Germinação e desenvolvimento inicial in vitro de explantes de araçá-vermelho

Among the native fruit trees of the South of Brazil, the red strawberry guava (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine) of the Myrtaceae family and it is considered a native forest species of great importance in this region. The strawberry guava is usually propagated through sexual reproduction, however, few studies have been done to optimize the propagation of this native species. In addition to this problem, many studies with woody plants have shown positive results with propagation through tissue culture techniques. In this way, the objective was to verify the in vitro germination of red strawberry guava and the initial development of the explants with the use of the micropropagation technique. A completely randomized design with 3 x 2 factorial arrangement was used, with three forms of seed fractionation (without cutting, longitudinal and transverse cutting) and two conditions of light intensities (presence and absence of light), totaling six treatments with 10 replications of four seeds each. After 14 days of the experiment were evaluated oxidation (%) and sowing (cm). The seeds germination rate (%), mean root length (cm), length of the largest root (cm), length of explant and number of roots and leaves were analyzed with 240 days. It was concluded that just a single seed of Psidium cattleyanum, when being fractionated, maintains the germinative capacity and can produce more than one normal seedling, in order to have a larger number of seedlings, from a smaller number of seeds. In addition, it was verified that regardless of the fractionation or not of the red spider seeds, direct light conditions provided roots of greater length, as well as a larger number of leaves in the explants.Entre as fruteiras nativas do Sul do Brasil, destaca-se o araçazeiro vermelho (Psidium cattleyanum Sabine) da família Myrtaceae e por isso, é considerado uma espécie florestal nativa de grande importância nessa região. O araçazeiro é propagado normalmente por via sexuada, entretanto são poucos os estudos que otimizem a propagação desta espécie nativa. Aliado a isso, para contornar esta problemática, muitos estudos com espécies florestais lenhosas demonstram resultados positivos com a propagação por meio de técnicas de cultura de tecidos. Dessa forma, o objetivo foi verificar a germinação in vitro de araçazeiro vermelho, assim como, o desenvolvimento inicial dos explantes com o uso da técnica de micropropagação. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, sendo três formas de fracionamento de sementes (sem corte, longitudinal e transversal) e duas condições de intensidades luminosas (presença de luz e obscuridade), totalizando seis tratamentos com 10 repetições de quatro sementes cada. Após 14 dias da instalação do experimento, as variáveis analisadas foram: oxidação (%) e estiolamento (%) e transcorridos 240 dias, avaliou-se a taxa germinativa das sementes (%), comprimento médio de raízes (cm), da maior raiz (cm) e do explante (cm) e número de raízes e de folhas. Concluiu-se com esse estudo, que uma única semente de Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, ao ser fracionada, mantêm a capacidade germinativa e pode produzir mais de uma plântula normal, a fim de ter-se assim, uma quantidade maior de mudas, a partir de um número reduzido de sementes. Além disso, foi verificado que independentemente do fracionamento ou não das sementes de araçazeiro vermelho, condições diretas de luz proporcionaram raízes de maior comprimento, assim como, um maior número de folhas nos explantes

Temporary immersion biorreators: efficient technique for the propagation of the ‘Pircinque’ strawberry

Abstract The in vitro propagation technique via temporary immersion bioreactors is a tool that, through the culture in a liquid medium, allows an increase in the efficiency of seedling production. Several researches with the strawberry crop have shown greater efficiency of the system compared to the conventional process of micropropagation in solid medium. In this sense, the objective herein was to establish a protocol of multiplication and rooting of the ‘Pircinque’ strawberry, in temporary immersion bioreactors. Two distinct and independent studies were carried out, characterized by the multiplication and rooting stages of strawberry explants, newly introduced and registered in Brazil. Two culture media (MS and KNOP) were studied and, as a control treatment, the growth of the explants in solid culture medium was evaluated with the addition of 5 g L-1 of agar. Different immersion times of the culture medium were explored: five or eight times a day, for 15 minutes. The study was composed of the culture medium and immersion time factors, as well as the control (solid) treatment. It was verified that the use of temporary immersion bioreactors system is an efficient technique for the multiplication and rooting of explants of strawberry cv. Pircinque, when compared to the conventional method of micropropagation with the use of solid culture medium, making it possible to optimize the production of seedlings in biofactories. The MS liquid medium, in contact with explants of ‘Pircinque’ strawberry five times a day, increased the growth of the aerial part and the root system

