31 research outputs found

    Traitement Des Phosphates Naturels De Tahoua (Niger) Par Quelques Acides Conventionnels

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    Within the framework of upgrading natural phosphate of Tahoua, a study was carried out on the dissolution of ore by inorganic acid (sulfuric acid, nitric acid) and organic acid (citric acid) solutions according to pH and attack time. The obtained results show a sudden drop of dissolution rate at pH above 2 and a dissolution almost zero beyond pH 4. The kinetic study shows fast dissolution of ore one hour after the attack. However, this dissolution is slow beyond one hour with few dissolved phosphorus during a relatively high period of time. Furthermore, the sulfuric acid solutions dissolve the ore better than those of citric and nitric acid: 41.07%; 37.03% and 35.64% of dissolved phosphorus respectively for sulfuric, citric and nitric acid solutions at the concentration of 1mol/L

    Regeneration and Preliminary Characterization of Asian and African Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) Germplasm

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    The morphological variability of 56 okra (Abelmoschus spp.) Accessions was evaluated over two years (2008 and 2009). Ten (10) agromorphological characters were evaluated in the Sadoré station in Niger. The hierarchical ascendant classification (CAH) and the discriminant factor analysis (AFD) revealed four groups (GI, GII, GIII and GIV). The accessions in groups I and IV have high values of Lfm, Dfm, Height, and Nloc, Nepi and cons by low values. However, Flo or Fruct values are relatively higher in accessions of group III and IV than in accessions of group I. Similarly, accessions of group II have higher values in Flo and Fruct than group II. However, accessions of group II are much later in terms of which accessions in group I, which, in turn, have lower values in Flo and Fruct, so these are compared to those of Group II. The results show that the most discriminating variables that make it possible to describe Variability among the groups identified are the diameter of mature fruits (Dfm), Plant height (Height) and branch of plant number (Nbrch). The characters analyzed can thus constitute basic criteria to differentiate accessions from other regions of West Africa and serve for a study of variability between the remains of okra accessions collected in Niger. Opportunities for improvement can also be considered to identify varieties that have a high adaptive potential due to climate change

    Influence De La GĂ©omorphologie Sur La Distribution Spatiale Des Peuplements De Boscia Senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir. Dans La Commune Rurale De Simiri (Ouest Niger)

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    B. senegalensis is a species with broad geographic distribution in the Sahel, especially in Niger, thanks to its special anatomical structures to withstand drought, high temperatures and poor soils. It presents and a heterogeneous distribution in the following areas topographic levels characteristic of the western Niger. This paper aimed to assess the distribution of B. senegalensis and its relationship with woody species through the description of the spatial structure of the point process following toposequences by Ripley's method stands. The study highlighted the gregarious distribution of B. senegalensis and the close relationship between B. senegalensis and other species. Indeed, the species is in competition with other species on the plateau where water resources are scarce. But B. senegalensis tolerate these species on the slopes and in the shallows where water resources are relatively large

    Prise en Charge des Appendicites Compliquées de l’Adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey

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    Objectif : rapporter les rĂ©sultats de la prise en charge des appendicites compliquĂ©es chez l’adulte Ă  l’HĂ´pital National de Niamey (HNN). Patients et mĂ©thode : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective, descriptive et analytique sur 10 ans incluant tous les patients âgĂ©s de plus de 15 ans qui avaient Ă©tĂ© pris en charge pour appendicites compliquĂ©es Ă  l’HNN. RĂ©sultats : durant la pĂ©riode de l’étude 8127 urgences abdominales avaient Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es dont 1837 d’origine appendiculaire, parmi elles 512 Ă©taient des appendicites compliquĂ©es (AC), soit 6, 30% des urgences abdominales et 27, 87% des appendicites. Il s’agissait de 337 (65, 82%) hommes et 175 (34, 18 %) femmes ; soit un sex ratio de 1, 92. L’âge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 32, 83 [±14, 50] ans avec des extrĂŞmes de 16 ans et de 90 ans. Le dĂ©lai moyen d’admission Ă©tait de 6 [±3, 82] jours avec des extrĂŞmes de 1 et de 14 jours. Les AC retrouvĂ©es Ă©taient la pĂ©ritonite appendiculaire dans 74, 02% des cas (n =379) suivie de l’abcès appendiculaire dans 21, 48% des cas (n=110) et du plastron appendiculaire dans 4, 5%(n=23) des cas. Le traitement avait Ă©tĂ© opĂ©ratoire dans 95, 5% des cas (n = 489). La voie d’abord utilisĂ©e Ă©tait la laparotomie mĂ©diane dans 81, 05% des cas (n=415) et l’appendice Ă©tait gangrĂ©nĂ© dans 95, 70% des cas (n=490) Ă  l’exploration. Le geste le plus rĂ©alisĂ© Ă©tait l’appendicectomie dans 89, 84% des cas (n= 460). La durĂ©e moyenne d’hospitalisation Ă©tait de 9 [±10, 61] jours avec des extrĂŞmes d’un et de 76 jours. La morbimortalitĂ© globale Ă©tait de 11, 52% avec 9, 96% de suppuration pariĂ©tale (n=51) et une mortalitĂ© de 1, 56% (n = 8) tous enregistrĂ©s parmi les cas de pĂ©ritonite appendiculaire. Il existe une corrĂ©lation significative entre le type de complications et le dĂ©lai d’admission (P=0, 00001).  Conclusion : Les appendicites compliquĂ©es sont frĂ©quentes Ă  l’HNN avec une morbimortalitĂ© importante. Le retard de la prise en charge constitue un facteur influencant la survenue des complications.   Objective: to report the results of the management of complicated appendicitis in adults at the National Hospital of Niamey (NHN). Patients and method: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over 10 years including all patients over the age of 15 who had been treated for complicated appendicitis at NHN. Results: during the study period, 8127 abdominal emergencies were recorded, of which 1837 were of appendicular origin, among them 512 were complicated appendicitis, i.e. 6.30% of abdominal emergencies and 27.87% of appendicitis. These were 337 (65.82%) men and 175 (34.18%) women; i.e. a sex ratio of 1.92. The mean age of the patients was 32.83 [±14.50] years with extremes of 16 and 90 years. The average admission time was 6 [±3.82] days with extremes of 1 and 14 days. Complicated appendicitis found was appendicular peritonitis in 74.02% of cases (n=379) followed by appendicular abscess in 21.48% of cases (n=110) and appendicular plastron in 4.5% (n= 23) cases. The treatment was operative in 95.5% of cases (n = 489). The approach used was the midline laparotomy in 81.05% of cases (n=415) and the appendix was gangrenous in 95.70% of cases (n=490) on exploration. The most performed procedure was appendectomy in 89.84% of cases (n = 460). The average duration of hospitalization was 9 [±10.61] days with extremes of one and 76 days. The overall morbidity and mortality was 11.52% with 9.96% parietal suppuration (n=51) and a mortality of 1.56% (n=8) all recorded among the cases of appendicular peritonitis. There is a significant correlation between the type of complications and the admission time (P=0.00001). Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis is common in NHN with significant morbidity and mortality. Delay in treatment is a factor influencing the occurrence of complications

    Prise en Charge des Appendicites Compliquées de l’Adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey

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    Objectif : rapporter les rĂ©sultats de la prise en charge des appendicites compliquĂ©es chez l’adulte Ă  l’HĂ´pital National de Niamey (HNN). Patients et mĂ©thode : Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective, descriptive et analytique sur 10 ans incluant tous les patients âgĂ©s de plus de 15 ans qui avaient Ă©tĂ© pris en charge pour appendicites compliquĂ©es Ă  l’HNN. RĂ©sultats : durant la pĂ©riode de l’étude 8127 urgences abdominales avaient Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es dont 1837 d’origine appendiculaire, parmi elles 512 Ă©taient des appendicites compliquĂ©es (AC), soit 6, 30% des urgences abdominales et 27, 87% des appendicites. Il s’agissait de 337 (65, 82%) hommes et 175 (34, 18 %) femmes ; soit un sex ratio de 1, 92. L’âge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 32, 83 [±14, 50] ans avec des extrĂŞmes de 16 ans et de 90 ans. Le dĂ©lai moyen d’admission Ă©tait de 6 [±3, 82] jours avec des extrĂŞmes de 1 et de 14 jours. Les AC retrouvĂ©es Ă©taient la pĂ©ritonite appendiculaire dans 74, 02% des cas (n =379) suivie de l’abcès appendiculaire dans 21, 48% des cas (n=110) et du plastron appendiculaire dans 4, 5%(n=23) des cas. Le traitement avait Ă©tĂ© opĂ©ratoire dans 95, 5% des cas (n = 489). La voie d’abord utilisĂ©e Ă©tait la laparotomie mĂ©diane dans 81, 05% des cas (n=415) et l’appendice Ă©tait gangrĂ©nĂ© dans 95, 70% des cas (n=490) Ă  l’exploration. Le geste le plus rĂ©alisĂ© Ă©tait l’appendicectomie dans 89, 84% des cas (n= 460). La durĂ©e moyenne d’hospitalisation Ă©tait de 9 [±10, 61] jours avec des extrĂŞmes d’un et de 76 jours. La morbimortalitĂ© globale Ă©tait de 11, 52% avec 9, 96% de suppuration pariĂ©tale (n=51) et une mortalitĂ© de 1, 56% (n = 8) tous enregistrĂ©s parmi les cas de pĂ©ritonite appendiculaire. Il existe une corrĂ©lation significative entre le type de complications et le dĂ©lai d’admission (P=0, 00001).  Conclusion : Les appendicites compliquĂ©es sont frĂ©quentes Ă  l’HNN avec une morbimortalitĂ© importante. Le retard de la prise en charge constitue un facteur influencant la survenue des complications.   Objective: to report the results of the management of complicated appendicitis in adults at the National Hospital of Niamey (NHN). Patients and method: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over 10 years including all patients over the age of 15 who had been treated for complicated appendicitis at NHN. Results: during the study period, 8127 abdominal emergencies were recorded, of which 1837 were of appendicular origin, among them 512 were complicated appendicitis, i.e. 6.30% of abdominal emergencies and 27.87% of appendicitis. These were 337 (65.82%) men and 175 (34.18%) women; i.e. a sex ratio of 1.92. The mean age of the patients was 32.83 [±14.50] years with extremes of 16 and 90 years. The average admission time was 6 [±3.82] days with extremes of 1 and 14 days. Complicated appendicitis found was appendicular peritonitis in 74.02% of cases (n=379) followed by appendicular abscess in 21.48% of cases (n=110) and appendicular plastron in 4.5% (n= 23) cases. The treatment was operative in 95.5% of cases (n = 489). The approach used was the midline laparotomy in 81.05% of cases (n=415) and the appendix was gangrenous in 95.70% of cases (n=490) on exploration. The most performed procedure was appendectomy in 89.84% of cases (n = 460). The average duration of hospitalization was 9 [±10.61] days with extremes of one and 76 days. The overall morbidity and mortality was 11.52% with 9.96% parietal suppuration (n=51) and a mortality of 1.56% (n=8) all recorded among the cases of appendicular peritonitis. There is a significant correlation between the type of complications and the admission time (P=0.00001). Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis is common in NHN with significant morbidity and mortality. Delay in treatment is a factor influencing the occurrence of complications

    Caractérisation Phytochimique des Graines et des Pulpes de Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley Utilisées en Pharmacopée dans Sept (6) Régions du Niger

