Synthesis and pharmacological activities of some condensed 4-chloro-2,2-dialkyl chromene-3-carbaldehyde derivatives

Novi hidrazono- 5a,b, tiosemikarbazono- 6a-c i oksimo kromeni 7a-c sintetizirani su iz odgovarajućeg β-klorkarbaldehida 3 i hidrazina, aromatskog hidrazina, tiosemikarbazida ili hidroksilamin hidroklorida, dok su eterski derivati 8a-h pripremljeni iz pripadajućih aldoksima 7a-c. Novi spojevi ispitani su na protuupalno i ulcerogeno djelovanje, a njihovo djelovanje uspoređeno je s djelovanjem indometacina.Some new hydrazono- 5a,b, thiosemicarbazono- 6a-c, and oximo chromenes 7a-c were prepared via the reaction of the corresponding β-chlorocarbaldehyde 3 with hydrazine, aromatic hydrazine, thiosemicarbazide and hydroxylamine hydrochloride, respectively. In addition, ether derivatives 8a-h were prepared from the corresponding aldoximes 7a-c. The new products were tested for anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic score activities compared to indomethacin

Estimation of the novel antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects of silymarin in Albino rats and mice

Objective: To evaluate the other pharmacological actions of silymarin in Albino rats and mice such as antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects. Methods: Rats were injected intramuscularly with pyrogenic dose of brewer's yeast for the antipyretic test of silymarin. Another group of rats injected with 0.1 mL of 1% carrageenan solution in saline at the subplanter area of the right hind paw for the anti-inflammatory test of silymarin. Another group of mice tested by hot plate method for determination of antinociceptive effect of silymarin. Hyperlipidemia was induced using high fat diet for 2 months to estimate the antihyperlipidemic activity of silymarin. Results: Silymarin showed a significant antipyretic effect of both doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) compared with control untreated group. Moreover, silymarin elucidated a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both doses reflected on the decrease of the rat paw edema every hour interval for 4 h after administration in comparison with control positive group. By the same taken, both doses of silymarine revealed a significant antinociceptive action in hot plate method at 30 and 60 min post administration. Besides, it lowered significantly the serum levels of prostaglandin E2, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta after 2 h of silymarin administration in carrageenan induced rat paw edema besides the significant decrease of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein after 2 weeks of silymarin administration. Conclusions: These outcomes delivered a new vision into the possible pharmacological mechanisms by which silymarin advances antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antihyperlipidemic effects

Review: Circulatory disorders induced by ochratoxin A

Ochratoxin A (OA) or (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by certain Penecillium (mainly P. verrucosum) and Aspergillus (mainly A. occracies) species of storage fungi. This toxin is a secondary fungal metabolites which has been detected in a variety of animal chows, human food and in up to 80% of human blood samples of several Western countries. Its main target is the kidney which is the causing agent of Danish porcine nephropathy and increases the incidence of renal carcinomas and adenomas in rats. OA produces many other adverse effects on animals and human since it is known as teratogen, mutagen and immunosuppressive agent. Several mechanisms of OA toxicity have been proposed by several investigators. The present manuscript introduces the circulatory disturbances as well as several cases of cardiac disorders which have been recorded following the acute administration of ochratoxin A to adult rats. A dose-dependent relationship of ochratoxin A has been established. OA decreased the heart rate of adult rats after 30 min from the IP injection. Hypotension as well as a significant change in mean arterial blood pressure and decrease in the conduction time of the heart cycle were established also following ochratoxicosis. Other electrophysiological changes included significant inotropic effect and increase of ventricle repolarization voltage have been reported after OA treatment. The abnormalities of heart function include abnormal sinus rhythms, arising of ectopic beats and atrioventricular block. A drop and change of pulse pressure of the arterial blood pressure have been recorded simultaneously with multiple cases of arterial premature contractions (APC) and sinus arrhythmia (SA). The cardiotoxic mechanism of OA has been established by both in vivo and in vitro study on the rat and frog hearts. Sympathetic and parasympathetic antagonisms as well as calcium channels blocker have been employed. It is suggested that OA exerted its cardiotoxic effects mainly through increased influx of extracellular calcium ions, which postulates a possible direct effect of OA on the myocardium cell membranes integrity. Morover, OA can exert a parasympathetic stimulation to the heart in both the in vivo and in-vitro study. Ochratoxin A seriously affects the circulating blood and the circulating body fluid which are currently defined as the internal environment that facilitate the metabolic processes and homeostasis. Microcytic hypochromic anemia, reduced mean corpuscular volume and decrease of other haematological measurements were reported in different species of animals toxificated by OA. Ochratoxin A not only produced amelioration in the pH of intersititial fluid which provides the exchange medium for substances moving between cells and capillary plasma, but also within the cell membrane on the intracellular fluid, which serve as the liquid environment for chemical reactions necessary to cellular survival. KEY WORDS: ECG, blood pressure, Autonomic nervous system, Body fluids, calcium channels, rat, frog. Egyptian Journal of Biology Vol.4 2002: 147-15

