15 research outputs found
The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010â19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 riskâoutcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01â4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0â116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3â48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1â45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60â3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8â54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36â1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5â41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6â28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8â25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9â42·8] and 33·3% [25·8â42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden
Structure du modĂšle S.W.M.M. : Ă©tude de performance de ce modĂšle sur le bassin versant des oueds Roriche et Guereb (Tunis)
RĂ©gionalisation de lâenvasement des lacs collinaires au niveau de la dorsale tunisienne
La mesure de lâenvasement des petites retenues prĂ©sente un intĂ©rĂȘt certain pour la gestion et lâexploitation des lacs collinaires. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude est de contribuer Ă la quantification des sĂ©diments et principalement le dĂ©pĂŽt solide dans les retenues pour la gestion durable des ouvrages hydrauliques, dâaccroĂźtre leur durĂ©e de vie et de rĂ©duire les coĂ»ts de rĂ©alisation. LâĂ©tude porte sur un Ă©chantillon de 23 lacs collinaires situĂ©s en zones semi-arides, rĂ©partis sur la dorsale tunisienne. Lâidentification des caractĂ©ristiques hydro morphiques (indice de forme, indice de pente globale, coefficient dâĂ©coulement...) et lâĂ©valuation des volumes de sĂ©diments Ă partir des mesures topo bathymĂ©triques Ă des dates diffĂ©rentes montrent une perte dans la capacitĂ© initiale du volume Ă stocker, soit 2,9% de la perte en volume total en moyenne par an, qui arrive Ă la limite de la durĂ©e de vie pour certains lacs collinaires. Ces donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© exploitĂ©es dans lâobjectif de classifier ces lacs collinaires et faire une rĂ©gionalisation de lâenvasement. Cette Ă©tude rentre dans le cadre de la stratĂ©gie nationale en Tunisie qui consiste Ă construire principalement mille lacs collinaires, 203 barrages collinaires ainsi que de grands barrages en terre. Nous avons fondĂ© notre Ă©tude et approche afin dâidentifier des groupes de lacs ayant le mĂȘme comportement vis Ă vis du dĂ©pĂŽt de sĂ©diments. Deux mĂ©thodes de classification des lacs collinaires ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es. La premiĂšre mĂ©thode consiste Ă dĂ©terminer graphiquement, en utilisant la rĂ©gression, les liens prĂ©fĂ©rentiels entre la sĂ©dimentation et les diffĂ©rents facteurs hydro-morphomĂ©triques, lâoccupation du sol et la superficie. On distingue un facteur dĂ©terminant : le coefficient dâĂ©coulement. Ce dernier a permis de mettre au point une classification des lacs collinaires en fonction du contexte gĂ©ographique. Deux classes ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©es. La premiĂšre classe prĂ©sente des bassins caractĂ©risĂ©s par de fortes valeurs des coefficients dâĂ©coulement et des taux dâabrasion. La seconde caractĂ©rise les bassins dont les caractĂ©ristiques ne prĂ©sentent aucun caractĂšre particulier sauf pour les faibles valeurs des coefficients dâĂ©coulement. Cette classification a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ©e par lâanalyse en composantes principales, deuxiĂšme mĂ©thode, des donnĂ©es hydro-morphomĂ©triques des lacs Ă©tudiĂ©s
Critical phenomena and estimation of the spontaneous magnetization by the analysis of the magnetic entropy change for the Nd 0.6 Sr 0.3 Ca 0.1 Mn 0.975 Fe 0.025 O 3 manganite
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