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Not AvailableWind erosion is the most noticeable land degradation process in the hot arid region of India that covers about 16% of the geographical area of India. It results into loss of considerable amount of nutrient-rich particles from the region. Field investigations were carried out in a rangeland site located at Jaisalmer centre of Central Arid Zone Research Institute in the province of western Rajasthan to quantify the nutrient loss through wind erosion. The aeolian mass fluxes (M L-2 T-1) were collected at four different heights: 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, and 2 m above land surface. Analysis of eroded soil was performed using Foss Heraeus CHN-O-rapid elemental analyzer. The results have revealed an average loss of 4 g C kg-1 and 0.37 g N kg-1. Present study shows that the C and N content in eroded soils were highest during the month of July and the accumulated annual loss was approximated as 45.9 kg C ha-1 and 4.3 kg N ha-1. To mitigate such appreciable soil nutrient losses through wind erosion, suitable rangeland utilization practices, which can help to retain the soil health and would also support the crop/grassland productivity in arid ecosystem, need to be evolved on priority.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWind erosion is the most noticeable land degradation process in the hot arid region of India that covers about 16% of the geographical area of India. It results into loss of considerable amount of nutrient-rich particles from the region. Field investigations were carried out in a rangeland site located at Jaisalmer centre of Central Arid Zone Research Institute in the province of western Rajasthan to quantify the nutrient loss through wind erosion. The aeolian mass fluxes (M L-2 T-1) were collected at four different heights: 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, and 2 m above land surface. Analysis of eroded soil was performed using Foss Heraeus CHN-O-rapid elemental analyzer. The results have revealed an average loss of 4 g C kg-1 and 0.37 g N kg-1. Present study shows that the C and N content in eroded soils were highest during the month of July and the accumulated annual loss was approximated as 45.9 kg C ha-1 and 4.3 kg N ha-1. To mitigate such appreciable soil nutrient losses through wind erosion, suitable rangeland utilization practices, which can help to retain the soil health and would also support the crop/grassland productivity in arid ecosystem, need to be evolved on priority.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSoil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest among three major carbon pools of global ecosystems. During the past few years, global warming and forcible land-use changes have resulted in a huge loss of this major carbon pool and as a consequence, concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased. To mitigate the potential risks arising from atmospheric abundance of CO2, adoption of carbon sequestration strategies at different landscape scales is a major option. For this purpose, proper estimates of SOC stock per unit area are essential. In this study, we have estimated the SOC stock of a typical agricultural farm from hot arid ecosystem of India and also its spatial variation within the farm. The surface map of the SOC stock revealed that introduction of cultivation practices in fragile lands of the desert region has resulted in huge depletion of soil carbon. For example, the SOC stock of 10- years cultivated plots was found to be almost half of the SOC stock of recently cultivated plots of the farm. The results also showed that previous reports on large-scale estimates of SOC stock for hot arid region of India do not match with the current estimate from a farm scale of the same region. Consideration of spatial variation of SOC during calculation of SOC stock has helped us prepare a surface map of SOC stock of the farm, which may further be used as an essential requirement for implementation of site-specific carbon sequestration strategies and proper carbon credit programmes in the agricultural farms of India.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) which causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), by infecting CD4+ immune cells and hence weakening the host defense mechanism till death, is one of the major factor responsible for human demises worldwide. Both innate (monocytes and macrophages) and adaptive (T cells) immune cells expresses chemokines receptors (2 and 5) and stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) which play crucial role in HIV-1 virus entry and progression. Allele variants of genes CCR5 (CCR5-Δ32), CCR2 (CCR2-64I) and SDF1 (SDFA-3′A; the ligand of CXCR4) are known to slow down the HIV-1 progression in infected individual. In the present study, the frequency of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A alleles in primitive tribe (Baiga) and a non-primitive tribe (Gond) of central India were investigated. A total 200 seronegative samples for HIV from healthy individuals of tribes were analyzed and observed allele frequencies of CCR5-Δ32, CCR2-64I and SDF1-3′A were (0, 0.035, 0.080) and (0, 0.110, 0.100) in Baiga and Gond respectively. Minor allele frequency of these alleles of Gond and Baiga tribes were compared with different populations of the world for relative hazard (RH), which indicate the risk of progression after infection of HIV1. The RH values were calculated based on genotypic frequency, showed the high RH value (RH1-AIDS1993-0.98, RH2-AIDS1987-0.98 and death/RH3-0.97) in Baiga tribe, indicates the low level of resistance against HIV-1 progression after infection.Not Availabl

Descriptive epidemiology of 30,223 histopathologically confirmed meningiomas in France: 2006–2015

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