Construction of Yeast Recombinant Expression Vector Containing Human Epidermal Growth Factor (hEGF)

Purpose: The objective of this study was construction of recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 which may be used for expression of recombinant hEGF in following studies. Methods: EGF cDNA was purchased from Genecopoeia Company and used for PCR amplification. Prior to ligation, the PCR product and pPIC9 vector was digested with EcoRI and XhoI and ligated in pPIC9 vector and subjected to colony PCR screening and sequencing analysis. Results: PCR amplification of EGF cDNA using recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 vector as template was concluded in amplification of 197bp fragment. Construction of recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 of EGf gene was verified by PCR and sequencing. Conclusion: Construction of Recombinant hEGF-pPIC9 was the primary stage for production and expression of EFG in the future study

Down syndrome screening methods in Iranian pregnant women

Introduction: Down syndrome is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases. Screening methods for this syndrome are easy and safe and are recommended to all pregnant wom-en particularly mothers over 35 years of age. This study aimed to review the status of Down syndrome screening and related factors in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was carried out in 2011. It included 400 women who were randomly selected from those referring to Alzahra Hospital (Tabriz, Iran) during their third trimester of pregnancy. Data was collected through a question-naire whose reliability and validity have been approved. The data was analyzed by chi-square test in SPSS13. Results: The results showed that while 28 and 26 women imple-mented screening tests during the first and second trimesters, respectively, only 5 sub-jects benefited from both (integrated test). Chi-square test showed significant correla-tions between the implementation of screening methods and age, education level, in-come, and the location of prenatal care (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed women to poorly implement Down syndrome screening methods. Therefore, the necessity of providing appropriate educational programs for health staff and mothers seems undeniable. Moreover, paying attention to the related factors such as income, educational level, and adequate training of mothers during pregnancy is essential

Molecular evaluation of Ex3 VNTR polymorphism of the DRD4 gene in patients with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract Objective Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect social and communication skills. They are characterized by severe communication and social skills disabilities and limited and repetitive activities and their prevalence appear to be steadily increasing. Genes involved in the dopamine pathway may play an important role in the development of autism and this study we evaluated the possible association between Ex3 VNTR polymorphism of the DRD4 gene and autism spectrum disorder in the Iranian population. Materials &amp; Methods In this case-control study,97 children with autism and 103 healthy individuals were selected from the northwestern area of Iran as the case group and the control group, respectively. After genomic extraction from peripheral blood samples by the proteinase K method, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to determine the genotypes of polymorphism. The data then were coded and analyzed using SPSS22 software. Result The results of the study showed that the allele frequencies were different in the two groups and some of these differences were statistically significant. The most common allele in both the ASD and the control group was the 700 bp allele and its frequency was significantly different in the two groups, being more common in the ASD group. (p-value=0.0018). The other allele with a statistically different frequency was the 800 bp allele which was less frequent in the ASD group (p-value=0.0017). Conclusion These results suggest a potential association between Ex3 VNTR polymorphism of the DRD4 gene and autism spectrum disorder in the Iranian population and necessitate further studies evaluating the DRD4 gene

Analysis of Association between the Effects of Methylphenidate and DRD4 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Background: Drug treatment is one of the most important treatments for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The DRD4 gene is a transporter and receptor coding gene of dopamine and is one of the most important genes under investigation in the disorder and etiology of ADHD. In this study, the association between rs3758653 C/T and VNTR exon 3 repetition polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene and the effects of methylphenidate were investigated in patients with ADHD disorder consuming methylphenidate. Methods: The descriptive-analytical study was performed on 122 patients (5 - 18 years old) with ADHD who were treated with methylphenidate. DNA was extracted using salting out method. Subsequently, the rs3758653 polymorphism in the 5’UTR region of DRD4 gene was genotyped by PCR-RFLP method, and the VNTR fragment in exon III of DRD4 gene was investigated by electrophoresis gel on acrylamide gel method. After eight weeks from the start of drug treatment with methylphenidate, the intensity of symptoms was evaluated using the Conners scale. Finally, all data from questionnaires and information that were resulted from laboratory findings were analyzed using ANOVA and repeated measure analysis. Results: Of the 122 patients under study, 15 patients (12.3%) were responded to the drug treatment, and 107 patients (87.7%) were not responded. The significant differences were not revealed in genotype, and allele frequencies of between rs3758653 (C/T) and exon III 3’VNTR repeats polymorphisms of the DRD4 gene and responder and non-responder of ADHD groups to the drug treatment. Conclusions: The results showed that the reduction of ADHD symptoms with drug treatment is not related to DRD4 sub-types in patients with ADHD

Molecular Characterisation and Assessment of Clinical Significance of Small Fragile X Alleles

BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome is a genetic mental retardation syndrome caused by an unstable mutation in thefragile X mental retardation 1 gene (FMR1) on the X chromosome. FMR1 CGG repeat alleles are categorized accordingto number as normal, intermediate, premutation, and full mutation alleles. Considerable information is available, fromreported studies, on the structure of the full mutation alleles. METHODS: This review focused on the characterization of FMR1 CGG repeat size alleles in the premutation andintermediate ranges. RESULTS: The premutation and intermediate carriers, previously thought to be clinically unaffected, are recentlyknown to be at increased risk of premature ovarian failure (POF), fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome(FXTAS), autism, emotional problems, late-onset neurodegenerative deficits, and neurocognitive deficits. A number ofstudies have suggested that the underlying cause might be RNA toxicity resulting from abnormally high levels of FMR1mRNA in these alleles. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that abnormality of FMR1 gene has different clinical presentations, especially insmall alleles, and should be considered more by physicians in clinics. KEYWORDS: FMR1 Gene, FXS, Permutation alleles, POF, FXTA

Evaluation of a newly discovered breast cancer susceptibility locus at 6q25.1 in Iranian Azari-Turkish women

Aim of the study: A recent breast cancer genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2046210 on 6q25.1 showing a strong association with breast cancer risk. Numerous association studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk in various populations. There have been conflicting reports about the association of this locus with breast cancer risk in different ethnic groups. For the first time, this study has investigated the association of rs2046210 SNP with breast cancer risk in Iranian Azari-Turkish women in North West Iran. Material and methods : In this study 192 breast cancer subjects and 186 healthy controls were genotyped using Taqman SNP genotyping assays for different SNP rs2046210 alleles. Results : No significant association between rs2046210 SNP alleles and the risk of breast cancer was detected in Iranian Azari-Turkish women. Conclusions : The data suggests that rs2046210SNP does not play a role in the aetiology of breast cancer in the Iranian Azari-Turkish population, and it indicates possible genetic differences for breast cancer between different population ancestries. Our result is an important contribution to the literature about genetic susceptibility for breast cancer in Asian populations. Additional studies are required to confirm our findings

Evaluation of Association Between HLA Class II DR4–DQ8 Haplotype and Type I Diabetes Mellitus in Children of East Azerbaijan State of Iran

Purpose: Association between HLA-DR4–DQ8 haplotype and type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM-1A) was investigated in children of East Azerbaijan state of Iran because such an association has not been previously studied in this population. Methods: HLA-typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific priming. For haplotype analysis, the logistic regression model was performed. Results: Of the three investigated alleles, the frequency of DRB1*0401 was significantly higher among patients compared with that in healthy subjects (76.74% vs. 23.26%). Conclusion: The findings of the current study are consistent with those of previous studies and show that DRB1*0401 is associated with DM-1A; the frequencies of the two other alleles were also higher among patients, although the differences were not statistically significant. Two haplotypes associated with these alleles were also surveyed, and DRB1*0401−-DQA1*0301−, and DRB1*0401−-DQA1*0301−-DQB1*0302− were the most frequent haplotypes among the patient group

Cloning of Soluble Human Stem Cell Factor in pET-26b(+) Vector

Purpose: Stem cell factor (SCF) plays an important role in the survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells. Potential therapeutic applications of SCF include hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, exvivo stem/progenitor cell expansion, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Considering the cost and problem in accessibility of this product in Iran, clears the importance of indigenizing production of rhSCF. In the present work, we describe the construction of the soluble rhSCF expression vector in pET-26b (+) with periplasmic localization potential. Methods: Following PCR amplification of human SCF ORF, it is cloned in pET-26b (+) vector in NcoI and XhoI sites. The recombinant construct was transformed into BL21 (DE3) Ecoli strains. Results: The construction of recombinant vector was verified by colony PCR and sequence analysis of pET26b-hSCF vector. Sequence analyses proved that human SCF ORF has been inserted into NcoI and XhoI site with correct orientation downstream of strong T7 promotor and showed no nucleotide errors. Conclusion: The SCF ORF was successfully cloned in pET-26b (+) expression vector and is ready for future production of SCF protein

NUCB2/Nesfatin-1: A Potent Meal Regulatory Hormone and its Role in Diabetes

Background: Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered calcium and DNA binding peptide, originate from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2) precursors and expressed by central and peripheral nervous system, and peripheral tissues such as digestive organs and adipose tissues. It has the astonishingly large number of chemical messengers for full appetite and introduced as a potential anorectic factor with ability to modulate body weight and probably, energy homeostasis. Nesfatin-1/NUCB2 level in the circulation is elevated after meal intake and decreased during a fast. Its food intake suppression effect is independent from the leptin pathway, and act via the melanocortin signaling. On the other hand, Nesfatin-1 colocalizes with insulin in pancreatic beta islet cells and has been shown to increase insulin secretion. Methodology: PubMed databases were searched for “NUCB2 or nesfatin-1 or nucleobindin” with the combination of “diabetes mellitus”. Included papers were further searched manually for additional studies. The databases were searched up to 2015. Fifty one articles were selected for full text review. Result: Centrally controlled Nesfatin-1 was stated to raise peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity by reducing gluconeogenesis and stimulating peripheral glucose uptake in vivo. Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 has gain attention as a new target to generate, drug for treatment of endocrine nutritional and metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus