Additional file 1: of Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between energy intake and BMI z-score in European children

Baseline and follow-up characteristics (mean and SD) of exposure and outcome variates given by sex and age group at baseline for MVPA-subgroup. (DOCX 21 kb

Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by sex¹.

<p>Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by sex<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Associations of polyunsaturated fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after 2 years and after 6 years of follow-up estimated based on fully adjusted mixed-effects models¹.

<p>Associations of polyunsaturated fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after 2 years and after 6 years of follow-up estimated based on fully adjusted mixed-effects models<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t002fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Flow chart of the inclusion and exclusion of IDEFICS/I.Family participants.

<p>Flow chart of the inclusion and exclusion of IDEFICS/I.Family participants.</p

Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by BMI category¹.

<p>Associations of fatty acids with systolic and diastolic blood pressure z-scores at baseline, after two years and after six years of follow-up stratified by BMI category<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t003fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Baseline characteristics of the study population by blood pressure category¹ and sex.

<p>Baseline characteristics of the study population by blood pressure category<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0165981#t001fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> and sex.</p

New draft item

<div> <p>Association between the accumulation of vulnerabilities at T0 and dietary patterns at T0 and T1 (reference: healthy). Results from the multinomial linear mixed model: odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CI) are shown.</p></div

Selection of key indicators for European policy monitoring and surveillance for dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour

Background: A pan-European approach to evaluate policy impact on health behaviour requires the employment of a consensus set of established and relevant indicators. Methods: As part of the Joint Programming Initiative on a Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life, the Policy Evaluation Network PEN identified key indicators of health behaviours and their determinants. These key indicators are already, or have the potential to be, adopted by large European Union surveillance systems for the assessment of policy impact. The iterative selection process included consultations in two rounds via email prior to a 2-days expert workshop. The experts collated a list of dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour indicators for European policy monitoring in young and adult populations based on existing frameworks and literature reviews. The expert panel was composed of researchers, policy makers and representatives of major European surveillance systems and related initiatives, as well as, representatives of organisations providing monitoring data, such as the European Commission and Eurostat. Results: The process provided two lists of key indicators including 37 diet ‘policy’ indicators and 35 indicators for dietary behaviour and their ‘determinants’; as well as 32 physical activity ‘policy’ indicators and 35 indicators for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and their ‘determinants’. Conclusion: A total of 139 key indicators related to the individual, the setting and the population level, and suitable for the assessment of dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour were prioritised by policy makers and researchers with the ultimate aim to embed policy evaluation measures in existing surveillance systems across the European Union. In a next step, data sources and suitable instruments will be identified to assess these key indicators

Standardized estimates of direct and indirect effects and corresponding p-values obtained from path analyses for the associations among systolic/diastolic blood pressure z-score, BMI z-score, the FA and D5D index and the SNP rs174546.

<p>Standardized estimates of direct and indirect effects and corresponding p-values obtained from path analyses for the associations among systolic/diastolic blood pressure z-score, BMI z-score, the FA and D5D index and the SNP rs174546.</p

Theoretical models displaying the direct effects in proposed pathways through which BP (SBP or DBP, respectively) is affected by the SNP (rs174546), by fatty acids (DGLA, ARA, EPA, D5D index) as well as by BMI.

<p>Theoretical models displaying the direct effects in proposed pathways through which BP (SBP or DBP, respectively) is affected by the SNP (rs174546), by fatty acids (DGLA, ARA, EPA, D5D index) as well as by BMI.</p