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    As part of the valorization of medicinal plants in Niger, a phytochemical study was carried out on the seeds and pulp of the species Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley harvested in six (6) regions. The objective was to perform a phytochemical characterization, determine their variability by region and determine the best extraction solvent. Thus, extraction with solvents of increasing polarities and phytochemical screening were carried out, using standard methods, on the various samples. The results obtained show that water is the best solvent for extracting phytocomposites from Lagenaria siceraria seeds and pulp. Extraction efficiency varies by region and solvent. Phytochemical triage tests, carried out on seeds and pulp, revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponosides, flavonoids, tannins, heterosides and an absence of leucoanthocyans, catechols and cyanidins in seed and pulp extracts from certain regions. These results could justify the traditional use of Lagenaria siceraria in the treatment of certain diseases.Dans le cadre de la valorisation des plantes médicinales du Niger, une étude phytochimique a été réalisée sur les graines et les pulpes de l’espèce Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley récoltée dans six (6) régions. L’objectif était de faire une caractérisation phytochimique, de déterminer leur variabilité selon les régions et de déterminer le meilleur solvant d’extraction. Ainsi, une extraction avec des solvants de polarités croissantes et un screening phytochimique ont été effectués, avec des méthodes standards, sur les différents échantillons. Lesrésultats obtenus montrent que l’eau est le meilleur solvant d’extraction des phytocomposés de graines et pulpes de Lagenaria siceraria. Le rendement d’extraction varie selon les régions et en fonction des solvants. Les tests de tri phytochimiques, réalisés sur les graines et pulpes, ont révélés la présence des alcaloïdes, des saponosides, des flavonoïdes, des tanins, des hétérosides et une absence des leucoanthocyanes, des catéchols et des cyanidines dans les extraits de graine et pulpe de certaines régions. Ces résultats pourraient justifiés l’utilisation traditionnelle de Lagenaria siceraria dans le traitement de certaines maladies

    Dénutrition Chez Les Patients Cancéreux À L’hôpital National De Niamey (Niger)

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    Introduction : La dénutrition est un problème fréquemment rencontré chez les patients suivis pour pathologie cancéreuse. Elle est d'origine multifactorielle et constitue un problème important compliquant la prise en charge de ces patients. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective et descriptive qui a été menée du 1 juillet au 30 Septembre auprès de patients cancéreux hospitalisés dans le service d’Oncohématologie de l’Hôpital National de Niamey. Le diagnostic de la dénutrition était posé sur la base de l’IMC, l’albuminémie et ou de la perte de poids. Résultats : La prévalence de la dénutrition était estimée à 66,70%. Tous avaient répondu aux critères de l’IMC, 54, 38% avaient une hypoalbuminémie et 82,40% avaient perdu du poids. Les tranches d’âge entre 0 et 15 ans et supérieure à 60 ans étaient les plus touchées avec respectivement 76,19% et 75%. Les cancers à haut risque de dénutrition étaient représentés par les tumeurs de la langue, de l’œsophage et les tumeurs pulmonaires. Cette dénutrition était d'origine multifactorielle, d'où l'importance de déterminer les différents facteurs de risque tels que : la nature de la tumeur, la durée d'hospitalisation, les facteurs cliniques (diarrhée, vomissement, anorexie, et douleur). Parmi les patients qui étaient dénutris sous chimiothérapie, 84,61% étaient dénutris après la troisième (3) cure. Seul l’âge était associé significativement avec la dénutrition (p<0,05). Sur la prise en charge nutritionnelle, six (6) patients seulement avaient bénéficié d’une alimentation entérale soit 5,9%. Aucun patient dénutri n’avait bénéficié d’une alimentation parentérale. Introduction: Undernutrition is a problem frequently encountered in patients followed for cancer pathology. It is of multifactorial origin and constitutes an important problem complicating the management of these patients. Methodology: This was a prospective and descriptive study which was conducted from July 1 to September 30 with cancer patients hospitalized in the Onco-Hematology department of Niamey National Hospital. The diagnosis of undernutrition was made on the basis of BMI, albuminemia and weight loss. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition was estimated at 66.70%. All had met the BMI criteria, 54, 38% had hypo albuminemia and 82.40% had lost weight. The age groups between 0 and 15 and over 60 were the most affected with 76.19% and 75% respectively. Cancers at high risk of undernutrition were represented by tumors of the tongue, esophagus and lung tumors. This undernutrition was of multifactorial origin, hence the importance of determining the various risk factors such as: the nature of the tumor, the duration of hospitalization, clinical factors (diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, and pain). Of the patients who were malnourished under chemotherapy, 84.61% were malnourished after the third (3) course of treatment. Only age was significantly associated with undernutrition (p <0.05). In terms of nutritional management, only six (6) patients had benefited from enteral nutrition, ie 5.9%. No malnourished patient had received parenteral nutrition