Classical Methods and Wavelet Analysis for Image Denoising: A Comparative Study with Applications to Scanning Electron Microscope

International audienc

Classical Methods and Wavelet Analysis for Image Denoising: A Comparative Study with Applications to Scanning Electron Microscope

International audienc

Study on the PoSSible Protective effect of Melatonin and SilyMarin againSt the toxic effect of faviSM factor "divicine"

abStract Experiments were carried-out with Sprague Dawley rats to determine as the administration of Mt and Sy on the toxicity produced by DV, a free radical compound. IP injection of DV (250 mg/rat b.wt.) alone resulted in 100% mortality within 24 h accompanied by a rapid decrease in the concentration of GSH in RBCs. Administration of both doses of Mt (1 and 2 mg/kg) and Sy (22 mg/kg) with DV greatly reduced mortality and increased the concentration of GSH. Blood cells and hemoglobin also returned towards normal values. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin) and kidney function (urea and creatinine) were highly significant increased after divicine injection, while Mt and Sy in combination with DV returned these parameters to normal values. Keywords: Divicine, GSH, melatonin, sylimarin, Favism, Rats. reSuMen El objetivo del presente estudio fue elucidar el posible efecto protector de a melatonina y la Silimarina en caso de efectos tóxicos de DV en ratas albinas. En la administración IP de DV se tuvo el 100% de mortalidad y una disminución de la concentración de GSH en RBCs. La administración de Mt y Sy con DV reducen la mortalidad y el aumento de la concentración de GSH. Asimismo se observa que contrarresta el aumento de los parámetros en el hígado y en las funciones renales después de la inyección de DV. a Pharmacology an

Acute and subacute toxicity of Ammi visnaga on rats

Ammi visnaga (Av) is a source of khellin where a tea made from the fruit of this plant was used as herbal medicine for kidney stones in Egypt. In the present research, the acute and subacute toxicity studies with oral intake of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg of Av seed ethanolic extract in rats were done. In acute toxicity test, 4 groups of rats (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) were chosen and the first control group received tap water, while the other three groups received Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg, and general behavior, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, 72 rats (36 males and 36 females) were divided into 4 major groups; group I received tap water (control group), while animals in groups II, III, and IV (test groups) received oral intake of Av seed ethanolic extract dissolved in tap water at doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bwt, respectively. Each of this major group was subdivided consequently into 3 subgroups (n = 6/group: 3 males and 3 females) where brain tissue, blood sample, body and organs weights were recorded at the beginning and then after two and four weeks of the experiment for the determination of hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary). With regard to acute toxicity, Av seed ethanolic extract did not induce any toxic effects or death or any organ toxicity. In subacute toxicity study; oral intake with Av seed ethanolic extract did not reveal any change in body and organs weights, hematological parameters, serum glucose and cholesterol, brain neurotransmitters, liver and kidney functions, male and female hormones. In conclusion, Av seed ethanolic extract is nontoxic to liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, testis and ovary