Direct Training of Teachers in the Use of Praise: Implementation and Generalization

Praise has been shown to be an effective intervention for decreasing problem behaviors in the classroom when there is a hypothesized attention function. Unfortunately, studies have shown that teachers generally provide low rates of praise even after didactic instruction. Praise training consisting of didactic and direct training have been used to increase praise rates but few studies have examined the individual components within praise training to determine if didactic training is necessary. Additionally, while some studies have examined the maintenance of praise rate following praise training, few studies have focused on the generalization of praise towards other students. This study replicated and extended upon Dufrene et al. (2012) and Dufrene et al. (2014), by testing the efficacy of a direct teacher training procedure to increase praise while evaluating maintenance and generalization of praise. Four elementary school students and their teachers participated in the study due to referrals for problem behavior within the classroom with a hypothesized attention function. All teachers were trained to increase BSP through the use of a bug-in-the-ear radio. Praise directed towards the target student as well as other students in the classroom were recorded along with occurrence of problem behavior by the target student. Teachers who did not demonstrate maintenance and/or generalization were provided additional training. Results of this study showed that direct training resulted in increase in praise towards all target students but maintenance was not stable following withdrawal for all teachers. Of the four teachers, only one generalized praise towards other students. Additional training was required for three of the four teachers to generalize praise, which maintained during follow-up

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Metode Peer Education terhadap Perilaku Perineal Hygiene Remaja Putri di MTs Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah Kecamatan Pasir Penyu Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Provinsi Riau

Perineal hygiene merupakan tindakan untuk memelihara kebersihan dan menjaga kesehatan organ reproduksi pada seseorang. Perilaku perineal hygiene penting dilakukan kepada remaja putri pada tahap remaja awal karena remaja awal merupakan tahap awal dari perkembangan reproduksi seseorang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan perineal hygiene terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan perineal hygiene remaja putri di MTs Pondok Pesantren Khairul Ummah Kecamatan Pasir Penyu Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain Non Equivalent Control Group Design dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Hasil uji menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan metode peer education terhadap perilaku perineal hygiene meliputi pengetahuan dengan p value 0,016, sikap dengan p value 0,014, dan tindakan dengan p value 0,001. Pendidikan kesehatan ini direkomendasikan kepada petugas kesehatan untuk melakukan promosi kesehatan guna meningkatkan kemampuan perineal hygiene pada remaja putri

The Model Minority Maze: Hmong Americans Working Within and Around Racial Discourses

Whether framed as model minorities or used as evidence that the model minority is a myth, Hmong Americans and other Southeast Asians are constrained by the model minority stereotype. As a disciplinary tool, the model minority stereotype controls Asian American experiences and identities. This paper explores the complex and diverse ways that Hmong Americans in a community in Wisconsin are making sense of and responding to the model minority stereotype and the racial positioning of the Hmong American community. Our paper will illustrate the persistent power of the model minority stereotype to frame Asian American experiences, identities and actions

Assessing the relative importance of correlates of loneliness in later life:Gaining insight using recursive partitioning

OBJECTIVES: Improving the design and targeting of interventions is important for alleviating loneliness among older adults. This requires identifying which correlates are the most important predictors of loneliness. This study demonstrates the use of recursive partitioning in exploring the characteristics and assessing the relative importance of correlates of loneliness in older adults. METHOD: Using exploratory regression trees and random forests, we examined combinations and the relative importance of 42 correlates in relation to loneliness at age 68 among 2453 participants from the birth cohort study the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. RESULTS: Positive mental well-being, personal mastery, identifying the spouse as the closest confidant, being extrovert and informal social contact were the most important correlates of lower loneliness levels. Participation in organised groups and demographic correlates were poor identifiers of loneliness. The regression tree suggested that loneliness was not raised among those with poor mental wellbeing if they identified their partner as closest confidante and had frequent social contact. CONCLUSION: Recursive partitioning can identify which combinations of experiences and circumstances characterise high-risk groups. Poor mental wellbeing and sparse social contact emerged as especially important and classical demographic factors as insufficient in identifying high loneliness levels among older adults

Increased risk of blood transfusion in patients with diabetes mellitus sustaining non-major burn injury

Background: Due to the increased mortality and morbidity associated with blood transfusion, identifying modifiable predictors of transfusion are vital to prevent or minimise blood use. We hypothesised that burn patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to be prescribed a transfusion. These patients tend to have increased age, number of comorbidities, infection risk and need for surgery which are all factors reported previously to be associated with blood use. Objective: To determine whether patients with diabetes mellitus who have sustained a burn ≤20% total body surface area (TBSA) are at higher risk of receiving red blood cell transfusion compared to those without diabetes mellitus. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study including patients admitted to the major Burns Unit in Western Australia for management of a burn injury. Only the first hospital admission between May 2008 to February 2017 were included. Results: Among 2,101 patients with burn injuries ≤20% TBSA, 48 (2.3%) received packed red blood cells and 169 (8.0%) had diabetes. There were 13 (7.7%) diabetic patients that were transfused versus 35 (1.8%) non-diabetic patients. Patients with diabetes were 5.2 (p=0.034) times more likely to receive packed red blood cells after adjusting for percentage TBSA, haemoglobin at admission or prior to transfusion, number of surgeries, total comorbid burden and incidence of infection. As percentage TBSA increases, the probability of packed red blood cell transfusion increases at a higher rate in DM patients. Conclusions: This study showed that diabetic patients with burn injuries ≤20% TBSA have a higher probability of receiving packed red blood cell transfusion compared to patients without diabetes. This effect was compounded in burns with higher percentage TBSA

