АКВАПОНІКА ЯК ІННОВАЦІЙНА ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ДЛЯ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ЕКО-ЛОГІЧНО ЧИСТИХ ПРОДУКТІВ

Global environmental, social and economic problems that arise in modern society determine the need for new and improved solutions in the field of food production and consumption and the use of water resources [6]. Food production in such conditions requires innovative technologies that go beyond traditional agricultural methods. Aquaponics is a progressive way of conducting economic activity that impresses with its high results – a modern technology that is a hybrid combination of aquaculture (technological system of artificial breeding of fish and / or aquatic animals) with hydroponics (substrate-free technological system of growing cultivated plants in the aquatic environment). As a result of such a hybrid combination, a new symbiotic system is formed, which is both an environment for the production of fishery products and fruits and vegetables.It is a sustainable system that can combine the characteristics of traditional aquaculture together with the characteristics of modern hydroponic culture. They are the two main elements used to grow aquatic animals while growing plants. Fisheries waste is generated in the production process and can accumulate in water and be used in closed systems that circulate in traditional aquaculture systems.Although the waters are rich in toxic effluents, they can be dangerous to certain animals. The key is that these drains are an important part of plant growth and development. It is necessary to control the level of concentration of these effluents.In general, aquaponics is a rather interesting and promising technology, however, it requires further study and development of sound recommendations and principles of production of products in the system, therefore, today it is not widely used in production. The introduction and further development of aquaponics are actively engaged in by scientists and specialists of the USA, a number of developed European countries (Great Britain, Germany, Denmark, etc.). Aquaponics is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for growing agricultural crops in closed soil for the countries of the Middle East and Africa, which have very arid climatic conditions along with a significant shortage of high-quality fresh water to meet the needs of the housing, communal and water management complex.Глобальні екологічні, соціальні та економічні проблеми, які виникають у сучасному суспільстві обумовлюють необхідність нових і вдосконалених рішень в області виробництва і споживання продовольства та використання водних ресурсів [6]. Виробництво продовольства в таких умовах вимагає інноваційних технологій, що виходять за рамки традиційних аграрних методів. Прогресивним способом ведення господарської діяльності, який вражає своїми високими результатами є аквапоніка – сучасна технологія, що є гібридним поєднанням аквакультури (тобто технологічної системи штучного розведення риби та/або водних тварин) з гідропонікою (безсубстратною технологічною системою вирощування культурних рослин у водному середовищі). Внаслідок такого гібридного поєднання утворюється нова симбіотична система, яка є одночасно як середовищем для отримання продукції рибництва, так і плодоовочевої продукції.Це стійка система, яка може поєднувати характеристики традиційної аквакультури разом із характеристиками сучасної гідропонної культури. Вони є двома основними елементами, які служать для вирощування водних тварин під час вирощування рослин. Відходи рибного господарства, які утворюються в процесі виробництва, можуть накопичуватися у воді та використовуватися в закритій системі.Хоча води багаті на токсичні стоки, вони можуть бути небезпечними для певних тварин. Ключовим є те, що ці стоки є важливою частиною для росту та розвитку рослин.В цілому аквапоніка є досить цікавою та перспективною технологією, проте вона потребує подальшого вивчення та розробки обґрунтованих рекомендацій та принципів виробництва продукції в системі, тому на сьогодні вона мало поширена у виробництві. Впровадженням та подальшою розробкою аквапоніки активно займаються вчені та фахівці США, ряду розвинених країн Європи (Великобританія, Німеччина, Данія тощо).  Аквапоніку вважають чи не однією з найперспективніших технологій вирощування сільськогосподарських культур у закритому ґрунті для країн Близького Сходу та Африки, які мають дуже посушливі кліматичні умови поряд із значним дефіцитом якісної прісної води для задоволення потреб житлово-комунального та водогосподарського комплексу

ЯРУЖНА ЕРОЗІЯ ҐРУНТІВ ЛІСОСТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ РІВНЕНЩИНИ

