THE EVOLUTION OF CURATIVE TOURISM AT BORSEC

Taking into account the natural resources - mineral water springs, natural landscape - and the geographical position, the tourism in Borsec health resort should develop much faster than today. The main condition of the development of tourism is to remove the deficiencies in touristic infrastructure and a more effective use of natural resources.On the other hand the environmental protection has major importance. Since the 90s touristic flow decreases continuously, which can be explained by a lower quality of infrastructure and services. Although the curative qualities of mineral waters have been recognized they are not sufficiently used in spa therapy. The sustainable tourism is based only on the rational use of natural resources

A székelyföldi vármegyék az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia vármegye-térképei alapján készült georeferált online térinformatikai adatbázisa

Napjaink digitális világában egyre gyakoribb az integrált, több forrásanyagot összekovácsoló online adatbázis. Mivel felhasznált adataink szinte kivétel nélkül elhelyezhetőek a földrajzi térben, ezért a térkép alapú megjelenítések különleges fontossággal rendelkeznek. Ez vezérelt abban, hogy az 1910-es népszámlálás négy székelyföldi vármegyére vonatkozó adatait olyan formában tegyük elérhetővé mindenki számára, amely korban a hozzá legközelebb eső térképi reprezentációt használja. Így esett a választás az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia XX. század eleji vármegye térképeire, amelyek tartalmát nem kép formátumban, hanem vektorizáltan tettem elérhetővé. A vektorizált változat előnyei között megemlíthető az alaptérkép tartalmának minimális mértékű kifedése az egyes tartalmi elemek láthatóságának egyéni szabályozhatósága miatt

Experimental Method to Assess the Looseness or Compactness in Climate Changing for Several Major Cities of Hungary.

In this paper we tried to study the values of radiant temperatures (Land Surface Temperature) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) for areas occupied by buildings and green spaces. The area affected by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) was also determined. Study Area, Iasi, the largest city in eastern Romania, is geographically situated on latitude 47°12'N to 47°06'N and longitude 27°32'E to 27°40'E. LST is an estimate of ground temperature and is important to identify change in environment. An important parameter in global climate change is rapid urbanization which leads to an increase in Land Surface Temperature (LST). The urban heat island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural zones due to urbanization. It also been found that night UHI is more powerful than day. At night the LST values for SUHI varies between 24.5°C-25.9°C, and during the day between 35°C-38.7°C. With the development of remote sensing technology, it has become an important approach to urban heat island research. MODIS and Landsat data were used to estimate the LST and NDVI. From the analysis of the images it can be seen that the temperatures in SUHI are lower where there are green spaces around the buildings, and temperatures are higher in the non-UHI area, where inside or around the green spaces there are surfaces built or covered with concrete. Statistical data show very average temperatures for areas affected by UHI, 37.8°C for daytime and 24.6°C for night

DETERMINING MINIMUM HIKING TIME USING DEM

Determining minimum hiking time using DEM. Minimum hiking time calculus can be used to assess the maximum area where a lost person can be. Such area delimitation can help rescue teams to efficiently organize their missions. The two well known walking time rules was used to determine, compare and correlate the obtained result in a test area. The calculated times has a high correlation coefficient which makes possible a precise conversion between Naismith and Tobler walking times. For delimiting the rescue area a graph based modeling from a raster layer was implemented using R environment. The main challenge in such a modeling is the efficient memory management as the use of Dijkstra algorithm on directional costgraph requires high memory resources

Székelyföldi barlangok értékelése turisztikai hasznosíthatóságuk szemszögéből

Speleology and caving are becoming increasingly popular activities these days, with a high number of visitors flocking to these mysterious but breathtaking natural wonders. However, cave exploration and research is not as popular and the number of people interested in such researches seems to be decreasing. The aim of the research was to evaluate the touristic potential of ten selected caves in Szeklerland. The caves were studied based on several criteria, using quantitative SWOT analysis, to find out which caves could be developed for tourism and included in the tourism circuit, and which ones had a low appeal as a natural resource and were not worth investing time and energy into their touristic development

STRUCTURAL VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF HARGHITA COUNTY’S INNER ROAD NETWORK

Structural Vulnerability and Risk Assessment of Harghita County’s Inner Road Network. Road transportation systems has become indispensable in everyday life. They have a high importance in global economic circuit, thus their vulnerability and risk analysis is indispensable. In this paper we want to make an intrinsic characterization the road network infrastructure of Harghita’s county. Our vulnerability assessment was based on the internal structure of the road network using elements from graph theory. We identified that the majority of the settlements are loosely coupled with each other, after three random edge failure the road network becomes unconnected. We also identified the heavily loaded route segments with the assumption of using the shortest distance path. These are the most vulnerable parts of road network. The failure of two of these route segments can lead to the isolation of the county seat from the other major cities. By developing a simulation environment in R we could model the consequences of any edge failure in terms of detour length and number of traveling persons which couldn’t reach their destination. Through this latter evaluation we made the risk assessment of the road network, calculating the number of traveling persons which are locked to their destination

Tourist phenomenon in Geoagiu Spa region within the Central Metaliferi Mountains

The Central Metaliferi Mountains, situated in south-central side of the Apuseni Mountains, have a variety of natural and anthropic touristic potential, but, unfortunately, less known and not enough exploited. After conducting a survey in Geoagiu Spa we specifically recommend the following: increased number of one day tours, which are the main tourist destination in the region, many tours for visiting the major centers of cultural - historical monuments related to our past history, granting economic incentives for organizer of youth groups to attract the youth, diversification of tourist routes with thematic actions: curiosities of nature, environment, organizing sports events with different timetable covering all seasons and all series, attracting local and foreign investors by providing tax incentives and financial programs introducing touristic resort in the international circuit.

Attractiveness Assessment Model for Evaluating an Area for a Potential Geopark—Case Study: Hațeg UNESCO Global Geopark (Romania)

Many studies have developed methods for assessing attractiveness, but the question is which one should be used to evaluate geopark designated areas? Therefore, the aim of this study is to find suitable criteria for assessing the attractiveness of a natural area such as a geopark in order to find the best quantifiable method as a methodological guide to evaluate attractiveness. The principle of the methodology takes into account three facts: the use of available attractiveness methods elaborated over time, the UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGp) geopark requirements, and a certified geopark (Haţeg UNESCO Global Geopark was chosen as etalon—benchmark), then matching these together. To this end, the following specific objectives have been set: (i) an inventory of factors used to estimate attractiveness; (ii) through analysis, identifying the appropriate evaluation criteria for the field (a set for criteria’s SMART parameter, which can be clearly expressed, quantitatively measurable, and achievable); and (iii) developing a methodological guideline for geopark attractiveness assessment. The methodology is based on an analytical thinking approach, builds on the experience of existing methods, and stands out by the attributes matched to the UGGp’s evaluation criteria using the certified geopark as a benchmark. The result itself presents a method for assessing the attractiveness of geoparks. The outcome offers the attractiveness suitability for new geopark-designated areas as well as for existing geoparks aspiring to UNESCO certification