Eisosomes are dynamic plasma membrane domains showing Pil1-Lsp1 heteroligomer binding equilibrium

Eisosomes are plasma membrane domains concentrating lipids, transporters, and signaling molecules. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these domains are structured by scaffolds composed mainly by two cytoplasmic proteins Pil1 and Lsp1. Eisosomes are immobile domains, have relatively uniform size, and encompass thousands of units of the core proteins Pil1 and Lsp1. In this work we used fluorescence fluctuation analytical methods to determine the dynamics of eisosome core proteins at different subcellular locations. Using a combination of scanning techniques with autocorrelation analysis, we show that Pil1 and Lsp1 cytoplasmic pools freely diffuse whereas an eisosome-associated fraction of these proteins exhibits slow dynamics that fit with a binding-unbinding equilibrium. Number and brightness analysis shows that the eisosome-associated fraction is oligomeric, while cytoplasmic pools have lower aggregation states. Fluorescence lifetime imaging results indicate that Pil1 and Lsp1 directly interact in the cytoplasm and within the eisosomes. These results support a model where Pil1-Lsp1 heterodimers are the minimal eisosomes building blocks. Moreover, individual-eisosome fluorescence fluctuation analysis shows that eisosomes in the same cell are not equal domains: while roughly half of them are mostly static, the other half is actively exchanging core protein subunits.Fil: Olivera Couto, Agustina. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Salzman, Valentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Mailhos, Milagros. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; UruguayFil: Digman, Michelle A.. University of California at Irvine; Estados Unidos. University of New England; AustraliaFil: Gratton, Enrico. University of California at Irvine; Estados UnidosFil: Aguilar, Pablo Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina. Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo; Urugua

High intrasexual competition is related to inflated height reports in male junior soccer players

Intrasexual competition refers to the rivalry between same-sex individuals over access to potential mates. Because in many animal species larger males are more likely to defeat smaller opponents over access to potential mates and additional resources, it has been suggested that intrasexual competition was a major driver in the emergence of male-biased sexual size dimorphism. In the same vein, human male height has been related to aggressive behavior, status and dominance. Given the value of body size in agonistic interactions, body inflation strategies are likely to have evolved in many animal species. In this study, we explored the relationship of the bias in reporting one's own height-a phenomenon reminiscent of animal self-inflation mechanisms-with intrasexual competition, and sociable and aggressive dominance, in the highly competitive context of Uruguayan pre-professional soccer. We also considered the bias in reporting additional operationalizations of body size, i.e., weight, and body mass index (BMI). We showed that intrasexual competition is positively correlated with height over-report. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to relate intrasexual competition and the bias in reporting one's own height, a putative indicator or power and status. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Developing civic competences: a treasure hunt throughout the curriculum

In this article, we will show how the development of the civic competences called forth by European Citizenship, can be achieved at school through all the various subject-matters of the curriculum and does not belong exclusively to ‘civic education’. Because subject-matters are not identified in the same way across the Member States, we have chosen to regroup them under generic headings: ‘scientific’, ‘linguistic and cultural’, ‘artistic’ and ‘conceptual’. This paper is not an attempt at showing that some sections of the curriculum are better adapted than others to the development of an autonomous critical mind; it is a rambling quest across the curriculum to bring to light the wonderful opportunities for opening the minds of our students and for honing their judgement, whatever subject we may teach.Dans cet article, nous allons montrer comment le développement, à l’école, des compétences civiques nécessaires à l’épanouissement d’une citoyenneté européenne n’est pas le domaine exclusif d’une discipline, comme par exemple l’éducation civique, mais peut être réalisé dans n’importe quel champ disciplinaire. Dans les pays européens, les disciplines scolaires sont souvent définies différemment. C’est pourquoi, par souci de lisibilité transeuropéenne, nous avons choisi de regrouper nos réflexions autour de 4 grands domaines disciplinaires : approches scientifique, linguistique et culturelle, artistique et conceptuelle. Nous n’avons nullement l’intention de montrer que certains domaines disciplinaires sont plus efficaces que d’autres quand il s’agit de développer une pensée autonome et critique ; nous voulons tout simplement effectuer un parcours parmi les savoirs scolaires pour mettre en lumière les magnifiques opportunités pour ouvrir les esprits de nos élèves et affiner leur jugement, quelle que soit la discipline enseignée

Efecto de diferentes métodos de siembra en la implantación, producción y sobrevivencia estival de pasturas sembradas