An urgent problem of modern agricultural production in Ukraine and the Rivne region, in particular, is the intensification of erosion processes, which leads to soil degradation, especially in the foreststeppe zone.Currently, agricultural land in the Rivne region is 933.9 thousand hectares, including eroded land – 323.3 thousand hectares, or 34.6% of the total area of agricultural land.This area of eroded lands is dominated by arable land, which covers an area of 69.4%. This situation means that the protection of soil cover from all types of erosion requires an immediate solution, without which sustainable land use becomes impossible.In the Rivne region, soil erosion is a natural exogenous process due to the combined activity of erosion factors: geological structure, relief geomorphology, precipitation, air, fauna and flora, and manmade activities.In Ukraine, 350 to 500 million tons of soil are lost annually from erosion. Erosion products carry up to 15 million tons of humus, about 0.8 million tons of nitrogen, 0.7–0.9 thousand tons of phosphorus, about 10 million tons of potassium, which is much more than is introduced into the soil with fertilizers.The authors study the negative role of gully erosion processes in the forest-steppe zone of the Rivne region to determine effective measures to preserve soil cover.Crop yields on eroded soils are 20–60% lower than on noneroded ones. According to qualitative estimates, the loss of agricultural products from erosion exceeds 10 million tons of grain units, which causes significant environmental and economic losses.Field research on the study of ravine erosion within the foreststeppe zone of the Rivne region was conducted at the regional level, based on the results of which two reference sites were selected, which characterize the excellent geological-geomorphological and climatic conditions.The greatest activation during the observation period is observed in those ravines that were in the active and intensive stages of development. There is a direct dependence on the growth of the number of ravines, which intensified on the average annual precipitation in the warm period of the year.Тhe dynamic state of development of ravine erosion is estimated and concrete measures for the termination of the destruction of a soil cover within the forest-steppe zone of the Rivne region are offered.Актуальною проблемою сучасного сільськогосподарського виробництва України та Рівненської області зокрема є інтенсифікація ерозійних процесів, що призводить до деградації ґрунтів, особливо у лісостеповій зоні.Натепер сільськогосподарські угіддя Рівненщини становлять 933,9 тис. га, в тому числі еродовані землі – 323,3 тис. га, або 34,6% від загальної площі земель сільськогосподарського виробництва.На вказаній площі еродованих земель домінує рілля, площа якої сягає 69,4%. Такий стан означає, що охорона ґрунтового покриву від усіх видів ерозії потребує невідкладного вирішення, без якого стале землекористування стає неможливим.В умовах Рівненщини ерозія ґрунтів є природним екзогенним процесом, що обумовлений сукупною активністю ерозійних факторів: геологічною будовою, геоморфологією рельєфу, атмосферними опадами, повітрям, тваринним та рослинним світом і техногенною діяльністю людини

Studies of new Higgs boson interactions through nonresonant HH production in the b¯bγγ fnal state in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the b ¯bγγ fnal state is performed using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This analysis supersedes and expands upon the previous nonresonant ATLAS results in this fnal state based on the same data sample. The analysis strategy is optimised to probe anomalous values not only of the Higgs (H) boson self-coupling modifer κλ but also of the quartic HHV V (V = W, Z) coupling modifer κ2V . No signifcant excess above the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. An observed upper limit µHH < 4.0 is set at 95% confdence level on the Higgs boson pair production cross-section normalised to its Standard Model prediction. The 95% confdence intervals for the coupling modifers are −1.4 < κλ < 6.9 and −0.5 < κ2V < 2.7, assuming all other Higgs boson couplings except the one under study are fxed to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the Standard Model efective feld theory and Higgs efective feld theory frameworks in terms of constraints on the couplings of anomalous Higgs boson (self-)interactions

Measurement of the H → γ γ and H → ZZ∗ → 4 cross-sections in pp collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive Higgs boson production cross section is measured in the di-photon and the Z Z∗ → 4 decay channels using 31.4 and 29.0 fb−1 of pp collision data respectively, collected with the ATLAS detector at a centre of-mass energy of √s = 13.6 TeV. To reduce the model dependence, the measurement in each channel is restricted to a particle-level phase space that closely matches the chan nel’s detector-level kinematic selection, and it is corrected for detector effects. These measured fiducial cross-sections are σfid,γ γ = 76+14 −13 fb, and σfid,4 = 2.80 ± 0.74 fb, in agreement with the corresponding Standard Model predic tions of 67.6±3.7 fb and 3.67±0.19 fb. Assuming Standard Model acceptances and branching fractions for the two chan nels, the fiducial measurements are extrapolated to the full phase space yielding total cross-sections of σ (pp → H) = 67+12 −11 pb and 46±12 pb at 13.6 TeV from the di-photon and Z Z∗ → 4 measurements respectively. The two measure ments are combined into a total cross-section measurement of σ (pp → H) = 58.2±8.7 pb, to be compared with the Stan dard Model prediction of σ (pp → H)SM = 59.9 ± 2.6 p

