Aiad Eesti haiglates

Eesti Arst 2023; 102(1):48–5

Maastiku tervendavad omadused: uurimus tervendavatest aedadest metsa vaadeteni

A Thesis For applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Landscape Architecture.Around the world, there is increasing interest in research showing the impact of the physical environment on people’s health and wellbeing. This work focuses on landscape reading according to chosen theories in healing gardens, city parks and forests. We are knowledgeable about our UGSs and parks through dendrology and history. Newer approaches read landscapes through Environmental Psychology Theories (EPT): Landscape characteristics, Searles theory, main aspects of landscapes by Tyson, Attention Restoration Theory, Perceived Restorativeness Scale and Environmental Preference Matrix. Views are everywhere and through them we connect to the environment. England and the USA were chosen as study sites because of the existence and number of healing gardens. Each room was evaluated with respect to the degree of presence of the thematic landscape characteristics: “Serene”, “Wild”, “Rich in Species”, “Space”, “The Common”, “The Pleasure Garden”, “Festive” and “Culture” in healing gardens and in Tartu city parks (92sp). Tartu is well equipped with greeneries. The version of PRS used in this study is based on Hartig et al.(1997). Based on the Kaplan matrix of psychological environmental preference, pictures of 27 Estonian natural forest views were compiled out. Conclusions of the works are: 1. American healing gardens correlated with various characteristics, such as Festivity and the Pleasure garden. English healing gardens correlated to pairs of landscape characteristics, such as Rich in species and Festive, Rich in Species and Culture and Space and Common. 2. The method, which was developed on a human scale (garden scale), allows for a description and feeling of surroundings from a user point of view (healing purpose). Characters are most effective when they are strongly represented. 3. Tartu greeneries exhibit high recreational and healing potentials within the sensory dimension. 4. There are a range of preferences for different types of natural forest landscapes in Estonia. Those containing high degrees of mystery and coherence, in that order, were judged to be most preferred.Rohealad on sobiv keskkond taastumiseks, vastates inimese vaimsele tasemele. Tervendava maastiku kriteeriume mõistetakse ühtemoodi ühe kultuuriruumi piires. Uurimuses kasutatakse neid meetodeid: Searlesi teooria kommunikatiivsed elemendid maastikus (1960), maastikukarakteristikud ehk ruumiomadused (Berggre-Bärring ja Grahn, 1995), tujumõjutamise aspektid maastikul (Tyson, 1998), tähelepanu restaureerimise teooria Kaplani järgi (1989, 1995), taju restaureerimise skaala Hartigi järgi (1996) ja maastikuvaadete eelistused Kaplani maatriksi põhjal (1989). Maastiku uurimiseks Suurbritannias ja USAs valiti välja tervendavad aiad haiglate aladel olenemata aiatüübist ja esindatuse alusel andmebaasis Therapeutic Landscapes Network. Jalgteedel liikudes hinnati maastikukarakteristikute olemasolu ja tuvastati ‘selgus’, ‘metsik’, ‘pidulikkus’, ‘naudingute aed’, ‘kultuur’, ‘liigirohkus’, ‘ruum’ ja ‘ühine’. Tartus hinnati rohealasid taju restaureerimise kohandatud skaala alusel, tujumõjutamise aspektid esitati protsentides ja Searlesi teooria tulemused jah/ei vastusena. Metsamaastike hindamiseks valiti 2000 pildi seast maastikuvaadete eelistuste maatriksi abil välja 27 maastikupilti. Vastused anti Likerti statistilisel skaalal. Uuringutes (haigla aiad ja linna rohealad) kasutati Pearsoni lineaarset korrelatsiooni. Usaldusväärsust mõõdeti Cronbachi alpha järgi. Metsavaadete uuringus testiti seeria ennustatavust lineaarse regressiooni abil ning selle efektiivsust tähistati kokkuvõtlikult statistilise avaldisega R2. Inglise kultuuriruumi esindajatena korreleeruvad maastikukarakteristikud ‘ühine’ ja ‘ruum’. Ameerika kultuuriruumis prevaleerivad ‘pidulik’ ja ‘naudingute aed’. Väitekirja autor koostas meetodi, mille abil on võimalik edaspidi välja töötada näiteks haiglaaedade vajadustele vastav teekond aia roheruumides.Tartu parkides on enimlevinud maastikukarakteristik ‘ruum’, olemas on ‘selgus’, ‘naudingute aed’, ‘pidulik’ ja ‘kultuur’. Tartu rohealadel suhtleb inimene maastikuga: pooltel juhtudel leidub vee-elemente või maakive, 99% juhtudest esineb taimestikku, 64% juhtudest on näha loomi. Kõige eelistatum metsavaade on väga ühtne ja salapärane, parajalt keeruline, samas tuttav ning on tajutav loomulikuna.Publication of this thesis is supported by the Estonian University of Life Sciences and by the Doctoral School of Earth Sciences and Ecology created under the auspices of the European Social Fun

