Effects Of Artemia Urmiana Enrichment In Larviculture Of Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser Persicus) Effects Of Artemia Urmiana Enrichment In Larviculture Of Persian Sturgeon (Acipenser Persicus)

The main objective of this study was to improve the Persian Sturgeon, Acipenser persicus survival when they released into the Caspian Sea through the enrichment of its larval food, Artemia urmiana. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate effect several enrichment methods on the chemical composition of A. urmiana nauplii, larval growth, survival and salinity tolerance of the Persian sturgeon larvae. In the first series of 3 factorial experiment, the effects of oil sources, oil concentration and enrichment periods on the nutritive value of A. urmiana nauplii and growth rate, survival percentage, chemical composition and salinity tolerance of sturgeon larvae fed enriched Artemia and unenriched (as control) were evaluated. The results showed Total n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid contents, DHA/EPA and ω3/ω6 ratios in Artemia nauplii and sturgeon larvae were significantly increased (P0.05). When the sturgeon larvae were exposed to salinity test, those fed with HUFA enriched Artemia showed tolerance only up to 6 ppt. In the second series of 3 factorial experiment, the effects of oil sources each with 300 ppm concentration, ascorbyl palmitate levels and enrichment periods on the nutritive value of A. urmiana nauplii and growth rate, survival percentage, chemical composition and salinity tolerance of sturgeon larvae fed enriched Artemia and unenriched (as control) were evaluated. The results showed vitamin C contents were increased in both Artemia and fish larvae significantly (P0.05). Survival rates and chemical compositions were significantly improved (P<0.05) in fish larvae fed Artemia enriched HUFA oil supplemented with AP. The ICES30/4 was the best oil source for improving the chemical composition including fatty acids in the larvae when it was supplemented with vitamin C. Lower levels of vitamin C (less than 30%) and longer enrichment period (24 h) were more effective (P<0.05) in improving the chemical composition of sturgeon fish larvae. When the sturgeon larvae were exposed to salinity test, those fed with HUFA +AP enriched Artemia demonstrated high tolerance (≥ 90% survival) up to 12 ppt for 120h. Although the enrichment of Artemia urmiana with 300 ppm ICES30/4 and 30% vitamin C gave the best salinity tolerance at 12ppt (100±0.00 % survival), the enrichment with 300 ppm sturgeon ovary oil and 10% vitamin C was economically affective in increasing the salinity tolerance of Persian sturgeon larvae (95±2.00 % survival)

Nutritional enhancement of total lipid, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in Artemia urmiana nauplii by enriching with ICES/30/4

Artemia urmiana nauplii were enriched with three different concentrations (100, 200 and 300 ppm) of commercial emulsion, ICES/30/4 during two periods (12 and 24 h) to evaluate the enhancement of its Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids (HUFAs). This source was selected because of its high concentration of the longest chain HUFA's in the n-3 and n-6 series. When 24-h-old Artemia nauplii were enriched with 100 ppm concentration of ICES30/4 during 12 h enriching period, the docosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) contents of the nauplii increased to 0.77, 1.22 and 0.34 and when enriched with 300 ppm during 24 h increased to 5.99, 4.97 and 0.73 mg g(-1) dry weight, respectively. DHA, EPA and ARA in control nauplii were 0.00, 0.82 and 0.61 mg g(-1) dryweight, respectively. Total lipid increased from 16.79% in control group to 20.87% in the treatment ICES30/4 24-300. The results suggest that high amount of emulsion and prolong the enriching period are effective in enriching Artemia nauplii in both DHA and EPA increasingly (p < 0.05) but in other fatty acids, there are differences only among period treatments (p < 0.05) and concentration are not any increasing effective. There are only differences among concentration treatments in total lipid p < 0.05) and enriching period do not show any differences

Effects of Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana microalgae added in biofloc system on body composition and sensory evaluation of fillets in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Biofloc technology is a technique to maintain water quality by absorbing water nitrogen and converting it into the microbial protein. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding Nannochloropsis oculata and Isochrysis galbana on biochemical composition of biofloc and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillet. This study was carried out using 5 treatments including control (T1), biofloc group (T2), treatments containing biofloc and N. oculata (T3), biofloc and I. galbana (T4), and biofloc and combination of both algae (T5) on Nile tilapia with a density of 15 fish per tank (with water intake volume of 150 liters) and in the system without water exchange in a period of 60 days. According to the results, the highest values of fish fillet fat were obtained in the treatments containing biofloc (p0.05); however, significantly highest compared to the control (p0.05). Also, the highest amount of carbohydrates was observed in the control group (p0.05). Using 75% of the feeding required for tilapia in the biofloc system caused an elevation in body protein compared to the control treatment. In addition, the amount of fat also upraised due to the employment of this system. Using single-celled algae resulted in an increase in the amount of biofloc and an effect on the composition of Nile tilapia fish fillets

