Effects of Tail fat enriched diet on male Wistar rat reproductive system

Background and Aim: Male infertility is increasing worldwide. There is now emerging evidence that nutritional status is regarded as a critical determinant of normal reproductive function. Hence, today, the role of dietary nutrition has attracted the attention of researchers. Thus, the present study was conducted to elucidate the effects of tail fat (TF) enriched diet on male rat reproductive function. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three equal groups and were fed with either standard diet (control) or standard diet enriched with 10 % of TF oil or standard diet enriched with 20% TF for 5 consecutive months. Finally, the rats were euthanized, the weights of their bodies, and their testes were measured. Then, the testes were dissected and the sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin for quantitative histopathological examination. Besides, blood samples were collected for testosterone (T) assessment. Results: Compared to the control group, the rats fed with a diet enriched with 20% TF had significantly (P≤0.05) more body weight, while, their testes weight significantly (P≤0.0001) decreased. Also, histological changes showed that TF, in a dose dependence manner, significantly decreased germinal layer, seminiferous area, and spermatogonia number in the rats’ testes. There was no significant difference in T concentration between the groups. Conclusion: It was clearly found that excessive and long term intake of TF can be causative of hypogonadism and increase infertility in male rats

The impact of long-term consumption of diets enriched with olive, cottonseed or sesame oils on kidney morphology: A stereological study

Abstract: To date, most of studies have only focused on metabolic effects of dietary oils while recent evidence proposes that they can influence kidneys structure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of long-term consumption of olive, cottonseed and sesame oils on renal morphology in rats. 70 male Wistar rats randomly assigned into seven equal groups and treated with standard diet (control), the standard diet enriched with 10% or 20% (W/W) of either olive oil (OLI10%, OLI20%), cottonseed oil (COT10%, COT20%) or sesame oil (SES10%, SES20%) for 5 months. Quantitative features of the kidney including kidney and cortex volumes and the number of glomeruli were analyzed stereologically. Moreover, kidney sections histologically were evaluated. All of the studied oils in low concentration had no devastating effects on renal morphology and also its pathological features. However, only in SES20% group, kidney volume as well as, cortical volume was higher than the control group. Besides, accumulation of carbohydrate macromolecules and renal fibrosis were markedly increased in SES20% group compared to the control. The results suggest that sesame oil, especially at high concentration, may lead to renal deformities as a result of histopathological changes such as dilatation, fibrosis, and tubular defects

Survey of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy on complications consequent of tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy

Background and Aim: Tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy are the most common ENT surgeries. Because there are not sufficient investigations about antibiotic therapy, and, also, due to .some disagreement over post-surgery use of antibiotics, the present study was designed to find out the efficacy of antibiotic therapy on consequent complications of tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy. Materials and Methods: This randomized, clinical trial (RCT) study was carried out on 138 candidates for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups the first group, i.e. the cases, received antibiotics and the. Control group received no antibiotics. Both groups were compared regarding variables such as fever, mean number of the white blood cells, severity of pain and” nausea and vomiting” after operation, vocalization, mean lapse in drinking time, extent of bleeding during and after operation, pus secretion , regenerating of injury after the two types of surgery. The obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 13). using chi-square, T-test, Fisher and Man-Withny tests at the significant level α<0.05. Results: It was found that 49.3% of the cases and 40.6% of the controls were males and the rest females. Mean and standard deviation of the age was 12.2±8.3 and 11.5±5.9 in case and control groups, respectively. Mean and standard deviation of severity of the pain and “nausea and vomiting” were 2.72±0.95 and 16.4±0.94, and 2.54±0.83 and 16.3±1.4 in the cases and controls 24 hours after surgery was 12923±3544 and 14223±3591, respectively. Only, mean number of the white blood cells difference was significantly higher in the control group (14223±3591 vs, 12923±3544, P=0.03). Conclusion: Administering antibiotics to tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy patients has no effect on complications consequent to these surgeries

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019Research in context

Summary: Background: The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods: We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings: In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation: The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding: The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)