of multiple rules and which are enlightening for the theme. Strengthened by them, we then propose an address for an easy formalization of the concept of blinking fractal and we discuss some possible applications and future work

Sustainability criteria for the selection of water supply pipeline

The evolution of the materials used for drinking water pipelines has often introduced substantial innovations in the market, both in terms of improved static and hydraulic performance and cost. Over time, technical and cost-effective assessments to pipelines selection, related to the materials used, have been accompanied by environmental assessments in relation to the environmental impact of construction and management of drinking water system. The recent legislative and technical regulations have made the environmental cost assessment more complex, which is related to the life cycle of materials and infrastructures. This paper proposes an index, In Situ Sustainability Index (ISSI), which can be used for the pipelines materials choice for drinking water systems and which takes into account both technical and environmental aspects. This index considers the interaction between piping and laying soil, through the In Situ Elasticity Coefficient and the impacts of materials used for water system piping through Life Cycle Assessment. The ISSI index is a practical tool because it makes a simultaneous consideration of two essential aspects in the design (technical and environmental evaluations) through a rapid-use analytical structure

In honor of Masami Ito

AbstractFibonacci numbers are the basis of a new geometric construction that leads to the definition of a family $$\{C_n:n\in \mathbb {N}\}$$ { C n : n ∈ N } of octagons that come very close to the regular octagon. Such octagons, in some previous articles, have been given the name of Carboncettus octagons for historical reasons. Going further, in this paper we want to introduce and investigate some algebraic constructs that arise from the family $$\{C_n:n\in \mathbb {N}\}$$ { C n : n ∈ N } and therefore from Fibonacci numbers: From each Carboncettus octagon $$C_n$$ C n , it is possible to obtain an infinite (right) word $$W_n$$ W n on the binary alphabet $$\{0,1\}$$ { 0 , 1 } , which we will call the nth Carboncettus word. The main theorem shows that all the Carboncettus words thus defined are Sturmian words except in the case $$n=5$$ n = 5 . The fifth Carboncettus word $$W_5$$ W 5 is in fact the only word of the family to be purely periodic: It has period 17 and periodic factor 000 100 100 010 010 01. Finally, we also define a further word $$W_{\infty }$$ W ∞ named the Carboncettus limit word and, as second main result, we prove that the limit of the sequence of Carboncettus words is $$W_{\infty }$$ W ∞ itself

(Abstract)

Book of Abstracts of the 3rd International Conference and Summer School "Numerical Computations: Theory and Algorithms NUMTA-2019"http://si.dimes.unical.it/~yaro/numta2019/pdf/Book_NUMTA2019.pdfVery recently in CaMa, a new set of local indices has been proposed for an urban water distribution network together with a useful mathematical framework that organizes and provides the tools to treat the complex of these local parameters varying from node to node. In this talk, the applicability of such indices to various models of both abstract and real hydraulic networks will be explored through direct numerical computations and hydraulic simulations. Furthermore, starting from explicit data sets for these local parameters and using the tools offered by the mentioned mathematical setting, some well known and very frequently used global energetic indicators will be calculated in a new way and through new formulas (for example, measures of resilience, pressure, deficiency, etc.). Finally, since the tools and the framework proposed in CaMa have the important advantage of favoring in many cases a more in-depth structural analysis of global indices, new interpretations and new implications will be briefly discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trends in metering potable water

Abstract Sustainable management of drinking water distribution systems requires information on the operating status of system components to identify the best operational management measures. The ability to acquire information on tank levels, pipeline flow and real-time pressure offers an efficient and cost-effective management perspective, and enables wider monitoring, which can improve (physical) security as well. The technology of measuring instruments for hydrodynamic variables, used to monitor potable water systems, differs in their independence from electronic data acquisition components and ability to connect to remote data communication systems. Advanced water measurement infrastructure is characterized by the ability to capture data with measurable errors from anywhere in the system, without restrictions on communication type. This paper deals with the measurement of hydrodynamic parameters and a proposal for water meter classification. It includes analysis of the main water meter and data tele-acquisition infrastructure. Several selection criteria are evaluated with respect to their ability to support mathematical hydraulic models and expert systems for water distribution system management

Safety of Rotavirus Vaccination in Preterm Infants Admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Sicily, Italy: A Multicenter Observational Study

Rotavirus (RV) is among the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in children under five years of age. Despite the severity of rotavirus pathology in early childhood, rotavirus vaccination for children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), who are often born preterm and with various previous illnesses, is not performed. This multicenter, 3-year project aims to evaluate the safety of RV vaccine administration within the six main neonatal intensive care units of the Sicilian Region to preterm infants. Methods: Monovalent live attenuated anti-RV vaccination (RV1) was administered from April 2018 to December 2019 to preterm infants with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks. Vaccine administrations were performed in both inpatient and outpatient hospital settings as a post discharge follow-up (NICU setting) starting at 6 weeks of age according to the official immunization schedule. Any adverse events (expected, unexpected, and serious) were monitored from vaccine administration up to 14 days (first assessment) and 28 days (second assessment) after each of the two scheduled vaccine doses. Results: At the end of December 2019, 449 preterm infants were vaccinated with both doses of rotavirus vaccine within the six participating Sicilian NICUs. Mean gestational age in weeks was 33.1 (±3.8 SD) and the first dose of RV vaccine was administered at 55 days (±12.9 SD) on average. The mean weight at the first dose was 3388 (SD ± 903) grams. Only 0.6% and 0.2% of infants reported abdominal colic and fever above 38.5 ◦C in the 14 days after the first dose, respectively. Overall, 1.9% EAEs were observed at 14 days and 0.4% at 28 days after the first/second dose administration. Conclusions: Data obtained from this study confirm the safety of the monovalent rotavirus vaccine even in preterm infants with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks, presenting an opportunity to improve the vaccination offer both in Sicily and in Italy by protecting the most fragile infants who are more at risk of contracting severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and nosocomial RV infection