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Calibration and comparison of chlorine decay models for a test water distribution system
This paper investigates the kinetics of monochloramine as disinfectant in a 1.3 km water pipe. A novel procedure for the correction of chlorine meter errors is introduced and applied. Parameter estimation using nonlinear optimisation procedures is used to identify decay coefficients for monochloramine models with a single coefficient or two coefficients as used in EPANET. Important difficulties in fitting these parameters which come about because of the model structure are highlighted. Finally, results of
decay coefficients are presented and investigated for flow, inlet chlorine concentration and temperature dependence
Effect of strain on hyperfine-induced hole-spin decoherence in quantum dots
We theoretically consider the effect of strain on the spin dynamics of a
single heavy-hole (HH) confined to a self-assembled quantum dot and interacting
with the surrounding nuclei via hyperfine interaction. Confinement and strain
hybridize the HH states, which show an exponential decay for a narrowed nuclear
spin bath. For different strain configurations within the dot, the dependence
of the spin decoherence time on external parameters is shifted and the
non-monotonic dependence of the peak is altered. Application of external strain
yields considerable shifts in the dependence of on external parameters.
We find that external strain affects mostly the effective hyperfine coupling
strength of the conduction band (CB), indicating that the CB admixture of the
hybridized HH states plays a crucial role in the sensitivity of on
strain
Real-space Hopfield diagonalization of inhomogeneous dispersive media
We introduce a real-space technique able to extend the standard Hopfield
approach commonly used in quantum polaritonics to the case of inhomogeneous
lossless materials interacting with the electromagnetic field. We derive the
creation and annihilation polaritonic operators for the system normal modes as
linear, space-dependent superpositions of the microscopic light and matter
fields, and we invert the Hopfield transformation expressing the microscopic
fields as functions of the polaritonic operators. As an example, we apply our
approach to the case of a planar interface between vacuum and a polar
dielectric, showing how we can consistently treat both propagative and surface
modes, and express their nonlinear interactions, arising from phonon
anharmonicity, as polaritonic scattering terms. We also show that our theory
can be naturally extended to the case of dissipative materials
Theoretical Investigation of Phonon Polaritons in SiC Micropillar Resonators
Of late there has been a surge of interest in localised phonon polariton
resonators which allow for sub-diffraction confinement of light in the
mid-infrared spectral region by coupling to optical phonons at the surface of
polar dielectrics. Resonators are generally etched on deep substrates which
support propagative surface phonon polariton resonances. Recent experimental
work has shown that understanding the coupling between localised and
propagative surface phonon polaritons in these systems is vital to correctly
describe the system resonances. In this paper we comprehensively investigate
resonators composed of arrays of cylindrical SiC resonators on SiC substrates.
Our bottom-up approach, starting from the resonances of single, free standing
cylinders and isolated substrates, and exploiting both numerical and analytical
techniques, allows us to develop a consistent understanding of the parameter
space of those resonators, putting on firmer ground this blossoming technology.Comment: 10 Pages, 8 Figure
Polarization singularities from unfolding an optical vortex through a birefringent crystal
Optical vortices (nodal lines and phase singularities) are the generic singularities of scalar optics but are unstable in vector optics. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the unfolding of a uniformly polarized optical vortex beam on propagation through a birefringent crystal and characterize the output field in terms of polarization singularities (C lines and points of circular polarization; L surfaces and lines of linear polarization). The field is described both in the 2-dimensional transverse plane, and in three dimensions, where the third is abstract, representing an optical path length propagated through the crystal. Many phenomena of singular optics, such as topological charge conservation and singularity reconnections, occur naturally in the description
Polarization singularities from unfolding an optical vortex through a birefringent crystal
Optical vortices (nodal lines and phase singularities) are the generic singularities of scalar optics but are unstable in vector optics. We investigate experimentally and theoretically the unfolding of a uniformly polarized optical vortex beam on propagation through a birefringent crystal and characterize the output field in terms of polarization singularities (C lines and points of circular polarization; L surfaces and lines of linear polarization). The field is described both in the 2-dimensional transverse plane, and in three dimensions, where the third is abstract, representing an optical path length propagated through the crystal. Many phenomena of singular optics, such as topological charge conservation and singularity reconnections, occur naturally in the description
Radiofrequency spectroscopy of Li p-wave molecules: towards photoemission spectroscopy of a p-wave superfluid
Understanding superfluidity with higher order partial waves is crucial for
the understanding of high- superconductivity. For the realization of a
superfluid with anisotropic order parameter, spin-polarized fermionic lithium
atoms with strong p-wave interaction are the most promising candidates to date.
We apply rf-spectroscopy techniques that do not suffer from severe final-state
effects \cite{Perali08} with the goal to perform photoemission spectroscopy on
a strongly interacting p-wave Fermi gas similar to that recently applied for
s-wave interactions \cite{Stewart08}. Radiofrequency spectra of both quasibound
p-wave molecules and free atoms in the vicinity of the p-wave Feshbach
resonance located at 159.15\,G \cite{Schunck05} are presented. The observed
relative tunings of the molecular and atomic signals in the spectra with
magnetic field confirm earlier measurements realized with direct rf-association
\cite{Fuchs08}. Furthermore, evidence of bound molecule production using
adiabatic ramps is shown. A scheme to observe anisotropic superfluid gaps, the
most direct proof of p-wave superfluidity, with 1d-optical lattices is
proposed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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