Correlation between the atlas morphology and the maxillo-mandibular divergence pattern

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between atlas morphology and maxillo-mandibular divergence.Study design: Cross-sectional, analytic study.Place and duration of study: Dental Clinics, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from February to August 2017.Methodology: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 208 subjects, aged 18 to 25 years, were evaluated. The atlas parameters were categorized into atlas dorsum, anteroposterior and ventrum, and measured on View Pro-X software. Various maxillary (FPPP, SNPP and FHPP angles) and mandibular (SNGoGn, saddle, articulare, gonial, sum of posterior and Y-axis angles) parameters were used to evaluate the divergence pattern of the individuals. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare atlas and maxillo-mandibular parameters between genders. Spearman correlation was used to correlate atlas and maxillo-mandibular parameters across genders. A p-value \u3c0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Statistically significant differences were found between various atlas and maxillo-mandibular parameters between genders. With atlas dorsum, the saddle angle (r = -0.3) in males; whereas gonial (r = -0.2), Y-axis (r = 0.1) and SNPP (r = -0.2) angles in females showed significant weak correlation. With atlas anteroposterior, saddle (r = -0.2), articulare (r = 0.2), SNPP (r = -0.2) and FHPP (r = -0.3) angles in males showed significant weak correlation. However, only the SNPP angle (r = -0.2) in females showed a significant weak correlation with atlas ventrum.Conclusion: A weak correlation was found between atlas parameters and various maxillo-mandibular angular parameters in both genders. Therefore, atlas morphology cannot be regarded as a good predictor of future maxillo-mandibular divergence pattern

Assessment of dental maturation on orthopantomograms among children with various dental malocclusions at a tertiary care hospital

Objectives: To determine and compare the median dental age among males and females and in subjects with dental Class I, II and III malocclusions.Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital and comprised dental records of patients from July to December 2016 who were aged 9-16 years and had complete dentition excluding third molars. The sample was divided according to dental malocclusion which was further categorised according to chronological age groups. SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.Results: Of the 270 sbjects whose radiographs were studied, 135(50%) each were males and females. Children aged 11-12 years showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.03) in the median dental age among genders. There was a strong positive correlation in the dental and chronological ages in the males (p\u3c0.001) and females (p\u3c0.001) sample. Median time of eruption of mandibular second permanent molar in different malocclusions was 11 years and 2 months.Conclusion: There was a strong positive correlation between chronological and dental ages for males and females. Females subjects were dentally advanced compared to the male subjects aged 11-12 years

Reliability and validity of maxillary and sphenoid Sinus morphological variations in the assessment of skeletal maturity

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed at assessing the relationship between growth changes in maxillary (MS) and sphenoid sinus (SS) and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and to evaluate their reliability and validity in assessing the skeletal maturity of an individual. METHODS: A crosssectional study was conducted on the pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 224 patients (males=116, females=108) aged 8-17 years. MS and SS heights, widths and indices were evaluated. The subjects were classified according to six stages based on CVM using Baccetti\u27s method. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare MS and SS measurements at different cervical stages for each gender. Kappa statistics, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity were calculated to test the diagnostic accuracy of MS and SS indices. RESULTS: The MS and SS indices varied significantly (p\u3c0.001) at different cervical stages for both gender. Kappa statistics showed significant agreement using MS (p\u3c0.001) and SS indices (p\u3c0.05). The diagnostic performance of MS index (Sensitivity ≥71%) was found to be better than SS index (Sensitivity ≥65%).. CONCLUSIONS: The MS height, width and index in genders and SS height, width and index in males and only SS width and index in females were significantly associated with the CVM stages. The validity of MS and SS indices were comparable for females; whereas, the MS index offers significant advantage over SS index for the assessment of growth status of males

"Ebû Hafs en-Nesefî'nin et-Teysîr fi't-tefsîr adlı eserinde Kur'ân âyetlerine beyan ilmi açısından yaklaşımı (El-Bakara ve Âl-i İmrân örneği)"

Arap dilinin edebi yönü, Kur'ân tefsirinde göz önünde bulundurulması gereken başlıca etkenlerden bir tanesidir. Bundan dolayı doğuşundan itibaren tefsir ilmi, belâgat ilmi ile paralel bir seyir izlemiş, pek çok müfessir kuran tefsirinde ayetlerin dilsel ve edebi yönü üzerinde durmuştur. Çünkü Kur'ân'ın icâz yönü, belâgat açısından erişilmez bir zirvede olmasından ve Araplara bu yönüyle meydan okumasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ebû Hafs en-Nesefi'nin et-Teysîr fî't-tefsîr adlı eserinde beyân ilmi açısından Kur'ân âyetlerinin edebî yönüne yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda Nesefî'nin Bakara ve Ali İmrân surelerinde yer alan âyetlere beyan ilmi açısından yaklaşımı incelenmiştir. Nesefî'nin kinayeyi ikiye ayırması, bütüncül bir yaklaşımla Kur'ân âyetlerini dilsel, aklî ve fıkhî yönleriyle yorumlamaya çalışması onu diğer müfessirlerden ayıran belirgin özellikler olarak öne çıkmıştır.This research paper and field of study did investigate and examine the full eloquent efforts for Imam Abo Hafis in interpretation. May he rest in peace! With doubt Rhetoric is an interesting for study and research as this field can include numerous fields of study and research for all various yet several fields of knowledge in order to seek an interpretation of the HOLY QURAN (Qur'ān) and go further with full depth in these fields of study. Since this remarkable and astounding field has started، other fields of go hand in hand with the Arabic yet keeping in mind the usage of vocabulary and rhetoric as well. Most researchers have utilized this method in order to have full interpretation of the HOLY QURAN (Qur'ān) by having and understanding of the interpretation of the words and vocabulary. HOLY QURAN (Qur'ān) remains "I'jaz" in Arabic or "Inimitability" in English the doctrine that simply shows that the Qur'ān has no inimitability in form and content yet bearing in mind that there is no any human speech or intercourse can or be a match. This research paper and field of study has examined and analyzed the method that Imam Abo Hafis used in order to show how vocabularies were used within the verses and including Al-Baqarah Surah and Al Imran Surah as well. One of the important issues that emerged through this study is Abu Hafs al-Nasfi's division of the metonymy term into two concepts