Theoretical investigations of filtration process of hydrocarbon mixtures in porous media

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.A mathematical model is developed which enables one to calculate the hydrodynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the process of filtration of hydrocarbons in the stratum. A theoretical investigation is performed of the effect of formation and destruction of a condensate plug under conditions of filtration of a binary mixture of hydrocarbons (methane–nbutane) in a one-dimensional model of gas-condensate stratum. The possibility of the existence of periodic regimes of filtration processes is shown.dc201

The new technology of complex thermal conversion of biomass

Paper presented at the 9th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Malta, 16-18 July, 2012.Torrefaction is an up to date technology of biomass thermal conversion that allows obtaining solid organic fuel with improved properties. The one of the main disadvantage of the torrefaction is necessity of volatile products utilization. Thermal conversion of volatiles info synthesis gas is the promising way to solve this problem. The results of experimental investigations of different kinds of torrefied biomass properties are presented. The quantity of gases obtained by high-temperature cracking of condensable and non-condensable volatiles formed during the torrefaction of wood, straw and peat at temperatures of 230°C, 250°C, 270°C are presented. It is shown that high-temperature conversion of the volatiles into synthesis gas is very effective method of utilization the torrefaction by-products.dc201

Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Substantiating Technologies for Carbon Materials Production from Natural Gas

The results of theoretical and experimental investigations on methane pyrolysis with infiltration through a heated porous matrix generated from various carbon materials are presented. The features of mathematical models, kinetic relationships of process are discussed. The mathematical model of process shares on external problem (a flow of particles in an external stream) and internal problem (reaction in particle porous). The heat and mass transfer for the average (over the reactor cross section) parameters, ignoring the heat transfer in gas by thermal conductivity, is described by unsteady-state one-dimensional differential equations in partial derivatives. For the mathematical description of process kinetics of methane decomposition the approach is used by which the soot formation is treated as a chain radical process. The porous media is represented by a system of large enough particles. In its turn, every macroparticle consists of finer particles, which are also composed of microparticles, etc. Calculating programs were used for modeling and efficiency analysis of technological installations for technical carbon production in a regenerative heater, filled by a ceramic nozzle and for similar purposes concerning carbon (oven soot) in autothermal torch process of partial gas oxidation by air at a surplus factor of oxidizer in relation to stoichiometry 0.4-0.5 at pressure close to atmospheric on Sosnogorsk Gas-Processing Plant. Experiment descriptions and techniques for experimental realization are given. These results are used as fundamentals for new technologies considering pyrocarbon materials production in the continuous operation reactor

Evaluation of emergency medical services located in the areas off responsibility of inter-municipal medical centers

The article presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the changes in the efficiency and quality of work of stations and emergency medical care departments (S and EMCD), located in municipalities within the area of responsibility of inter-municipal medical centers (IMMC). It is established that during the time after the organization of the IMMC in 2011 in the majority of territorial EMCD there was noted deterioration of the indicators characterizing efficiency and quality of their work It is concluded that the reason for these changes was the decrease in human resources of S and EMCD, due to the optimization of the structure of medical institutions and the transition of the EMC service to compulsory health insurance funding.В статье приведены результаты исследования по оценке изменений эффективности и качества работы станций и отделений скорой медицинской помощи (С и ОСМП), дислоцированных в муниципальных образованиях, входящих в зоны ответственности межмуниципальных медицинских центров (ММЦ). Установлено, что за время после организации ММЦ в 2011 г. в большинстве территориальных служб СМП произошло ухудшение показателей, характеризующих эффективность и качество их деятельности. Сделано заключение, что причиной этих изменений стало уменьшение кадровых ресурсов С и ОСМП, обусловленное проведенной оптимизацией структуры лечебных учреждений и переходом службы СМП на финансирование за счет средств обязательного медицинского страхования

Inter-municipal medical centers: evaluation of the effect of their activities on mortality rate from the circulatory system diseases and injuries

The article presents the results of a study assessing the impact of the activities of inter-municipal medical centers (MMC) on the mortality of the population of the Sverdlovsk region caused by myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases and injuries. It is estimated that during the time after their organization in 2011 in the region as a whole and in most municipalities included in the area of their responsibility, there was a decrease in total mortality rate and mortality in working age from these causes. With the help of mathematical methods of system analysis a set of key factors was identified, influencing the improvement of the epidemiological situation in the region, and proving a large value of IMC in this process.В статье приведены результаты исследования по оценке влияния деятельности межмуниципальных медицинских центров (ММЦ) на смертность населения Свердловской области от инфаркта миокарда, цереброваскулярных болезней и травм. Установлено, что за время после их организации в 2011 г. в регионе в целом и в большинстве муниципальных образований, входящих в зоны ответственности, произошло снижение общей смертности и смертности в трудоспособном возрасте от этих причин. С помощью математический методов системного анализа определен комплекс основных факторов, оказывающих влияния на улучшение эпидемиологической ситуации в области, показано большое значение в этом ММЦ