Compatibilidade fenotípica entre cultivares de pereiras europeias eporta-enxertos de marmeleiro

A cultura da pereira (Pyrus communisL.) possui grande potencial de expansão no sul do Brasil devido às condições climáticas e de solo. A carência de informações a respeito da(s) melhor(es) combinação(ões) de cultivares 'copa de pereiras europeias' e porta-enxertos de marmeleiro em relação à compatibilidade de enxertia é um dos fatores que tem limitado o cultivo de pera no país. A utilização de porta-enxertos de marmeleiros apresentam as vantagens de redução do vigor e rápida entrada em produção, porém, quando enxertados com algumas cultivares de 'pereira europeia', pode acarretar incompatibilidade de enxertia. O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar fenotipicamente a compatibilidade morfológica entre cultivares 'copa de pereiras europeias' e porta-enxertos de marmeleiro através das variáveis de crescimento das plantas, como o incremento de diâmetro (mm) do tronco da cultivar e do porta-enxerto; diferença de diâmetro entre a cultivar e o porta-enxerto; incompatibilidade 'translocada'; incompatibilidade 'localizada'; e análise da conexão vascular no ponto de enxertia pela imersão em solução corante de Ácido Fuccínico 0,08%. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em pomares de pereiras europeias na região de Urupema, estado de Santa Catarina, durante os ciclos de cultivo 2011/12, 2012/13 e 2013/14. As combinações de cultivares de pereiras europeias e porta-enxertos avaliados foram a 'Abbè Fetel'/'Adams', 'Decana du Comice'/'Adams', 'Clapp's Favourite'/'EMA', 'Rocha'/'Adams', 'Packham´s Triumph'/'EMA' e 'Santa Maria'/'Adams'. A combinação 'Clapp´s Favourite'/'EMA' apresentou incompatibilidade do tipo 'localizada' pela descontinuidade vascular na região de união do enxerto, impedindo a passagem do corante. As combinações 'Rocha'/'Adams' e 'Abbè Fetel'/'Adams' não apresentaram incompatibilidade de enxertia. Nessas combinações, foram observadas união vascular contínua entre as cultivares e os porta-enxertos. As combinações 'Santa Maria'/'Adams', 'Decana du Comice'/'Adams' e 'Packham´s Triumph'/'EMA' apresentaram boa união na zona de enxertia pela continuidade da linha de união na casca e no lenho. A combinação 'Clapp´s Favourite'/'EMA', devido às regiões de incompatibilidade encontradas, não é uma combinação recomendada nas condições experimentais avaliadas. As combinações 'Abbè Fetel'/'Adams' e 'Rocha'/'Adams' são as mais indicadas para plantio, devido à total compatibilidade encontrada entre a cultivar e o porta-enxerto. As combinações 'Santa Maria'/'Adams', 'Decana du Comice'/'Adams' e 'Packham´s Triumph'/'EMA' podem ser recomendadas, devido à compatibilidade parcial de enxertia, sendo indicadas para alta e super densidades de plantio.</p

GRAFT COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN EUROPEAN PEAR CULTIVARS AND EAST MALLING “C” ROOTSTOCK

<div><p>ABSTRACT Graft incompatibility is one of the main factors limiting european pear production in Brazil. At present, there is no clear indication of the best combination(s) of european pear cultivars and quince rootstocks for graft compatibility. The study evaluated the graft compatibility for combinations of european Abbè Fetel, Rocha and Williams pear cultivars grafted onto the EMC quince rootstock. The experiment was performed in a commercial european pear orchard in the Urupema municipality, in State of Santa Catarina, during the 2011/12, 2012/13 and 2013/14 growing seasons. The plant growth variables comprised the section increment (mm) in the trunk diameter in the graft union region of cultivars and rootstocks; difference in the diameter of the graft for cultivars and rootstocks; “translocated” incompatibility; “located” incompatibility and the vascular connection in the graft union region, which was assessed by immersing the bases of the plants in a 0.08% succinic acid solution. There were “located” and “translocated” incompatibility between the european Williams pear cultivar and the EMC rootstock based on the vascular discontinuity in the graft union region, which prevented the translocation of succinic acid stain. Thus, the Williams/EMC combination is considered incompatible and it is not recommended for use in commercial orchards. The Rocha/EMC and Abbè Fetel/EMC are considered partially incompatible combinations and showed good development eight years after planting.</p></div