PENGARUH KONSUMSI DARK CHOCOLATE TERHADAP FUNGSI KONSENTRASI VISUAL MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK INDONESIA ATMA JAYA

Introduction: Cognitive function is essential for medical students to support learning at the university. One part of cognitive function that is very important in student learning is visual concentration. Visual concentration is the process of maintaining a concentration of thought on a visual object by putting aside other things that are not related. Concentration can be increased in several ways, one of which is to consume nutritious foods that contain flavonoids such as dark chocolate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dark chocolate consumption on visual concentration of cognitive function in Atma Jaya’s medical students.Methods: This was an experimental study and the data were tested using t-paired statistical test. The research was conducted from March to April 2019 at Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jakarta. The data ovtained from Stroop Test before and after intervention of dark chocolate. A total of 51 respondents were selected according to the research criteria.Results: As many as 48 people (94.1%) experinced an increase in the Stroop Test Score, a person (2%) did not experience a change in the Stroop Test Score, and two people (3.9%) experinced a decrease in the Stroop Test Score. The result of statistical test show significant results (p<0.01). The average score before the intervenion was obtained at 77.02±10.42 and the average score after the intervention was obtained at 77.02±11.81 (Δ= +12.26).Conclusion: There is an effect of dark chocolate consumption on visual concentration of cognitive function in Atma Jaya’s medical studentPendahuluan: Fungsi kognitif sangat penting bagi mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran untuk menunjang setiap proses pembelajaran di universitas. Salah satu bagian dari fungsi kognitif yang sangat penting dalam proses belajar mahasiswa adalah konsentrasi visual. Konsentrasi visual adalah proses mempertahankan pemusatan pikiran pada suatu objek visual dengan cara menyampingkan hal lain yang tidak berhubungan. Konsentrasi dapat ditingkatkan dengan beberapa cara, salah satunya adalah dengan mengkonsumsi makanan bergizi yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid seperti pada dark chocolate. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi dark chocolate terhadap fungsi konsentrasi visual pada mahasiswa di FKIK Unika Atma Jaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental, dan data diuji menggunakan uji statistik t-berpasangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai April 2019 di FKIK Unika Atma Jaya. Data didapatkan dari hasil uji Stroop Test pada sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dark chocolate. Sebanyak 51 responden dipilih sesuai kriteria penelitian.    Hasil: Sebanyak 48 orang (94,1%) mengalami peningkatan skor Stroop Test, 1 orang (2%) tidak mengalami perubahan skor Stroop Test, dan 2 orang (3,9%) mengalami penurunan skor Stroop Test. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (p<0,01). Rata-rata skor sebelum intervensi didapatkan sebesar 64,7610,42 dan rata-rata skor setelah intervensi didapatkan sebesar 77,0211,81 (= +12,26).Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh konsumsi dark chocolate terhadap fungsi konsentrasi visual mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Unika Atma Jaya

Feasibility of using microbeads with holographic barcodes to track DNA specimens in the clinical molecular laboratory

We demonstrate the feasibility of using glass microbeads with a holographic barcode identifier to track DNA specimens in the molecular pathology laboratory. These beads can be added to peripheral blood specimens and are carried through automated DNA extraction protocols that use magnetic glass particles. We found that an adequate number of microbeads are consistently carried over during genomic DNA extraction to allow specimen identification, that the beads do not interfere with the performance of several different molecular assays, and that the beads and genomic DNA remain stable when stored together under regular storage conditions in the molecular pathology laboratory. The beads function as an internal, easily readable specimen barcode. This approach may be useful for identifying DNA specimens and reducing errors associated with molecular laboratory testing

Oral Infection Drives a Distinct Population of Intestinal Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells with Enhanced Protective Function

SummaryThe intestinal mucosa promotes T cell responses that might be beneficial for effective mucosal vaccines. However, intestinal resident memory T (Trm) cell formation and function are poorly understood. We found that oral infection with Listeria monocytogenes induced a robust intestinal CD8 T cell response and blocking effector T cell migration showed that intestinal Trm cells were critical for secondary protection. Intestinal effector CD8 T cells were predominately composed of memory precursor effector cells (MPECs) that rapidly upregulated CD103, which was needed for T cell accumulation in the intestinal epithelium. CD103 expression, rapid MPEC formation, and maintenance in intestinal tissues were dependent on T cell intrinsic transforming growth factor β signals. Moreover, intestinal Trm cells generated after intranasal or intravenous infection were less robust and phenotypically distinct from Trm cells generated after oral infection, demonstrating the critical contribution of infection route for directing the generation of protective intestinal Trm cells