Se evaluó el efecto de la distribución espacial determinada por el método de siembra en combinación con el tipo de mezcla para mejorar el bajo establecimiento de las pasturas sembradas en Uruguay. El período experimental fue abril 2019-mayo 2020. Se evaluaron seis tratamientos según el arreglo factorial de dos mezclas forrajeras de diferente vigor inicial y longevidad (corto plazo: Lolium multiflorum y Trifolium pratense; largo plazo: Festuca arundinacea y Lotus corniculatus), y tres métodos de siembra (líneas cruzadas; gramínea en la línea y leguminosa al voleo; misma línea). Se estudió la dinámica de implantación de cada especie contando el número de plantas que se encontraban dentro de los cuadros fijados, el número de tallos de cada planta contada, el número de hojas/tallo y la altura de la pastura. Se determinó el número de plantas/m² y el número de tallos/m². En la última fecha del período de establecimiento, se midió la relación parte aérea:raíz de los componentes de las mezclas. Se realizaron 5 pastoreos donde se midió la producción de materia seca, el forraje disponible, el remanente, la tasa de crecimiento y la composición botánica de las pasturas. En la última fecha se cuantificó la sobrevivencia estival. Ningún tratamiento logró superar los datos nacionales relacionados con el porcentaje de implantación, alcanzando 37 ± 1,4 % a los 99 DDS. Los métodos de siembra no difirieron en la producción de biomasa de las mezclas forrajeras ni en la sobrevivencia estival, estando la producción de forraje relacionada con la mezcla corta (mayor vigor inicial) y la sobrevivencia estival con la mezcla larga (mayor persistencia), indicando diferentes estrategias de utilización del ambiente a largo plazo

Soccer players awarded one or more red cards exhibit lower 2D:4D ratios

Anatomical, cognitive and behavioral sex differences are widely recognized in many species. It has been proposed that some of these differences might result from the organizing effects of prenatal sex steroids. In humans, males usually exhibit higher levels of physical aggression and prowess. In this study, we analyze the relationship between second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratiosa proxy for prenatal androgen levelsand foul play and sporting performance in a sample of junior soccer players from a professional Uruguayan soccer club. Our results show that the most aggressive players (i.e., those awarded one or more red cards) have a more masculine finger pattern (lower 2D:4D ratio), while no relationship could be found between sporting performance and 2D:4D ratios. The results are discussed in the context of previous findings. Aggr. Behav. 42:417-426, 2016. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Height, hands & handwriting:Cues to competition and dominance

Individual differences, contextual- and biological factors play a major role in human behavior. Gathering evidence from different studies, I provide further evidence for the role of well conserved physiological and behavioral mechanisms in human social interactions. I analyzed two different human mechanisms reminiscent of animal body-inflation strategies—height over-report and expanded handwritten signatures—in relation to intrasexual competition, dominance, and narcissism—which can be related to a tendency to impose one’s own interest or aims. Consistent with my hypotheses, I observed a positive correlation between intrasexual competition and inflated-height reports in a sample of male junior soccer players, but not with sociable or aggressive dominance. Similarly, signature size appeared to be positively correlated with sociable dominance and narcissism in a sample of university students, even after controlling for a number of potential confounders, i.e., sex, age, number of characters in printed name, average character size, and signature type. I found a significant association between signature size and sociable dominance, both among males and females, while narcissism was only among females significantly associated with signature size. In addition, I examined the association of prenatal testosterone levels—measured as the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D)—with actual aggressive behavior and personality traits in adult life. I observed a negative association of 2D:4D ratios—indicative of higher prenatal testosterone levels—and both the severity and frequency of aggressive behavior, as indicated by the type—i.e., none, yellow, or red cards—and number of cards per match awarded to junior soccer players. However, contrary to previous findings, a lower, i.e., more masculine, 2D:4D ratio was associated with less aggressive dominance in the same sample of junior soccer players. With these findings, I hope to have shed light on behavioral cues to competition and dominance, and on the role of prenatal testosterone in competition and aggressive behavior

De la reconnaissance à l’intégration

Les tensions entre une volonté d’ouverture internationale, convaincue du rôle formateur des stages à l’étranger, et les contraintes internes de la formation induisent différents degrés d’ouverture qui vont d’une politique de « compléments de formation » en marge du cursus, à une politique d’intégration systématique des stages dans la formation initiale. Après avoir rappelé les objectifs communs des IUFM, les auteurs présentent successivement des expériences conduites dans les IUFM de Paris et de Rennes