Effect of enriched Artemia urmiana on growth, survival and composition of larval Persian sturgeon

Recently, the nutritional requirements of marine finfish larvae have received considerable attention, and studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affects on the growth and survival of marine finfish larvae. We investigated the effects of different Artemia diets containing variable amounts of DHA on the growth and survival of larval Acipenser persicus. Four different commercial Artemia enrichment formulations were used: ICES30/4, Sturgeon Ovary Oil (SOO), Cod Liver Oil (CLO) and Linseed Oil (LO). The resultant Artemia contained a different 45 L concentration of DHA (0.00-5.99mg/g DW) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (0.69-4.97 mg/g DW). Seventy-five aquaria were used with three replicates per treatment. Larvae were fed with Artemia from 3 to 20 days after active feeding at 250 prey L-1. At the end of the experiment, total length and wet weight of fish larvae showed significant differences among treatments (P0.05). However, larvae reared on LO were of significantly higher dry weight than larvae reared with ICES30/4 and SOO. Survival in fish larvae fed with SOO Artemia enriched (93.3±1.6%) was significantly higher than ICES30/4 and LO (P0.05). Protein/ lipid ratio in larvae enriched with CLO showed significant differences with other treatments(P>0.05). DHA/EPA ratio in the larvae fed with ICES30/4 (1.11±0.00) was the highest among the treatments. This study resulted that the requirement of the Persian sturgeon larvae to dietary DHA and EPA; is high also, our results showed that there is a positive effect of Artemia DHA proportions on growth and survival rates

Monitoring of Artemia stocks in Urmia lake

Monitoring of Artemia Stock in Urmia Lake ( with less than 5 billion m^3 ), between 2001-2003 in order to survey of Artemia population dynamic and some water abiotic factors such as WT , salinity and transparency using Thermometer, refractometer and secchi disk, were done monthly. Phytoplankton with Rotner sampling device and Artemia (different life stages) were sampled by planktonic net from 7 suit stations(3 layers, surface, 2.5 and 5 meters with 3 replications) which were selected from 12 sites used in previous Artemia stock assessment project Graphs drawed by excel software in different layers , months and separation between north and southern parts of the Lake(±SD ,SE), showed WT fluctuated from 3 degree centigrade in December 2001 to 29 degree in November 2003 with the same changes in different layers. Salinities from 290 ppt in autumn 2001 to 340 ppt in summer of 2003 increased. Northern part of the lake had higher salinity than the southern. There were not any differences between different layers in salinity changes, transparency were as the depth of water and there were no any phytoplankton in samples. Number of cysts in surface was 1933±850, in northern part 1782±998 and in southern 2032±1061. At 2.5 meter depth 327±110T 229±107 and 363±110 cysts were counted respectively. At 5 meter depth there were 419±124, 181±62 and 282±65. Other numbers of biological stages were counted as cysts in three layers, north and southern parts of the lake. Data concluded that cysts and biomass were dominated in southern part but at surface and 2.5 meter depth respectively

Evaluation of artemia stock in Urmia lake

Stock assessment of Urmia Lake Artemia between 2000-2001 revealed intense decreasing cysts and biomass compared the previous years. Reducing annual rain falling from 32 to 18 cm in west Azarbayjan province lowered fresh water entrance from 4 billion m3 to 1.8 billion m3 to the lake as in 2001 the water volume reached to 6 billion m3 . Decreasing more than 2 billion m3 water volume of the lake per year with increasing the evaporation rate and existence of 5 billion tons salt inside the lake increased water salinity from 17% (1999) to 23.3% (2001) with max- min range of 250-258 ppt without any differences between the seasons. Mean transparency measured with Sechi disk was 138 cm (maximum 215 in Autumn and minimum 51 cm in Spring). Annual mean of water temperature 15 with fluctuation of 6 in winter to 22.13 in Autumn. this study, Artemia (different life stages) and phytoplankton were sampled by planktonic net from 12 suit stations which were selected from 36 sites used in previous Artemia stock assessment project done by Gent University, 1995. Phytoplankton sample identified and counted using identifying key and microscopic study. Results showed that in winter, the number of cysts per cubic meter 756 (minimum) and 2015 (maximum) in Autumn, with annual mean of 1000.m-3. Minimum 0.7 g.m-3 biomass wet weight (without cysts) were obtain in winter while the maximum (9.22 g.m-3) was in spring. The numbers of different nauplii stages per cubic meter with range of 0.03 in winter to 9.22 in spring( mean of 2.46) and juvenile stage per cubic meter were between 0.05 in winter to 1.16 in spring( mean= 0.66). It's showed higher percentage of larval stages in spring toward to higher juvenile and adults stages in summer to mid-autumn. Only Dunaliella and Nitzschia were identified but Dunaliella was dominated ( 95% of total identified phytoplankton with higher abundance, 31000 cells.L-1 in spring season(especially in May and June). Total biomass concluding cysts in studied year was 2700 tons( 30 tons cysts and 2670 tons other biomass which with 10% harvestable biomass, 3 tons cysts and 267 tons other biomass could be harvested without any diverse effects on Artemia stock. Cysts and biomass were found more in central to southern part of the lake. The best season for cysts harvesting were Autumn follow by Spring and for biomass harvest were Summer follow by Autumn