M5' and Mars Based Prediction Models for Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Fly Ash

The main purpose of this paper is to predict the properties (mechanical and rheological) of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) containing fly ash as cement replacement by using two decision tree algorithms: M5′ and Multivariate adaptive regression splines (Mars). The M5′ algorithm as a rule based method is used to develop new practical equations while the MARS algorithm besides its high predictive ability is used to determine the most important parameters. To achieve this purpose, a data set containing 114 data points related to effective parameters affect on SSC properties is used. A gamma test is employed to determine the most effective parameters in prediction of the compressive strength at 28 days, the V-funnel time, the slump flow, and the L-box ratio of SCC. The results from this study suggests that tree based models perform remarkably well in predicting the properties of the self-compacting concrete containing fly ash as cement replacement.&nbsp

Improving PRESENT lightweight algorithms

Lightweight block cipher algorithms are vital for constrained environment. Substitution box (S-box) is the essential constituent of many lightweight block cipher algorithms and it is the only nonlinear part. It is proficient to create confusion in the plaintext during the process of encryption. In this research, a new way of key dependent S-box is proposed by choosing one S-box out of 16 good S-boxes. Preliminary analysis of linear and differential cryptanalysis is showing that the proposed alg

Improving the security of LBlock lightweight algorithm using bit permutation

Lightweight block cipher algorithms are important for constrained environment. LBlock uses word permutation to do the diffusion while this research uses bit permutation to increase the number of active Substitution box (S-box). The number of active S-box is a regular method to evaluate the security against linear and differential attacks. The bit permutation method is described in this research with analysis and discussion. The preliminary results show that the proposed algorithm has 32 active S-box for 13 rounds which is higher than 32 active S-box for 15 rounds of LBlock algorithm. Also, we can conclude that the proposed algorithm is better than LBlock algorithm in the perspective of security

How portable is social security for migrant workers?

This paper reviews the literature on the portability of social security entitlements for migrant workers, who moved along North-North, South- North, and South-South migration flows. Portability of social security entitlements is the ability of migrant workers to preserve, maintain, and transfer benefits of social security programmes spatially and socially, among their families. The paper uses a gender perspective where possible as part of an intersectional approach. We find that North-North migrants have the best access to social protection and portability, due to generally higher income of migrants, the inter-governmental agreements and developed administrative capacities in the North. There is limited coordination between South/origin and North/destination countries on the portability of social entitlements (such as pensions) of South-North migrants. In general, these migrants are dealing with immigration discourses and discriminatory policies that treat them as second class citizens, even as they are providing much-needed labour to their host countries and contribute to their economy. This hinders bilateral agreements on social security portability. South-South migrants are seeing new regional mechanisms addressing portability. However, beyond legal agreements, many of the impacts of these mechanisms are not yet known. Knowledge gaps in the landscape of research on the portability of social security entitlements for migrant workers that future research should address relate to internal migration and South-South migration, the role of gender and other social identities, migrants' occupations as well as the legality of workers' immigration status

Meconium stained liquor and its neonatal outcome

Objective: To determine the maternal factors and neonatal outcome of pregnancy complicated by meconium stained amniotic fluid. Methods: This one year retrospective study was conducted at the Agha Khan Hospital for Women-Garden Campus, it is a secondary care private teaching hospital. Demographics information included gestational age, gender and birth weight of baby, medical and obstetric complications during pregnancy, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome (Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) and need for admission in nursery) were recorded on a pre-designed proforma. Results: In our study the frequency of meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) was 7.85%, out of them 12 % babies developed MAS. There was significant association between grades of meconium and MAS, babies with thick meconium were prone to develop MAS (P = 0.02). Emergency cesarean section was significantly associated with MAS. Gestational diabetes (GDM) and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) were the significant factors associated with MAS. Conclusion: Thick Meconium stained amniotic fluid was associated with low APGAR score, high rate of emergency cesarean section and meconium aspiration syndrome. Anemia during pregnancy, PIH and GDM were important risk factor associated with MAS

Application of new biomedical materials in orthodontic appliances

This review article describes the application and characteristics of certain biomedical materials in orthodontic appliances. The elastic recoil of shape memory polymers, determination of the forces and moments experienced by the brackets and eventually by the tooth, reduction in treatment time by employing self-healing smart brackets and decreased enamel lost during debonding due to usage of biomimetic adhesives such as dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is discussed. Increased plaque retention and microbial attachment around brackets and teeth is of profound concern and by utilisation of hydrophobic properties of self-cleaning materials, this can be reduced significantly. Implantation of bioresorbable temporary anchorage devices, which resorb once their purpose is accomplished and increasing the concentration of fluoride in the oral environment to counter the deleterious consequences of orthodontic treatment such as white spot lesions and caries, are also discussed brief