    Evaluation of the quality of "pure water" sold in Niamey, Niger

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    In recent years, sachet water known as "pure water" has gained the confidence of the Nigerien public because of its low price, availability, convenience, and quality perception by consumers. This study highlights the impact of storage on the quality of pure water sold in Niamey. Thus, eleven of the twelve analyzed physicochemical parameters have been monitored during six weeks of "pure water" storage in the sun and at laboratory ambient temperature. From the results obtained, the physicochemical parameters are in norms except the turbidity and the residual chlorine. On the Bacteriological plan, the total germs, the salmonellae, the fecal streptococci and the Escherichia coli have been identified. In addition, the monitoring of the evolution of the parameters analyzed during six weeks of storage revealed a change of the organoleptic quality that appears in the fourth week and a development of Escherichia Coli for the "pure water" exposed in the sun. This study showed, on the one hand, that these "pure water" would be unfit to the human consumption and on the other hand, their storage for a prolonged period and a high temperature affects their qualities. Les eaux conditionnées en sachet plastique, communément appelées "pure water", ont depuis quelques années, gagné la confiance du public nigérien en raison de leur faible prix, leur disponibilité, la commodité, et de la perception de qualité par les consommateurs. Ce travail étudie l’impact du stockage sur la qualité des "pure water" vendues à Niamey. Ainsi, onze parmi les douze paramètres physico-chimiques analysés ont été suivis pendant six semaines de stockage des "pure water" au soleil et à la température ambiante de laboratoire. A l’issue des résultats obtenus, les paramètres physico-chimiques sont dans les normes hormis la turbidité et le chlore résiduel. Sur le plan bactériologique, les germes totaux, les salmonelles, les streptocoques fécaux et les Escherichia colis ont été identifiés. Par ailleurs, le suivi de l’évolution des paramètres analysés pendant six semaines de stockage a révélé une altération de la qualité organoleptique qui se manifeste à la quatrième semaine et un développement des Escherichia colis pour les "pure water" exposées au soleil. Cette étude a montré, d’une part, que ces "pure water" seraient impropres à la consommation humaine et d’autre part, leur stockage pendant une période prolongée et une température élevée affecte leurs qualités

    Interet D’une Supplementation En Spiruline Chez Les Enfants Drepanocytaires Homozygotes A L’hopital National De Niamey. (Essai Clinique Randomise En Double Aveugle A Propos De 53 Cas)

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    Spirulina is a micro algae used for thousands of years due to its healing properties. We supplemented children suffering from sickle cell anemia in order to appreciate its impact on the anthropometrical and clinical parameters. It consisted of a randomized clinical double blind test which was carried during a period of 9 months. The study concerned 53 homozygotes children suffering from sickle cell anemia aged 6 months to 15 years. Also, they were visiting the National Hospital of Niamey for follow up. One group (28 children) received 5 g of spirulina daily, and the other group (25 children) received placebo. The aspects studied were: the number of hospitalizations and transfusions, the vaso-occlusive crisis, the body mass index, and the splenomegalia. We found that 84.90% of patients were hospitalized at least once and 45.3% of them have already been transfused. The average number of crisis has greatly decreased in the spirulina group from 2.75 before the study to 1.18 at the end of the study. This, thus, was observed when compared to 2.44 to 1.6 in the placebo group. We also noticed a decrease of the number of hospitalizations and the number of transfusions which is less important in the group supplemented with spirulina. In conclusion, this study showed that supplementation in spirulina had a significant impact on children suffering from sickle cell anemia. This is even despite the fact that the difference between the two groups is not significant in some cases