Determination of nutritional requirements of kutum fish (Rutilus frissi kutum) fingerling

Three experiments carried out to determine optimize level of crude protein, lipid and gross energy requirements of Kutum fish (Rutilus frissi kutum) fingerling. A completly randomized design consisted of 4 treatments with triplicates which those was used with four experimental dietary crude protein levels (35, 40. 45 and 50% CP), Four crude lipid levels (8, 12, 16 and 20%) and four gross energy levels (4250, 4500, 4750 and 5000 k cal/kg of diet) being tested separately. Kutum fish fingerling averaging 1067 ± 98 mg,,2378 ± 185 mg, and 1067 ± 143 mg respectively and stocked with density of 20 fish at volum 80 liters. Fish fed with 3% of wet body weight at three times, 9 am, 12 am and 4 pm. The following performance parameters were evaluated final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein effieciency ratio and condition factor. Fish fed diets 40% CP, 20% CL and 4500 K Cal/kg Gross energy could meet the nutritional requierments of kutum fish fingerling

An investigation effect of seaweeds as shrimp -feed ingredient for growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei

In this project, the nutritional effects of Sargassum illicifolium Chabahar bay-Oman Sea, on growth and survival rates of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. The seaweed collected from 6 coastal area, rinsed, dried, powdered and measured the nutritional values in laboratory for surveying statistically. According to the high nutritional value of Tis coastal seaweed, this variate seaweed powder, replaced with protein resources (fish meal and Soy and Wheat) of whiteleg shrimp feed which was formulated by Havorash feed factory of Boshehr in four treatments (A: as control without any replacement) B: with 5%, C: 10 % and D: 15% seaweed replacement, each with three replicates in order to obtain isonitrogenus 33% CP., and Isocaloric (13% fat and 15% carbohydrate) feed. The weighed milled ingredients were carefully mixed using a laboratory food mixer. The mixtures were primed with 30% hot water to yield a suitable pulp. Wet diets were made into 2 mm pellet size and dried at 40 °C in a drying cabinet and maintained in standard condition which was used according to daily need shrimp, calculated by each 10 days biometry. Water stability and absorbtion capacity of the pellets in sea water were measured and compared statistically. Juvenile shrimps (Initial body weight =3 g) brought from Jask hatchery, acclimazed for one week in Chabahar hatchery condition and feeding daily 3-5% body weight. Abiotical parameters and weight and length biometrics were measured two days and 10 days, respectively. After 45 days and final biometry, FCR, CF, SGR, caracas analysis, muscle colourimetery with HPLC were done, tasted with pp Plot for determining the parametric data and statistically differences using one – way ANOVA, Duncan test of SPSS software. The Tis coastal seaweed with 9.8% CP, 2% lipid and 23% carbohydrate had higher nutritional value compared to the other gathered seaweed. Also amino acid and fatty acid profiles, vitamins and minerals were measured in all seaweed samples each, with three replications. As result, the water stability of D feed treatment in seawater (98%) and C (97%) had statistical differences with A and B (95% stability) (P0.05) but Cholestrol content of, showed differences between all, significantly (P<0.05) which was the highest (121.68±12.12) in D and the lowest in A (147.92±11.02). Feed treatment D and C performed colour changes pink partial orang and pink in shrimp muscle with no any difference compared to white and none colour in shrimp were fed B and A feed treatments . It seems this colour changing can be playing a major role in market acceptability

Responsible aquaculture: feeding management and preparation of guidelines

In this study, data were gathered from library research, discussing with feed and feeding experts in warm and cold water fish farms and also from research project implemented by executer. Standardization on selection of materials and ingredients percentage in order to prepare dry pellet feed for these two kind of cultured fishes emphasized on proximate composition energy, carbohydrate, protein with amino acids profile, lipid with fatty acid profile, minerals and vitamins and also feeding frequency, kind of feed pellet manufacture were codified environmental friendly, according to responsible aquaculture. On the other hand, feed color, taste, smell, their attraction and the best physico-chemical condition for storing of in order to get optimum result of responsible aquaculture were recorded