Characterization, Extraction of Biochar and Humic Acid on Yield Parameters of Maize in Maize-Chickpea Cropping System and Its Residual Effect on Chickpea under Rainfed Condition

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019 and 2020 in a at ICAR-Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Kalaburagi-II (Raddewadagi), Jewargi taluk, Kalaburagi district, to study the characterization, extraction of biochar and humic acid on yield parameters of maize in maize-chickpea cropping system and its residual effect on chickpea under rainfed condition .The results showed that, the biochar was highly alkaline in nature (pH of 8.91), medium in salt content with an electrical conductivity of 1.89 dS m-1. The total carbon content (78.20 g kg-1), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (0.64, 0.29 and 1.02 %, respectively). It also showed good amount of secondary and micronutrients. Biochar had also lower the bulk density (0.54 Mg m-3) and good water holding capacity (67.50 %). Whereas, the humic acid showed acidic in reaction (pH 4.20) and higher the nitrogen content (1.38 %). The maize was the test crop to study the direct effect and chickpea was raised to study the residual effect. The experiment were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with fifteen treatments and replicated thrice. The pooled analysis revealed that significantly higher significantly higher yield and yield parameters of maize and succeeding chickpea crops were recorded with application of 100 % NPK + biochar @ 5 t ha-1 + HA @ 10 kg ha-1 and it was on par with the treatment receiving 100 % NPK + biochar @ 2.5 t ha-1 + HA @ 10 kg ha-1 compare to other treatments

Uses and gratifications of social networking sites among university students in South India: An empirical analysis

The social media have become all pervasive, interactive and participatory communication sources and resources in modern times. The social media application has become a new way of life in all modern organizations including the educational institutions. The present investigation was carried out in South India to evaluate the uses and gratifications of social media among the university students. Scientific survey research methodology was adopted for the purpose of gathering primary data. The present investigation was carried out on the theoretical foundation offered by Ess with respect to social media ethics. The study reveals that social media have enabled the university students to pursue higher education on the basis of social network development and timely interaction with the teachers, researchers and fellow students. The study further indicates that social media were satisfactory means for socialization and academic advancement. The study recommends that the higher educational institutions should explore new avenues and opportunities for judicious and creative use of social media for educational development

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Not AvailableWA-CMS system based rice hybrids are widely adopted in many rice growing countries, including India. Even though it is well known that the trait is controlled by mitochondria, the genes underpinning the trait remain enigmatic. In the present study, a complete genome-wide comparative sequence analysis was performed using draft mitochondrial genomes of WA-CMS and male fertile lines in a step-wise manner, progressively covering 5–10 kb every time through BLASTN tool. The sequence polymorphisms identified in different mitochondrial regions were targeted to develop two different sets of dominant PCR-based markers, one consisting of six markers targeting WA-CMS mitochondria, the other set consisting of five markers targeting male fertile mitochondria in addition to development of a set of eight co-dominant PCR-based markers targeting both the genomes. When a set of candidate genes/ORFs reported earlier to be associated with WA-CMS trait in rice were analyzed through RT-PCR of RNA isolated from immature rice florets, it was observed that the chimeric ORF, WA352 is expressed only in WA-CMS line and hybrid (i.e. genotypes containing sterile mitochondria), indicating it’s candidacy for the WA-CMS trait. Targeting the functional nucleotide polymorphism between WA-CMS and maintainer mitochondria with respect to WA352, two dominant markers, one targeting sterile and another targeting fertile mitochondria were developed. In addition, a robust, codominant functional marker targeting the candidate gene was also developed and validated for its utility in identification of genetic impurities in seed lots of WA-CMS lines.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableWA-CMS system based rice hybrids are widely adopted in many rice growing countries, including India. Even though it is well known that the trait is controlled by mitochondria, the genes underpinning the trait remain enigmatic. In the present study, a complete genome-wide comparative sequence analysis was performed using draft mitochondrial genomes of WA-CMS and male fertile lines in a step-wise manner, progressively covering 5–10 kb every time through BLASTN tool. The sequence polymorphisms identified in different mitochondrial regions were targeted to develop two different sets of dominant PCR-based markers, one consisting of six markers targeting WA-CMS mitochondria, the other set consisting of five markers targeting male fertile mitochondria in addition to development of a set of eight co-dominant PCR-based markers targeting both the genomes. When a set of candidate genes/ORFs reported earlier to be associated with WA-CMS trait in rice were analyzed through RT-PCR of RNA isolated from immature rice florets, it was observed that the chimeric ORF, WA352 is expressed only in WA-CMS line and hybrid (i.e. genotypes containing sterile mitochondria), indicating it’s candidacy for the WA-CMS trait. Targeting the functional nucleotide polymorphism between WA-CMS and maintainer mitochondria with respect to WA352, two dominant markers, one targeting sterile and another targeting fertile mitochondria were developed. In addition, a robust, codominant functional marker targeting the candidate gene was also developed and validated for its utility in identification of genetic impurities in seed lots of WA-CMS linesICAR, DBT, DS