Study on the growth and spatial distribution of the root system of different european pear cultivars on quince rootstock combinations

<div><p>Abstract Information on root development is an essential tool capable of identifying, among plants of a species, the one that has the greatest capacity to potentiate growth and development characteristics in its aerial part. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of the root system throughout the soil profile of different European pear cultivars and quince rootstock combinations on medium plant density systems (2500 plants ha-1). The combinations evaluated were: Abbè Fetel/Adams, Clapp´s Favourite/EMA, Santa Maria/Adams, Rocha/Adams, Decana du Comice/Adams, Packham´s Triumph/EMA, Packham´s Triumph/Adams and Conference/ Adams. In relation to effective depth, it was observed that up to 40 cm deep, 80% of the total root length and 83% of root concentration were found for all combinations. For the effective distance, it was observed that 80% of the total root length is distributed in up to 80 cm for all combinations, except for Clapp’s Favourite/EMA, whose actual distance was 100 cm. It was observed that the average of six combinations, 86% of root growth in the horizontal distance is located up to 80 cm.</p></div

Effect of shoot topping intensity on 'Cabernet Franc' grapevine maturity in high-altitude region

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química da uva 'Cabernet Franc' submetida a diferentes intensidades de desponte. O experimento foi conduzido nas safras 2008 e 2009, e os níveis de desponte consistiram em: controle, sem desponte; e reduções da área foliar nas proporção de 15, 30 e 45% em relação à área foliar total. Observou-se efeito da intensidade de desponte na composição química da uva de 'Cabernet Franc'. A redução de 26% do dossel vegetativo por meio de desponte moderado aumentou os índices de polifenóis totais e o conteúdo de antocianinas. O desponte é uma prática que deve ser realizada com cautela, uma vez que um desponte de ramos severo, isto é, com redução superior a 26% da área foliar, pode afetar negativamente a qualidade da uva, ao reduzir o conteúdo de sólidos solúveis e diminuir o índice de polifenóis totais e o conteúdo de antocianinas da uva de 'Cabernet Franc'.The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of 'Cabernet Franc' grape subjected to different levels of shoot topping. The experiment was conducted in the 2008 and 2009 vintages, and the levels of shoot topping consisted of: control, without topping; and reductions of 15, 30, and 45% in total leaf area. The effect of shoot topping intensity on the chemical composition of the 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries was observed. A reduction of 26% in the vegetative canopy through a moderate shoot topping increased the total polyphenol index and the anthocyanin content. Shoot topping is a practice that must be carried out with caution, since severe shoot topping, i.e., a reduction greater than 26% of the leaf area, may negatively impact grape quality by reducing the content of soluble solids and decreasing the total polyphenol index and the content of anthocyanins of 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries

Effect of shoot topping intensity on 'Cabernet Franc' grapevine maturity in high-altitude region

<div><p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of 'Cabernet Franc' grape subjected to different levels of shoot topping. The experiment was conducted in the 2008 and 2009 vintages, and the levels of shoot topping consisted of: control, without topping; and reductions of 15, 30, and 45% in total leaf area. The effect of shoot topping intensity on the chemical composition of the 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries was observed. A reduction of 26% in the vegetative canopy through a moderate shoot topping increased the total polyphenol index and the anthocyanin content. Shoot topping is a practice that must be carried out with caution, since severe shoot topping, i.e., a reduction greater than 26% of the leaf area, may negatively impact grape quality by reducing the content of soluble solids and decreasing the total polyphenol index and the content of anthocyanins of 'Cabernet Franc' grape berries.</p></div