Search for pairs of muons with small displacements in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search for new phenomena giving rise to pairs of opposite electrically charged muons with impact parameters in the millimeter range is presented, using 139 fb−1 of √s = 13 TeV pp collision data from the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search targets the gap in coverage between existing searches targeting final states with leptons with large displacement and prompt leptons. No significant excess over the background expectation is observed and exclusion limits are set on the mass of long-lived scalar supersymmetric muon-partners (smuons) with much lower lifetimes than previously targeted by displaced muon searches. Smuon lifetimes down to 1 ps are excluded for a smuon mass of 100 GeV, and smuon masses up to 520 GeV are excluded for a proper lifetime of 10 ps, at 95% confidence level. Finally, model-independent limits are set on the contribution from new phenomena to the signal-region yield

Comparison of inclusive and photon-tagged jet suppression in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collisions with ATLAS

Parton energy loss in the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) is studied with a measurement of photon-tagged jet production in 1.7 nb−1 of Pb+Pb data and 260 pb−1 of pp data, both at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, with the ATLAS detector. The process pp → γ +jet+X and its analogue in Pb+Pb collisions is measured in events containing an isolated photon with transverse momentum (pT) above 50 GeV and reported as a function of jet pT. This selection results in a sample of jets with a steeply falling pT distribution that are mostly initiated by the showering of quarks. The pp and Pb+Pb measurements are used to report the nuclear modification factor, RAA, and the fractional energy loss, Sloss, for photon-tagged jets. In addition, the results are compared with the analogous ones for inclusive jets, which have a significantly smaller quark-initiated fraction. The RAA and Sloss values are found to be significantly different between those for photon-tagged jets and inclusive jets, demonstrating that energy loss in the QGP is sensitive to the colour-charge of the initiating parton. The results are also compared with a variety of theoretical models of colour-charge-dependent energy loss

Combination of searches for heavy spin-1 resonances using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A combination of searches for new heavy spin-1 resonances decaying into different pairings of W, Z, or Higgs bosons, as well as directly into leptons or quarks, is presented. The data sample used corresponds to 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at = 13 TeV collected during 2015–2018 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Analyses selecting quark pairs (qq, bb, , and tb) or third-generation leptons (τν and ττ) are included in this kind of combination for the first time. A simplified model predicting a spin-1 heavy vector-boson triplet is used. Cross-section limits are set at the 95% confidence level and are compared with predictions for the benchmark model. These limits are also expressed in terms of constraints on couplings of the heavy vector-boson triplet to quarks, leptons, and the Higgs boson. The complementarity of the various analyses increases the sensitivity to new physics, and the resulting constraints are stronger than those from any individual analysis considered. The data exclude a heavy vector-boson triplet with mass below 5.8 TeV in a weakly coupled scenario, below 4.4 TeV in a strongly coupled scenario, and up to 1.5 TeV in the case of production via vector-boson fusion

Measurement and interpretation of same-sign W boson pair production in association with two jets in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents the measurement of fducial and diferential cross sections for both the inclusive and electroweak production of a same-sign W-boson pair in association with two jets (W±W±jj) using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis is performed by selecting two same-charge leptons, electron or muon, and at least two jets with large invariant mass and a large rapidity diference. The measured fducial cross sections for electroweak and inclusive W±W±jj production are 2.92 ± 0.22 (stat.) ± 0.19 (syst.)fb and 3.38±0.22 (stat.)±0.19 (syst.)fb, respectively, in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The measurements are used to constrain anomalous quartic gauge couplings by extracting 95% confdence level intervals on dimension-8 operators. A search for doubly charged Higgs bosons H±± that are produced in vector-boson fusion processes and decay into a same-sign W boson pair is performed. The largest deviation from the Standard Model occurs for an H±± mass near 450 GeV, with a global signifcance of 2.5 standard deviations