    Habitudes Alimentaires au Niger : Cartographie des Recettes Culinaires des MĂ©nages

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    Depuis la crise de 2005, les taux de personnes atteints de sous-nutrition Ă©voluent en dents de scie au Niger, d’oĂą la stratĂ©gie de l’état d’amĂ©liorer l’alimentation des populations pour y remĂ©dier.  La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  Ă©tablir, toutes les recettes alimentaires, leurs ingrĂ©dients et les aliments communĂ©ment consommĂ©s dans les mĂ©nages au Niger. Ces derniers ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©s auprès de plusieurs sources, rĂ©organisĂ©es dans une base de donnĂ©es suivant l’écriture du standard international « INFOODS Â». C’est ainsi, qu’un total de 518 recettes alimentaires a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ© dont 269 recettes Ă  base de cĂ©rĂ©ales, 36 de tubercules, 33 de lĂ©gumineuses, 15 pour les produits carnĂ©s, 3 Ă  base de laits et produits laitiers, 100 recettes de lĂ©gumes, 26 de lĂ©gumes feuilles pour les sauces, 31 recettes Ă  base de fruits, 1 Ă  base de noix et graines et 4 recettes Ă  base d’œufs. Les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es sont celles de bouillies de cĂ©rĂ©ales et mĂ©langes(145), et salades de lĂ©gumes (82) suivies des boules (27) et couscous de cĂ©rĂ©ales(26), sauces(26), purĂ©es de lĂ©gumes (25) et enfin les pates de cĂ©rĂ©ales(16), ragouts de tubercules(11), jus de fruits (14), cĂ©rĂ©ales cuites (7), pates de tubercules (5), beignets de cĂ©rĂ©ales(5), jus de lĂ©gumes(5), galettes de cĂ©rĂ©ales (6), couscous de lĂ©gumineuses (6), farines (5), fritures de tubercules,(5), grillades de produits carnĂ©s(8), biscuits de lĂ©gumineuses (6), et les gâteaux de cĂ©rĂ©ales (7). Cette copulation des recettes constitue Ă  travers l’élaboration d’un dictionnaire de code de recettes alimentaires et aliments, le point de dĂ©part de la première Ă©tape de l’étude de consommation alimentaire des groupes vulnĂ©rables au Niger.   Since the 2005 crisis, the rates of people suffering from undernutrition have been on the rise in Niger, hence the state strategy to improve the diet of the population to remedy this. This study aims to establish all the food recipes, their ingredients and the foods commonly consumed in households in Niger. These were collected from several sources, reorganized in a database following the writing of the international standard « INFOODS Â». Thus, a total of 518 food recipes have been listed including 269 recipes based on cereals, 36 on tubers, 33 on legumes, 15 for meat products, 3 based on milk and dairy products, 100 recipes for vegetables, 26 leafy greens for sauces, 31 fruit-based recipes, 1 nut and seed-based and 4 egg-based recipes. The most represented are those of cereal porridges and mixtures (145), and vegetable salads (82) followed by balls (27) and cereal couscous (26), sauces (26), vegetable purees (25) and finally cereal pasta(16), tuber ragout(11), fruit juice(14), cooked cereal(7), tuber pasta(5), cereal fritters(5), vegetable juice(5), cereals (6), legume couscous (6), flour (5), fried tubers (5), grilled meat products (8), legume biscuits (6), and cereal cakes (7) . This copulation of recipes constitutes, through the development of a code dictionary of food recipes and foods, the starting point of the first stage of the food consumption study of vulnerable groups in Niger
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